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Khalil S, Strah R, Lodovici A, Vojta P, Berardinis FD, Ziegler J, Pompe Novak M, Zanin L, Tomasi N, Forneck A, Griesser M. The activation of iron deficiency responses of grapevine rootstocks is dependent to the availability of the nitrogen forms. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:218. [PMID: 38532351 PMCID: PMC10964708 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In viticulture, iron (Fe) chlorosis is a common abiotic stress that impairs plant development and leads to yield and quality losses. Under low availability of the metal, the applied N form (nitrate and ammonium) can play a role in promoting or mitigating Fe deficiency stresses. However, the processes involved are not clear in grapevine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of two grapevine rootstocks to the interaction between N forms and Fe uptake. This process was evaluated in a hydroponic experiment using two ungrafted grapevine rootstocks Fercal (Vitis berlandieri x V. vinifera) tolerant to deficiency induced Fe chlorosis and Couderc 3309 (V. riparia x V. rupestris) susceptible to deficiency induced Fe chlorosis. RESULTS The results could differentiate Fe deficiency effects, N-forms effects, and rootstock effects. Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves appeared earlier on 3309 C from the second week of treatment with NO3-/NH4+ (1:0)/-Fe, while Fercal leaves showed less severe symptoms after four weeks of treatment, corresponding to decreased chlorophyll concentrations lowered by 75% in 3309 C and 57% in Fercal. Ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity was by trend enhanced under Fe deficiency in Fercal with both N combinations, whereas 3309 C showed an increase in FCR activity under Fe deficiency only with NO3-/NH4+ (1:1) treatment. With the transcriptome analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) revealed multiple biological processes and molecular functions that were significantly regulated in grapevine rootstocks under Fe-deficient conditions, with more genes regulated in Fercal responses, especially when both forms of N were supplied. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in the auxin and abscisic acid metabolic pathways was markedly increased by the equal supply of both forms of N under Fe deficiency conditions. In addition, changes in the expression of genes related to Fe uptake, regulation, and transport reflected the different responses of the two grapevine rootstocks to different N forms. CONCLUSIONS Results show a clear contribution of N forms to the response of the two grapevine rootstocks under Fe deficiency, highlighting the importance of providing both N forms (nitrate and ammonium) in an appropriate ratio in order to ease the rootstock responses to Fe deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarhan Khalil
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Rebeka Strah
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Ljubljana,, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Arianna Lodovici
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Sciences, Udine, Italy
| | - Petr Vojta
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Computational Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federica De Berardinis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department Molecular Signal Processing, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maruša Pompe Novak
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Ljubljana,, Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica, Faculty of Viticulture and Enology, Vipava, Slovenia
| | - Laura Zanin
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Sciences, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Sciences, Udine, Italy
| | - Astrid Forneck
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michaela Griesser
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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2
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Tiziani R, Pranter M, Valentinuzzi F, Pii Y, Luigimaria B, Cesco S, Mimmo T. Unraveling plant adaptation to single and combined nutrient deficiencies in a dicotyledonous and a monocotyledonous plant species. Plant Sci 2023; 335:111793. [PMID: 37454818 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiencies considerably limit agricultural production worldwide. However, while single deficiencies are widely studied, combined deficiencies are poorly addressed. Hence, the aim of this paper was to study single and combined deficiencies of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Plants were grown in hydroponics and root exudation was measured over the growing period. At harvest, root morphology and root and shoot ionome was assessed. Shoot-to-root-ratio decreased in both species and in all nutrient deficiencies, besides in -Fe tomato. Barley root growth was enhanced in plants subjected to double deficiency behaving similarly to -P, while tomato reduced root morphology parameters in all treatments. To cope with the nutrient deficiency barley exuded mostly chelants, while tomato relied on organic acids. Moreover, tomato exhibited a slight exudation increase over time not detected in barley. Overall, in none of the species the double deficiency caused a substantial increase in root exudation. Multivariate statistics emphasized that all the treatments were significantly different from each other in tomato, while in barley only -Fe was statistically different from the other treatments. Our findings highlight that the response of the studied plants in double deficiencies is not additive but plant specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Tiziani
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Marion Pranter
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Fabio Valentinuzzi
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Borruso Luigimaria
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Competence Centre of Plant Health, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Universitá 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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3
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Geng Z, Chen J, Lu B, Zhang F, Chen Z, Liu Y, Xia C, Huang J, Zhang C, Zha M, Xu C. A Review: Systemic Signaling in the Regulation of Plant Responses to Low N, P and Fe. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2765. [PMID: 37570919 PMCID: PMC10420978 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant signal transduction occurs in response to nutrient element deficiency in plant vascular tissue. Recent works have shown that the vascular tissue is a central regulator in plant growth and development by transporting both essential nutritional and long-distance signaling molecules between different parts of the plant's tissues. Split-root and grafting studies have deciphered the importance of plants' shoots in receiving root-derived nutrient starvation signals from the roots. This review assesses recent studies about vascular tissue, integrating local and systemic long-distance signal transduction and the physiological regulation center. A substantial number of studies have shown that the vascular tissue is a key component of root-derived signal transduction networks and is a regulative center involved in plant elementary nutritional deficiency, including nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and iron (Fe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Geng
- Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Anhui Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Promotion Center, Anhui Provincial Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei 230002, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhang
- Anhui Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Promotion Center, Anhui Provincial Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei 230002, China
| | - Ziping Chen
- Anhui Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Promotion Center, Anhui Provincial Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei 230002, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- Anhui Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Promotion Center, Anhui Provincial Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei 230002, China
| | - Chao Xia
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 915 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Cankui Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 915 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Manrong Zha
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Congshan Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Anhui Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Promotion Center, Anhui Provincial Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei 230002, China
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4
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Xue C, Li W, Shen R, Lan P. Impacts of iron on phosphate starvation-induced root hair growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:215-238. [PMID: 36174546 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, phosphate starvation (-Pi)-induced responses of primary root and lateral root growth are documented to be correlated with ambient iron (Fe) status. However, whether and how Fe participates in -Pi-induced root hair growth (RHG) remains unclear. Here, responses of RHG to different Fe concentrations under Pi sufficiency/deficiency were verified. Generally, distinct dosage effects of Fe on RHG appeared at both Pi levels, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Following analyses using auxin mutants and the phr1 mutant revealed that auxin and the central regulator PHR1 are required for Fe-triggered RHG under -Pi. A further proteomic study indicated that processes of vesicle trafficking and auxin synthesis and transport were affected by Fe under -Pi, which were subsequently validated by using a vesicle trafficking inhibitor, brefeldin A, and an auxin reporter, R2D2. Moreover, vesicle trafficking-mediated recycling of PIN2, an auxin efflux transporter, was notably affected by Fe under -Pi. Correspondingly, root hairs of pin2 mutant displayed attenuated responses to Fe under -Pi. Together, we propose that Fe affects auxin signalling probably by modulating vesicle trafficking, chiefly the PIN2 recycling, which might work jointly with PHR1 on modulating -Pi-induced RHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
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5
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García MJ, Angulo M, Lucena C, Pérez-Vicente R, Romera FJ. To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the question. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:968665. [PMID: 36035680 PMCID: PMC9412941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To cope with nutrient scarcity, plants generally follow two main complementary strategies. On the one hand, they can slow down growing, mainly shoot growth, to diminish the demand of nutrients. We can call this strategy as "stop growing." On the other hand, plants can develop different physiological and morphological responses, mainly in their roots, aimed to facilitate the acquisition of nutrients. We can call this second strategy as "searching for nutrients." Both strategies are compatible and can function simultaneously but the interconnection between them is not yet well-known. In relation to the "stop growing" strategy, it is known that the TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) system is a central regulator of growth in response to nutrients in eukaryotic cells. TOR is a protein complex with kinase activity that promotes protein synthesis and growth while some SnRK (Sucrose non-fermenting 1-Related protein Kinases) and GCN (General Control Non-derepressible) kinases act antagonistically. It is also known that some SnRKs and GCNs are activated by nutrient deficiencies while TOR is active under nutrient sufficiency. In relation to the "searching for nutrients" strategy, it is known that the plant hormone ethylene participates in the activation of many nutrient deficiency responses. In this Mini Review, we discuss the possible role of ethylene as the hub connecting the "stop growing" strategy and the "searching for nutrients" strategy since very recent results also suggest a clear relationship of ethylene with the TOR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José García
- Department of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Macarena Angulo
- Department of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Department of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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6
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Zhang X, Xue C, Wang R, Shen R, Lan P. Physiological and proteomic dissection of the rice roots in response to iron deficiency and excess. J Proteomics 2022; 267:104689. [PMID: 35914714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) disorder is a pivotal factor that limits rice yields in many parts of the world. Extensive research has been devoted to studying how rice molecularly copes with the stresses of Fe deficiency or excess. However, a comprehensive dissection of the whole Fe-responsive atlas at the protein level is still lacking. Here, different concentrations of Fe (0, 40, 350, and 500 μM) were supplied to rice to demonstrate its response differences to Fe deficiency and excess via physiological and proteomic analysis. Results showed that compared with the normal condition, the seedling growth and contents of Fe and manganese were significantly disturbed under either Fe stress. Proteomic analysis revealed that differentially accumulated proteins under Fe deficiency and Fe excess were commonly enriched in localization, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and antioxidant system. Notably, proteins with abundance retuned by Fe starvation were individually associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, while ribosome- and endocytosis-related proteins were specifically enriched in treatment of Fe overdose of 500 μM. Moreover, several novel proteins which may play potential roles in rice Fe homeostasis were predicted. These findings expand the understanding of rice Fe nutrition mechanisms, and provide efficient guidance for genetic breeding work. SIGNIFICANCE: Both iron (Fe) deficiency and excess significantly inhibited the growth of rice seedlings. Fe deficiency and excess disturbed processes of localization and cellular oxidant detoxification, metabolisms of carbohydrates and amino acids in different ways. The Fe-deficiency and Fe-excess-responsive proteins identified by the proteome were somewhat different from the reported transcriptional profiles, providing complementary information to the transcriptomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Caiwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Garnica M, Baigorri R, San Francisco S, Zamarreño AM, Garcia-Mina JM. Humic Acid Alleviates Fe Chlorosis in Graminaceous Plants Through Coordinated Fe-Dependent and Fe-Independent Mechanisms. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:803013. [PMID: 35185979 PMCID: PMC8849133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.803013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown the close relationship between the beneficial action of soil and sedimentary humic acids on the growth of plants cultivated in calcareous soils and their ability to improve Fe plant nutrition. These results have been ascribed to the humic acid (HA) capability to improve Fe solubility and bioavailability. However, other effects more related to a humic acid action on the specific mechanisms activated in roots of plants under Fe deficiency cannot be ruled out. Although this question has been studied in dicotyledonous plants, in graminaceous plants there are no specific studies. Here we investigate the ability of a humic acid extracted from peat (HA) to improve Fe nutrition in wheat plants cultivated under Fe deficient and sufficient conditions. The results show that HA can improve the physiological status of Fe deficient wheat plants by alleviating some of the deleterious consequences of Fe deficiency on plant development and increasing the plant ability to secrete phytosiderophores to the nutrient solution. This action of HA is associated with increases in the Fe-active pool in leaves that might be related to the mobilization of the Fe complexed by HA resulting from the interaction of HA with the phytosiderophores in the nutrient solution. The Fe translocation from the root to the shoot may be favored by the action of trans-Zeatin Riboside (tZR) since the leaf concentration of this phytohormone was enhanced by HA in Fe deficient plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garnica
- BACh Research Group, Department of Environmental Biology, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roberto Baigorri
- BACh Research Group, Department of Environmental Biology, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara San Francisco
- BACh Research Group, Department of Environmental Biology, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel M. Zamarreño
- BACh Research Group, Department of Environmental Biology, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose M. Garcia-Mina
- BACh Research Group, Department of Environmental Biology, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre Mondial de l’Innovation (CMI) – Groupe Roullier, Saint-Maló, France
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8
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Kohlhase DR, McCabe CE, Singh AK, O’Rourke JA, Graham MA. Comparing Early Transcriptomic Responses of 18 Soybean ( Glycine max) Genotypes to Iron Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11643. [PMID: 34769077 PMCID: PMC8583884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an abiotic stress that negatively affects soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production. Much of our knowledge of IDC stress responses is derived from model plant species. Gene expression, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed in soybean suggest that stress response differences exist between model and crop species. Our current understanding of the molecular response to IDC in soybeans is largely derived from gene expression studies using near-isogenic lines differing in iron efficiency. To improve iron efficiency in soybeans and other crops, we need to expand gene expression studies to include the diversity present in germplasm collections. Therefore, we collected 216 purified RNA samples (18 genotypes, two tissue types [leaves and roots], two iron treatments [sufficient and deficient], three replicates) and used RNA sequencing to examine the expression differences of 18 diverse soybean genotypes in response to iron deficiency. We found a rapid response to iron deficiency across genotypes, most responding within 60 min of stress. There was little evidence of an overlap of specific differentially expressed genes, and comparisons of gene ontology terms and transcription factor families suggest the utilization of different pathways in the stress response. These initial findings suggest an untapped genetic potential within the soybean germplasm collection that could be used for the continued improvement of iron efficiency in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Kohlhase
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Chantal E. McCabe
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Jamie A. O’Rourke
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Michelle A. Graham
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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Kaur G, Shukla V, Meena V, Kumar A, Tyagi D, Singh J, Kandoth PK, Mantri S, Rouached H, Pandey AK. Physiological and molecular responses to combinatorial iron and phosphate deficiencies in hexaploid wheat seedlings. Genomics 2021; 113:3935-3950. [PMID: 34606916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are the essential mineral nutrients for plant growth and development. However, the molecular interaction of the Fe and P pathways in crops remained largely obscure. In this study, we provide a comprehensive physiological and molecular analysis of hexaploid wheat response to single (Fe, P) and its combinatorial deficiencies. Our data showed that inhibition of the primary root growth occurs in response to Fe deficiency; however, growth was rescued when combinatorial deficiencies occurred. Analysis of RNAseq revealed that distinct molecular rearrangements during combined deficiencies with predominance for genes related to metabolic pathways and secondary metabolite biosynthesis primarily include genes for UDP-glycosyltransferase, cytochrome-P450s, and glutathione metabolism. Interestingly, the Fe-responsive cis-regulatory elements in the roots in Fe stress conditions were enriched compared to the combined stress. Our metabolome data also revealed the accumulation of distinct metabolites such as amino-isobutyric acid, arabinonic acid, and aconitic acid in the combined stress environment. Overall, these results are essential in developing new strategies to improve the resilience of crops in limited nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazaldeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Punjab, India
| | - Vishnu Shukla
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Punjab, India
| | - Deepshikha Tyagi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Punjab, India
| | - Pramod Kaitheri Kandoth
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Shrikant Mantri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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García MJ, Lucena C, Romera FJ. Ethylene and Nitric Oxide Involvement in the Regulation of Fe and P Deficiency Responses in Dicotyledonous Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094904. [PMID: 34063156 PMCID: PMC8125717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are two essential elements for plant growth. Both elements are abundant in soils but with poor availability for plants, which favor their acquisition by developing morphological and physiological responses in their roots. Although the regulation of the genes related to these responses is not totally known, ethylene (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) have been involved in the activation of both Fe-related and P-related genes. The common involvement of ET and NO suggests that they must act in conjunction with other specific signals, more closely related to each deficiency. Among the specific signals involved in the regulation of Fe- or P-related genes have been proposed Fe-peptides (or Fe ion itself) and microRNAs, like miR399 (P), moving through the phloem. These Fe- or P-related phloem signals could interact with ET/NO and confer specificity to the responses to each deficiency, avoiding the induction of the specific responses when ET/NO increase due to other nutrient deficiencies or stresses. Besides the specificity conferred by these signals, ET itself could confer specificity to the responses to Fe- or P-deficiency by acting through different signaling pathways in each case. Given the above considerations, there are preliminary results suggesting that ET could regulate different nutrient responses by acting both in conjunction with other signals and through different signaling pathways. Because of the close relationship among these two elements, a better knowledge of the physiological and molecular basis of their interaction is necessary to improve their nutrition and to avoid the problems associated with their misuse. As examples of this interaction, it is known that Fe chlorosis can be induced, under certain circumstances, by a P over- fertilization. On the other hand, Fe oxides can have a role in the immobilization of P in soils. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the dynamic of known Fe- and P-related genes expression, selected ad hoc and involved in each of these deficiencies, would allow us to get a profound knowledge of the processes that regulate the responses to both deficiencies. The better knowledge of the regulation by ET of the responses to these deficiencies is necessary to properly understand the interactions between Fe and P. This will allow the obtention of more efficient varieties in the absorption of P and Fe, and the use of more rational management techniques for P and Fe fertilization. This will contribute to minimize the environmental impacts caused by the use of P and Fe fertilizers (Fe chelates) in agriculture and to adjust the costs for farmers, due to the high prices and/or scarcity of Fe and P fertilizers. This review aims to summarize the latest advances in the knowledge about Fe and P deficiency responses, analyzing the similarities and differences among them and considering the interactions among their main regulators, including some hormones (ethylene) and signaling substances (NO and GSNO) as well as other P- and Fe-related signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José García
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Department of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence) Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
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Pueyo JJ, Quiñones MA, Coba de la Peña T, Fedorova EE, Lucas MM. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Interplay in Lupin Root Nodules and Cluster Roots. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:644218. [PMID: 33747024 PMCID: PMC7966414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two major plant nutrients, and their deficiencies often limit plant growth and crop yield. The uptakes of N or P affect each other, and consequently, understanding N-P interactions is fundamental. Their signaling mechanisms have been studied mostly separately, and integrating N-P interactive regulation is becoming the aim of some recent works. Lupins are singular plants, as, under N and P deficiencies, they are capable to develop new organs, the N2-fixing symbiotic nodules, and some species can also transform their root architecture to form cluster roots, hundreds of short rootlets that alter their metabolism to induce a high-affinity P transport system and enhance synthesis and secretion of organic acids, flavonoids, proteases, acid phosphatases, and proton efflux. These modifications lead to mobilization in the soil of, otherwise unavailable, P. White lupin (Lupinus albus) represents a model plant to study cluster roots and for understanding plant acclimation to nutrient deficiency. It tolerates simultaneous P and N deficiencies and also enhances uptake of additional nutrients. Here, we present the structural and functional modifications that occur in conditions of P and N deficiencies and lead to the organogenesis and altered metabolism of nodules and cluster roots. Some known N and P signaling mechanisms include different factors, including phytohormones and miRNAs. The combination of the individual N and P mechanisms uncovers interactive regulation pathways that concur in nodules and cluster roots. L. albus interlinks N and P recycling processes both in the plant itself and in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Pueyo
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena E. Fedorova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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García MJ, Angulo M, García C, Lucena C, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R, Romera FJ. Influence of Ethylene Signaling in the Crosstalk Between Fe, S, and P Deficiency Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:643585. [PMID: 33859661 PMCID: PMC8042388 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To cope with P, S, or Fe deficiency, dicot plants, like Arabidopsis, develop several responses (mainly in their roots) aimed to facilitate the mobilization and uptake of the deficient nutrient. Within these responses are the modification of root morphology, an increased number of transporters, augmented synthesis-release of nutrient solubilizing compounds and the enhancement of some enzymatic activities, like ferric reductase activity (FRA) or phosphatase activity (PA). Once a nutrient has been acquired in enough quantity, these responses should be switched off to minimize energy costs and toxicity. This implies that they are tightly regulated. Although the responses to each deficiency are induced in a rather specific manner, crosstalk between them is frequent and in such a way that P, S, or Fe deficiency can induce responses related to the other two nutrients. The regulation of the responses is not totally known but some hormones and signaling substances have been involved, either as activators [ethylene (ET), auxin, nitric oxide (NO)], or repressors [cytokinins (CKs)]. The plant hormone ET is involved in the regulation of responses to P, S, or Fe deficiency, and this could partly explain the crosstalk between them. In spite of these crosslinks, it can be hypothesized that, to confer the maximum specificity to the responses of each deficiency, ET should act in conjunction with other signals and/or through different transduction pathways. To study this latter possibility, several responses to P, S, or Fe deficiency have been studied in the Arabidopis wild-type cultivar (WT) Columbia and in some of its ethylene signaling mutants (ctr1, ein2-1, ein3eil1) subjected to the three deficiencies. Results show that key elements of the ET transduction pathway, like CTR1, EIN2, and EIN3/EIL1, can play a role in the crosstalk among nutrient deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José García
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Macarena Angulo
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos García
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esteban Alcántara
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Javier Romera
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