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Kapoor C, Anamika, Mukesh Sankar S, Singh SP, Singh N, Kumar S. Omics-driven utilization of wild relatives for empowering pre-breeding in pearl millet. Planta 2024; 259:155. [PMID: 38750378 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Pearl millet wild relatives harbour novel alleles which could be utilized to broaden genetic base of cultivated species. Genomics-informed pre-breeding is needed to speed up introgression from wild to cultivated gene pool in pearl millet. Rising episodes of intense biotic and abiotic stresses challenge pearl millet production globally. Wild relatives provide a wide spectrum of novel alleles which could address challenges posed by climate change. Pre-breeding holds potential to introgress novel diversity in genetically narrow cultivated Pennisetum glaucum from diverse gene pool. Practical utilization of gene pool diversity remained elusive due to genetic intricacies. Harnessing promising traits from wild pennisetum is limited by lack of information on underlying candidate genes/QTLs. Next-Generation Omics provide vast scope to speed up pre-breeding in pearl millet. Genomic resources generated out of draft genome sequence and improved genome assemblies can be employed to utilize gene bank accessions effectively. The article highlights genetic richness in pearl millet and its utilization with a focus on harnessing next-generation Omics to empower pre-breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kapoor
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Anamika
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S Mukesh Sankar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673012, India
| | - S P Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nirupma Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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2
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Xu L, Lan Y, Lin M, Zhou H, Ying S, Chen M. Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Analysis of AP2/ERF Gene Family in Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2470. [PMID: 38473718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The apetala2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) gene family plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development and responding to different abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, heat, cold, and salinity). However, the knowledge of the ERF family in pearl millet remains limited. Here, a total of 167 high-confidence PgERF genes are identified and divided into five subgroups based on gene-conserved structure and phylogenetic analysis. Forty-one pairs of segmental duplication are found using collinear analysis. Nucleotide substitution analysis reveals these duplicated pairs are under positive purification, indicating they are actively responding to natural selection. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis reveals that PgERF genesare preferentially expressed in the imbibed seeds and stem (tilling stage) and respond to heat, drought, and salt stress. Prediction of the cis-regulatory element by the PlantCARE program indicates that PgERF genes are involved in responses to environmental stimuli. Using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), expression profiles of eleven selected PgERF genes are monitored in various tissues and during different abiotic stresses. Transcript levels of each PgERF gene exhibit significant changes during stress treatments. Notably, the PgERF7 gene is the only candidate that can be induced by all adverse conditions. Furthermore, four PgERF genes (i.e., PgERF22, PgERF37, PgERF88, and PgERF155) are shown to be involved in the ABA-dependent signaling pathway. These results provide useful bioinformatic and transcriptional information for understanding the roles of the pearl millet ERF gene family in adaptation to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Ying Lan
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Miaohong Lin
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Hongkai Zhou
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Sheng Ying
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
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Zulfiqar U, Khokhar A, Maqsood MF, Shahbaz M, Naz N, Sara M, Maqsood S, Sahar S, Hussain S, Ahmad M. Genetic biofortification: advancing crop nutrition to tackle hidden hunger. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 38365972 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition, often termed "hidden hunger," represents a pervasive global issue carrying significant implications for health, development, and socioeconomic conditions. Addressing the challenge of inadequate essential nutrients, despite sufficient caloric intake, is crucial. Biofortification emerges as a promising solution by enhance the presence of vital nutrients like iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A in edible parts of different crop plants. Crop biofortification can be attained through either agronomic methods or genetic breeding techniques. Agronomic strategies for biofortification encompass the application of mineral fertilizers through foliar or soil methods, as well as leveraging microbe-mediated mechanisms to enhance nutrient uptake. On the other hand, genetic biofortification involves the strategic crossing of plants to achieve a desired combination of genes, promoting balanced nutrient uptake and bioavailability. Additionally, genetic biofortification encompasses innovative methods such as speed breeding, transgenic approaches, genome editing techniques, and integrated omics approaches. These diverse strategies collectively contribute to enhancing the nutritional profile of crops. This review highlights the above-said genetic biofortification strategies and it also covers the aspect of reduction in antinutritional components in food through genetic biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Amman Khokhar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Naz
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Sara
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Maqsood
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sajila Sahar
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Dhawi F. Abiotic stress tolerance in pearl millet: Unraveling molecular mechanisms via transcriptomics. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241237610. [PMID: 38500301 PMCID: PMC10953032 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241237610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) is a vital cereal crop renowned for its ability to thrive in challenging environmental conditions; however, the molecular mechanisms governing its salt stress tolerance remain poorly understood. To address this gap, next-generation RNA sequencing was conducted to compare gene expression patterns in pearl millet seedlings exposed to salt stress with those grown under normal conditions. Our RNA sequencing analysis focused on shoots from 13-day-old pearl millet plants subjected to either salinity stress (150 mmol of NaCl for 3 days) or thermal stress (50°C for 60 s). Of 36,041 genes examined, 17,271 genes with fold changes ranging from 2.2 to 19.6 were successfully identified. Specifically, 2388 genes were differentially upregulated in response to heat stress, whereas 4327 genes were downregulated. Under salt stress conditions, 2013 genes were upregulated and 4221 genes were downregulated. Transcriptomic analysis revealed four common abiotic KEGG pathways that play crucial roles in the response of pearl millet to salt and heat stress: phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. These metabolic pathways are necessary for pearl millet to withstand and adapt to abiotic stresses caused by salt and heat. Moreover, the pearl millet shoot heat stress group showed specific transcriptomics related to KEEG metabolic pathways such as cytochrome P450, cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, crocin biosynthesis, ginsenoside biosynthesis, saponin biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites. In contrast, pearl millet shoots exposed to salinity stress exhibited transcriptomic changes associated with KEEG metabolic pathways related to carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, mismatch repair, and nitrogen metabolism. Our findings underscore the remarkable cross-tolerance of pearl millet to simultaneous salt and heat stress, elucidated through the activation of shared abiotic KEGG pathways. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of transcriptomics analysis in unraveling the molecular responses of pearl millet under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Dhawi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Murgia I, Morandini P. Plant Iron Research in African Countries: Current "Hot Spots", Approaches, and Potentialities. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 38202322 PMCID: PMC10780554 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant iron (Fe) nutrition and metabolism is a fascinating and challenging research topic; understanding the role of Fe in the life cycle of plants requires knowledge of Fe chemistry and biochemistry and their impact during development. Plant Fe nutritional status is dependent on several factors, including the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments, and influences crop yield and the nutritional quality of edible parts. The relevance of plant Fe research will further increase globally, particularly for Africa, which is expected to reach 2.5 billion people by 2050. The aim of this review is to provide an updated picture of plant Fe research conducted in African countries to favor its dissemination within the scientific community. Three main research hotspots have emerged, and all of them are related to the production of plants of superior quality, i.e., development of Fe-dense crops, development of varieties resilient to Fe toxicity, and alleviation of Fe deficiency, by means of Fe nanoparticles for sustainable agriculture. An intensification of research collaborations between the African research groups and plant Fe groups worldwide would be beneficial for the progression of the identified research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Dhawi F. Utilizing In Silico Approaches to Investigate the Signaling Pathway's Crucial Function in Pennisetum glaucum Under Thermal Stress. Evol Bioinform Online 2023; 19:11769343231211072. [PMID: 38020532 PMCID: PMC10655657 DOI: 10.1177/11769343231211072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) is a remarkable cereal crop known for its ability to thrive in challenging environmental conditions. Despite its resilience, the intricate molecular mechanisms behind its toughness remain a mystery. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted advanced next-generation RNA sequencing. This approach allowed us to compare the gene expression profiles of pearl millet seedlings exposed to heat stress with those grown under standard conditions. Our main focus was on the shoots of 13-day-old pearl millet plants, which we subjected to a brief heat stress episode at 50°C for 60 seconds. Within the vast genomic landscape comprising 36 041 genes, we successfully identified a set of 10 genes that exhibited significant fold changes, ranging from 11 to 14-fold compared to the control conditions. These 10 genes were previously unknown to have such substantial changes in expression compared to the control. To uncover the functional significance hidden within these transcriptomic findings, we utilized computational tools such as MEME, String, and phylogenetic tree analysis. These efforts collectively revealed conserved domains within the transcriptomic landscape, hinting at potential functions associated with these genetic sequences. Of particular note, the distinct transcriptomic patterns specific to pearl millet leaves under thermal stress shed light on intricate connections to fundamental biological processes. These processes included the Ethylene-activated signaling pathway, Regulation of intracellular signal transduction, Negative regulation of signal transduction, Protein autophosphorylation, and Intracellular signal transduction. Together, these processes provide insight into the molecular strategies employed by pearl millet to overcome thermal stress challenges. By integrating cutting-edge RNA sequencing techniques and computational analyses, we have embarked on unraveling the genetic components and pathways that empower pearl millet's resilience in the face of adversity. This newfound understanding has the potential to not only advance our knowledge of plant stress responses but also contribute to enhancing crop resilience in challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Dhawi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Pixley KV, Cairns JE, Lopez-Ridaura S, Ojiewo CO, Dawud MA, Drabo I, Mindaye T, Nebie B, Asea G, Das B, Daudi H, Desmae H, Batieno BJ, Boukar O, Mukankusi CTM, Nkalubo ST, Hearne SJ, Dhugga KS, Gandhi H, Snapp S, Zepeda-Villarreal EA. Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security. Mol Plant 2023; 16:1590-1611. [PMID: 37674314 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food security. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local, regional, and global agricultural systems. Crop varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance, productivity, and profitability under climate-changed environments. We surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet, sorghum, maize, groundnut, cowpea, and common bean varieties, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these crops. Experts predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important, but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer demands. Importantly, the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized; for example, (1) optimized rhizosphere microbiome, with benefits for P, N, and water use efficiency, (2) optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems, (3) lower nighttime respiration, (4) improved stover quality, and (5) increased early vigor. We further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover, validate, and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision, accuracy, and speed. We conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V Pixley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - Jill E Cairns
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Chris O Ojiewo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Inoussa Drabo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Taye Mindaye
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Baloua Nebie
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Godfrey Asea
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Biswanath Das
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Happy Daudi
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Naliendele, Tanzania
| | - Haile Desmae
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Benoit Joseph Batieno
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ousmane Boukar
- International Institute of Tropicl Agriculture (IITA), Kano, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Sarah J Hearne
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Kanwarpal S Dhugga
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Harish Gandhi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sieglinde Snapp
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
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8
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Liu S, Zenda T, Tian Z, Huang Z. Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1111875. [PMID: 37810398 PMCID: PMC10557149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+H), by imposing various negative impacts on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this decreases overall cereal crop production and impacts global food availability and human nutrition. To achieve global food and nutrition security vis-a-vis global climate change, deployment of new strategies for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and higher nutritive value in cereals is imperative. This depends on first gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying D/+H stress response. Meanwhile, functional genomics has revealed several stress-related genes that have been successfully used in target-gene approach to generate stress-tolerant cultivars and sustain crop productivity over the past decades. However, the fast-changing climate, coupled with the complexity and multigenic nature of D/+H tolerance suggest that single-gene/trait targeting may not suffice in improving such traits. Hence, in this review-cum-perspective, we advance that targeted multiple-gene or metabolic pathway manipulation could represent the most effective approach for improving D/+H stress tolerance. First, we highlight the impact of D/+H stress on cereal crops, and the elaborate plant physiological and molecular responses. We then discuss how key primary metabolism- and secondary metabolism-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, starch metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling can be modified using modern molecular biotechnology approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 system and synthetic biology (Synbio) to enhance D/+H tolerance in cereal crops. Understandably, several bottlenecks hinder metabolic pathway modification, including those related to feedback regulation, gene functional annotation, complex crosstalk between pathways, and metabolomics data and spatiotemporal gene expressions analyses. Nonetheless, recent advances in molecular biotechnology, genome-editing, single-cell metabolomics, and data annotation and analysis approaches, when integrated, offer unprecedented opportunities for pathway engineering for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and improved yield. Especially, Synbio-based strategies will accelerate the development of climate resilient and nutrient-dense cereals, critical for achieving global food security and combating malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zaimin Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Ramu P, Srivastava RK, Sanyal A, Fengler K, Cao J, Zhang Y, Nimkar M, Gerke J, Shreedharan S, Llaca V, May G, Peterson-Burch B, Lin H, King M, Das S, Bhupesh V, Mandaokar A, Maruthachalam K, Krishnamurthy P, Gandhi H, Rathore A, Gupta R, Chitikineni A, Bajaj P, Gupta SK, Satyavathi CT, Pandravada A, Varshney RK, Babu R. Improved pearl millet genomes representing the global heterotic pool offer a framework for molecular breeding applications. Commun Biol 2023; 6:902. [PMID: 37667032 PMCID: PMC10477261 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality reference genome assemblies, representative of global heterotic patterns, offer an ideal platform to accurately characterize and utilize genetic variation in the primary gene pool of hybrid crops. Here we report three platinum grade de-novo, near gap-free, chromosome-level reference genome assemblies from the active breeding germplasm in pearl millet with a high degree of contiguity, completeness, and accuracy. An improved Tift genome (Tift23D2B1-P1-P5) assembly has a contig N50 ~ 7,000-fold (126 Mb) compared to the previous version and better alignment in centromeric regions. Comparative genome analyses of these three lines clearly demonstrate a high level of collinearity and multiple structural variations, including inversions greater than 1 Mb. Differential genes in improved Tift genome are enriched for serine O-acetyltransferase and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process which play an important role in improving the nutritional quality of seed protein and disease resistance in plants, respectively. Multiple marker-trait associations are identified for a range of agronomic traits, including grain yield through genome-wide association study. Improved genome assemblies and marker resources developed in this study provide a comprehensive framework/platform for future applications such as marker-assisted selection of mono/oligogenic traits as well as whole-genome prediction and haplotype-based breeding of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punna Ramu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | | | | | - Jun Cao
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregory May
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | | | - Haining Lin
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew King
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
- Natera Inc, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Sayan Das
- Corteva Agriscience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vaid Bhupesh
- Corteva Agriscience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | | | - Harish Gandhi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Prasad Bajaj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S K Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - C Tara Satyavathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Raman Babu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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10
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Agrawal P, Singh BR, Gajbe U, Kalambe MA, Bankar M. Managing Diabetes Mellitus With Millets: A New Solution. Cureus 2023; 15:e44908. [PMID: 37814770 PMCID: PMC10560538 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and the disease's prevalence is increasing with each passing day. DM can be prevented and controlled with modifications to the diet, especially by incorporating millet in the diet. Throughout history, eating habits have been recognized for their significant contribution to promoting health and wellness by eating foods rich in nutrients. Millet is an underutilized food crop with many benefits for health, with the most beneficial being low glycemic index, high fiber content, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), non-acid-forming potential, and gluten-free. In addition to staple food crops, such as wheat, rice, and foxtail millet, millets are still highly nutritious and beneficial and have great potential to help the world combat the food insecurity many countries face today. Millets are in the top positions of recommended dietary charts with their numerous health benefits and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Agrawal
- Anatomy, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed to be University) Wardha, Nagpur, IND
| | - Brij Raj Singh
- Anatomy, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed to be University) Wardha, Nagpur, IND
| | - Ujwal Gajbe
- Anatomy, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed to be University) Wardha, Nagpur, IND
| | - Minal A Kalambe
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed to be University) Wardha, Nagpur, IND
| | - Maithili Bankar
- Medical Education Unit, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed to be University) Wardha, Nagpur, IND
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11
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Yogi AK, Bana RS, Godara S, Sangwan S, Choudhary AK, Nirmal RC, Bamboriya SD, Shivay YS, Singh D, Singh T, Yadav A, Nagar S, Singh N. Elucidating the interactive impact of tillage, residue retention and system intensification on pearl millet yield stability and biofortification under rainfed agro-ecosystems. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1205926. [PMID: 37671196 PMCID: PMC10475997 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition and suboptimal yields pose significant challenges in rainfed cropping systems worldwide. To address these issues, the implementation of climate-smart management strategies such as conservation agriculture (CA) and system intensification of millet cropping systems is crucial. In this study, we investigated the effects of different system intensification options, residue management, and contrasting tillage practices on pearl millet yield stability, biofortification, and the fatty acid profile of the pearl millet. ZT systems with intercropping of legumes (cluster bean, cowpea, and chickpea) significantly increased productivity (7-12.5%), micronutrient biofortification [Fe (12.5%), Zn (4.9-12.2%), Mn (3.1-6.7%), and Cu (8.3-16.7%)], protein content (2.2-9.9%), oil content (1.3%), and fatty acid profile of pearl millet grains compared to conventional tillage (CT)-based systems with sole cropping. The interactive effect of tillage, residue retention, and system intensification analyzed using GGE statistical analysis revealed that the best combination for achieving stable yields and micronutrient fortification was residue retention in both (wet and dry) seasons coupled with a ZT pearl millet + cowpea-mustard (both with and without barley intercropping) system. In conclusion, ZT combined with residue recycling and legume intercropping can be recommended as an effective approach to achieve stable yield levels and enhance the biofortification of pearl millet in rainfed agroecosystems of South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay K. Yogi
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Bana
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Samarth Godara
- Division of Computer Applications, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sangwan
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K. Choudhary
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi C. Nirmal
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shanti D. Bamboriya
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Maize Research Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Yashbir S. Shivay
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Division of Computer Applications, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Teekam Singh
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Achchhelal Yadav
- Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Nagar
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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12
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Pandey S, Singh A, Jaiswal P, Singh MK, Meena KR, Singh SK. The potentialities of omics resources for millet improvement. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:210. [PMID: 37355501 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Millets are nutrient-rich (nutri-rich) cereals with climate resilience attributes. However, its full productive potential is not realized due to the lack of a focused yield improvement approach, as evidenced by the available literature. Also, the lack of well-characterized genomic resources significantly limits millet improvement. But the recent availability of genomic data and advancement in omics tools has shown its enormous potential to enhance the efficiency and precision faced by conventional breeding in millet improvement. The development of high throughput genotyping platforms based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided a low-cost method for genomic information, specifically for neglected nutri-rich cereals with the availability of a limited number of reference genome sequences. NGS has created new avenues for millet biotechnological interventions such as mutation-based study, GWAS, GS, and other omics technologies. The simultaneous discovery of high-throughput markers and multiplexed genotyping platform has aggressively aided marker-assisted breeding for millet improvement. Therefore, omics technology offers excellent opportunities to explore and combine useful variations for targeted traits that could impart high nutritional value to high-yielding cultivars under changing climatic conditions. In millet improvement, an in-depth account of NGS, integrating genomics data with different biotechnology tools, is reviewed in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Agricultural, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Centre for Advanced Studies on Climate Change, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India.
| | - Priyanka Jaiswal
- Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India
| | - Khem Raj Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Satish Kumar Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India
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13
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Huang B, Yan H, Sun M, Jin Y. Novel discovery in roles of structural variations and RWP-RK transcription factors in heat tolerance for pearl millet. Stress Biol 2023; 3:12. [PMID: 37676357 PMCID: PMC10442032 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming adversely affects crop production worldwide. Massive efforts have been undertaken to study mechanisms regulating heat tolerance in plants. However, the roles of structural variations (SVs) in heat stress tolerance remain unclear. In a recent article, Yan et al. (Nat Genet 1-12, 2023) constructed the first pan-genome of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and identified key SVs linked to genes involved in regulating plant tolerance to heat stress for an important crop with a superior ability to thrive in extremely hot and arid climates. Through multi-omics analyses integrating by pan-genomics, comparative genomics, transcriptomics, population genetics and and molecular biological technologies, they found RWP-RK transcription factors cooperating with endoplasmic reticulum-related genes play key roles in heat tolerance in pearl millet. The results in this paper provided novel insights to advance the understanding of the genetic and genomic basis of heat tolerance and an exceptional resource for molecular breeding to improve heat tolerance in pearl millet and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Haidong Yan
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yarong Jin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Shinde H, Dudhate A, Sathe A, Paserkar N, Wagh SG, Kadam US. Gene Coexpression Analysis Identifies Genes Associated with Chlorophyll Content and Relative Water Content in Pearl Millet. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1412. [PMID: 36987099 PMCID: PMC10057621 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet is a significant crop that is tolerant to abiotic stresses and is a staple food of arid regions. However, its underlying mechanisms of stress tolerance are not fully understood. Plant survival is regulated by the ability to perceive a stress signal and induce appropriate physiological changes. Here, we screened for genes regulating physiological changes such as chlorophyll content (CC) and relative water content (RWC) in response to abiotic stress by using "weighted gene coexpression network analysis" (WGCNA) and clustering changes in physiological traits, i.e., CC and RWC associated with gene expression. Genes' correlations with traits were defined in the form of modules, and different color names were used to denote a particular module. Modules are groups of genes with similar patterns of expression, which also tend to be functionally related and co-regulated. In WGCNA, the dark green module (7082 genes) showed a significant positive correlation with CC, and the black (1393 genes) module was negatively correlated with CC and RWC. Analysis of the module positively correlated with CC highlighted ribosome synthesis and plant hormone signaling as the most significant pathways. Potassium transporter 8 and monothiol glutaredoxin were reported as the topmost hub genes in the dark green module. In Clust analysis, 2987 genes were found to display a correlation with increasing CC and RWC. Furthermore, the pathway analysis of these clusters identified the ribosome and thermogenesis as positive regulators of RWC and CC, respectively. Our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating CC and RWC in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshraj Shinde
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Ambika Dudhate
- Sequencing and Discovery Genomics Center, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Atul Sathe
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Neha Paserkar
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sopan Ganpatrao Wagh
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ulhas Sopanrao Kadam
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Division of Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-Daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kudapa H, Barmukh R, Vemuri H, Gorthy S, Pinnamaneni R, Vetriventhan M, Srivastava RK, Joshi P, Habyarimana E, Gupta SK, Govindaraj M. Genetic and genomic interventions in crop biofortification: Examples in millets. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1123655. [PMID: 36950360 PMCID: PMC10025513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1123655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious threat to the developing world's human population, which largely relies on a cereal-based diet that lacks diversity and micronutrients. Besides major cereals, millets represent the key sources of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals for people residing in the dryland tropics and drought-prone areas of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Millets serve as multi-purpose crops with several salient traits including tolerance to abiotic stresses, adaptation to diverse agro-ecologies, higher productivity in nutrient-poor soils, and rich nutritional characteristics. Considering the potential of millets in empowering smallholder farmers, adapting to changing climate, and transforming agrifood systems, the year 2023 has been declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Millets. In this review, we highlight recent genetic and genomic innovations that can be explored to enhance grain micronutrient density in millets. We summarize the advances made in high-throughput phenotyping to accurately measure grain micronutrient content in cereals. We shed light on genetic diversity in millet germplasm collections existing globally that can be exploited for developing nutrient-dense and high-yielding varieties to address food and nutritional security. Furthermore, we describe the progress made in the fields of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics with an emphasis on enhancing the grain nutritional content for designing competitive biofortified varieties for the future. Considering the close genetic-relatedness within cereals, upcoming research should focus on identifying the genetic and genomic basis of nutritional traits in millets and introgressing them into major cereals through integrated omics approaches. Recent breakthroughs in the genome editing toolbox would be crucial for mainstreaming biofortification in millets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Rutwik Barmukh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Hindu Vemuri
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Sunita Gorthy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | | | - Mani Vetriventhan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Priyanka Joshi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Ephrem Habyarimana
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - S. K. Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
- HarvestPlus Program, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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16
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Yan H, Sun M, Zhang Z, Jin Y, Zhang A, Lin C, Wu B, He M, Xu B, Wang J, Qin P, Mendieta JP, Nie G, Wang J, Jones CS, Feng G, Srivastava RK, Zhang X, Bombarely A, Luo D, Jin L, Peng Y, Wang X, Ji Y, Tian S, Huang L. Pangenomic analysis identifies structural variation associated with heat tolerance in pearl millet. Nat Genet 2023; 55:507-518. [PMID: 36864101 PMCID: PMC10011142 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important cereal crop worldwide and shows superior heat tolerance. Here, we developed a graph-based pan-genome by assembling ten chromosomal genomes with one existing assembly adapted to different climates worldwide and captured 424,085 genomic structural variations (SVs). Comparative genomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed the expansion of the RWP-RK transcription factor family and the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related genes in heat tolerance. The overexpression of one RWP-RK gene led to enhanced plant heat tolerance and transactivated ER-related genes quickly, supporting the important roles of RWP-RK transcription factors and ER system in heat tolerance. Furthermore, we found that some SVs affected the gene expression associated with heat tolerance and SVs surrounding ER-related genes shaped adaptation to heat tolerance during domestication in the population. Our study provides a comprehensive genomic resource revealing insights into heat tolerance and laying a foundation for generating more robust crops under the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Yan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Min Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yarong Jin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuang Lin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingchao Wu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Source and Environmental Conservation, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Gang Nie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chris S Jones
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, UPV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanying Peng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
- Department of Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Shrestha N, Hu H, Shrestha K, Doust AN. Pearl millet response to drought: A review. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1059574. [PMID: 36844091 PMCID: PMC9955113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1059574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The C4 grass pearl millet is one of the most drought tolerant cereals and is primarily grown in marginal areas where annual rainfall is low and intermittent. It was domesticated in sub-Saharan Africa, and several studies have found that it uses a combination of morphological and physiological traits to successfully resist drought. This review explores the short term and long-term responses of pearl millet that enables it to either tolerate, avoid, escape, or recover from drought stress. The response to short term drought reveals fine tuning of osmotic adjustment, stomatal conductance, and ROS scavenging ability, along with ABA and ethylene transduction. Equally important are longer term developmental plasticity in tillering, root development, leaf adaptations and flowering time that can both help avoid the worst water stress and recover some of the yield losses via asynchronous tiller production. We examine genes related to drought resistance that were identified through individual transcriptomic studies and through our combined analysis of previous studies. From the combined analysis, we found 94 genes that were differentially expressed in both vegetative and reproductive stages under drought stress. Among them is a tight cluster of genes that are directly related to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as carbon metabolism, and hormonal pathways. We suggest that knowledge of gene expression patterns in tiller buds, inflorescences and rooting tips will be important for understanding the growth responses of pearl millet and the trade-offs at play in the response of this crop to drought. Much remains to be learnt about how pearl millet's unique combination of genetic and physiological mechanisms allow it to achieve such high drought tolerance, and the answers to be found may well be useful for crops other than just pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikee Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Andrew N. Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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18
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Vidhyalakshmi R, Meera MS. Dry heat and ultrasonication treatment of pearl millet flour: effect on thermal, structural, and in-vitro digestibility properties of starch. Food Measure 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Ravichandran PK, Munusamy C. Optimization of reduced Graphene oxide synthesis using central composite design analysis-A waste to value approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:28259-28273. [PMID: 36396762 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, reduced graphene oxide has gained more attention in various fields. In our study, a direct synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using a novel carbon-rich agro-waste from Pennisetum glaucum was used. Ferrocene acted as an oxidizing agent during thermal degradation at 300 °C for 15 and 20 min to promote graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide formation. The X-ray diffraction peak at 2θ indicating a shift from 16.86 to 24.28°, presence of functional groups like -OH stretching, -C = C-, C = O, C-O, and C-OH by Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, prominent D and G bands at 1308 cm-1 and 1578 cm-1 by Raman spectra and UV-visible spectroscopy peak shift from 235 to 245 nm (π-π*, C = C bonds) confirmed the reduction of graphene oxide to reduced graphene oxide. The average particle size values 233.3 nm for graphene oxide and 63.57 nm for reduced graphene oxide illustrate the nanoscale range of our synthesized material. The negative zeta potential values in the range - 45.5 mV and - 29.5 mV for graphene oxide and its reduced forms infer the dispersion stability along with surface oxygen group presence. We have also highlighted the formation of graphene oxide quantum dots by magnetic stirring and confirmed by UV transilluminator and photoluminescence spectra. The photodegradation efficiency was optimized using central composite design for dosage, dye concentration, pH, and time for both malachite green and reactive blue dye. The kinetic studies report pseudo-first-order kinetic model for catalytic degradation and statistical Analysis of variance proved the significance of the process for p value < 0.05. Thus, the synthesized graphene materials could be used as a potential candidate for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chamundeeswari Munusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, 600 119, India.
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20
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Chanwala J, Khadanga B, Jha DK, Sandeep IS, Dey N. MYB Transcription Factor Family in Pearl Millet: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Progression and Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stress and Phytohormone Treatments. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12020355. [PMID: 36679070 PMCID: PMC9865524 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are the regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches in controlling stress-responsive gene expression. Among them, the MYB transcription factor family is one of the largest TF family in plants, playing a significant role in plant growth, development, phytohormone signaling and stress-responsive processes. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is one of the most important C4 crop plants of the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Southeast Asia for sustaining food and fodder production. To explore the evolutionary mechanism and functional diversity of the MYB family in pearl millet, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide survey and identified 279 MYB TFs (PgMYB) in pearl millet, distributed unevenly across seven chromosomes of pearl millet. A phylogenetic analysis of the identified PgMYBs classified them into 18 subgroups, and members of the same group showed a similar gene structure and conserved motif/s pattern. Further, duplication events were identified in pearl millet that indicated towards evolutionary progression and expansion of the MYB family. Transcriptome data and relative expression analysis by qRT-PCR identified differentially expressed candidate PgMYBs (PgMYB2, PgMYB9, PgMYB88 and PgMYB151) under dehydration, salinity, heat stress and phytohormone (ABA, SA and MeJA) treatment. Taken together, this study provides valuable information for a prospective functional characterization of the MYB family members of pearl millet and their application in the genetic improvement of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeky Chanwala
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Badrinath Khadanga
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jha
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Inavolu Sriram Sandeep
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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21
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Bhardwaj M, Sandhu KS, Saxena D. Mathematical modelling and characterization of starch nanocrystals synthesized from pearl millet varieties with different amylose content. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Bhardwaj
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology Longowal 148106 India
| | | | - D.C. Saxena
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology Longowal 148106 India
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Kong D, Khan SA, Wu H, Liu Y, Ling HQ. Biofortification of iron and zinc in rice and wheat. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:1157-1167. [PMID: 35396901 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron and zinc are critical micronutrients for human health. Approximately two billion people suffer from iron and zinc deficiencies worldwide, most of whom rely on rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as staple foods. Therefore, biofortifying rice and wheat with iron and zinc is an important and economical approach to ameliorate these nutritional deficiencies. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to iron and zinc uptake, translocation, storage, and signaling pathways in rice and wheat. We then discuss current progress in efforts to biofortify rice and wheat with iron and zinc. Finally, we provide future perspectives for the biofortification of rice and wheat with iron and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Kong
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, 332900, Jiangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sabaz Ali Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad-Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Huilan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, 332900, Jiangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Pujar M, Govindaraj M, Gangaprasad S, Kanatti A, Gowda TH, Dushyantha Kumar BM, Satish KM. Generation Mean Analysis Reveals the Predominant Gene Effects for Grain Iron and Zinc Contents in Pearl Millet. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:693680. [PMID: 35154168 PMCID: PMC8831551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.693680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a climate-resilient dryland cereal that has been identified as a potential staple food crop that can contribute to alleviating micronutrient malnutrition, particularly with respect to grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents, in Sub-Saharan Africa and India. In this regard, an understanding of the inheritance pattern of genes involved in Fe and Zn contents is vital for devising appropriate breeding methods to genetically enhance their levels in grains. In this study, we aimed to determine the genetic effects underlying such inheritance and their interactions based on the generation mean analyses. Four experimental crosses and their six generations (P1, P2, F1, BCP1, BCP2, and F2) were independently evaluated in a compact family block design in 2017 rainy and 2018 summer seasons. ANOVA revealed highly significant mean squares (p < 0.01) among different generations for grain Fe and Zn contents. Six-parameter generation mean analyses revealed a predominance of additive genetic effect and a significant (p < 0.05) additive × dominant interaction for the grain Fe content. The additive genetic effect for the grain Zn content was also highly significant (p < 0.01). However, interaction effects contributed minimally with respect to most of the crosses for the grain Zn content and hence we assume that a simple digenic inheritance pattern holds true for it. Furthermore, we established that narrow-sense heritability was high for the grain Fe content (>61.78%), whereas it was low to moderate for the grain Zn content (30.60-59.04%). The lack of superior parent heterosis coupled with non-significant inbreeding depression for Fe and Zn contents in grains further confirmed the predominance of an additive genetic effect. These findings will contribute to strategizing a comprehensive breeding method to exploit the available variability of grain Fe and Zn contents for the development of biofortified hybrids of pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Pujar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga, Shivamogga, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- Alliance of Bioversity International, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - S. Gangaprasad
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga, Shivamogga, India
| | - Anand Kanatti
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - T. H. Gowda
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga, Shivamogga, India
| | - B. M. Dushyantha Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga, Shivamogga, India
| | - K. M. Satish
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural and Horticulatural Sciences, Shimoga, Shivamogga, India
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