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Uzaki M, Mori T, Sato M, Wakazaki M, Takeda-Kamiya N, Yamamoto K, Murakami A, Guerrero DAS, Shichijo C, Ohnishi M, Ishizaki K, Fukaki H, O'Connor SE, Toyooka K, Mimura T, Hirai MY. Integration of cell differentiation and initiation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism in seed germination of Catharanthus roseus. New Phytol 2024; 242:1156-1171. [PMID: 38513692 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In Catharanthus roseus, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are produced through the cooperation of four cell types, with final products accumulating in specialized cells known as idioblasts and laticifers. To explore the relationship between cellular differentiation and cell type-specific MIA metabolism, we analyzed the expression of MIA biosynthesis in germinating seeds. Embryos from immature and mature seeds were observed via stereomicroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy. Time-series MIA and iridoid quantification, along with transcriptome analysis, were conducted to determine the initiation of MIA biosynthesis. In addition, the localization of MIAs was examined using alkaloid staining and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). Laticifers were present in embryos before seed maturation. MIA biosynthesis commenced 12 h after germination. MIAs accumulated in laticifers of embryos following seed germination, and MIA metabolism is induced after germination in a tissue-specific manner. These findings suggest that cellular morphological differentiation precedes metabolic differentiation. Considering the well-known toxicity and defense role of MIAs in matured plants, MIAs may be an important defense strategy already in the delicate developmental phase of seed germination, and biosynthesis and accumulation of MIAs may require the tissue and cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Uzaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Takeda-Kamiya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamamoto
- School of Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Akio Murakami
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Delia Ayled Serna Guerrero
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Chizuko Shichijo
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miwa Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- The Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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Guedes JG, Ribeiro R, Carqueijeiro I, Guimarães AL, Bispo C, Archer J, Azevedo H, Fonseca NA, Sottomayor M. The leaf idioblastome of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus is associated with stress resistance and alkaloid metabolism. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:274-299. [PMID: 37804484 PMCID: PMC10735432 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus leaves produce a range of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) that include low levels of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. The MIA pathway displays a complex architecture spanning different subcellular and cell type localizations, and is under complex regulation. As a result, the development of strategies to increase the levels of the anticancer MIAs has remained elusive. The pathway involves mesophyll specialized idioblasts where the late unsolved biosynthetic steps are thought to occur. Here, protoplasts of C. roseus leaf idioblasts were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and their differential alkaloid and transcriptomic profiles were characterized. This involved the assembly of an improved C. roseus transcriptome from short- and long-read data, IDIO+. It was observed that C. roseus mesophyll idioblasts possess a distinctive transcriptomic profile associated with protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, and indicative that this cell type is a carbon sink, in contrast to surrounding mesophyll cells. Moreover, it is shown that idioblasts are a hotspot of alkaloid accumulation, suggesting that their transcriptome may hold the key to the in-depth understanding of the MIA pathway and the success of strategies leading to higher levels of the anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana G Guedes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rogério Ribeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Carqueijeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Guimarães
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Bispo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - John Archer
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Herlander Azevedo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Fonseca
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Mariana Sottomayor
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Yang Y, Ding L, Zhou Y, Guo Z, Yu R, Zhu J. Establishment of recombinant Catharanthus roseus stem cells stably overexpressing ORCA4 for terpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthesis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:783-792. [PMID: 36848864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is a perennial herb of the Apocynaceae family, from which about 200 kinds of alkaloids have been characterized. Most alkaloids from C. roseus are terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are widely used in the clinic for their good antitumor activity. However, they were only biosynthesized in C. roseus, and their content in C. roseus is extremely low. The access to these valuable compounds is by plant extraction or chemical semisynthesis from their precursors catharanthine and vindoline. Since catharanthine and vindoline are also obtained from C. roseus, the supply of vinblastine and vincristine makes it difficult to meet market demands. Therefore, how to improve the yield of TIAs is an attractive issue. In this study, we compared the regulatory effect of two critical transcription factors, octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 3 (ORCA3) and octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 4 (ORCA4), on the biosynthesis of TIAs in C. roseus. The results showed that overexpressing both two transcription factors could increase the accumulation of TIAs. The effect was more significant when ORCA4 was overexpressed. To acquire C. roseus TIAs on a continuous and consistent basis, we then created and acquired C. roseus stem cells stably overexpressing ORCA4. This is the first time a recombinant C. roseus stem cell system with stable ORCA4 overexpression has been developed, which not only provides new ideas for future research in this area but also breaches new life into the industrial application of using plant cell culture to obtain natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Yang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liuyu Ding
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zizheng Guo
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Li F, Bordeleau S, Kim KH, Turcotte J, Davis B, Liu L, Bayen S, De Luca V, Dastmalchi M. A lesion-mimic mutant of Catharanthus roseus accumulates the opioid agonist, akuammicine. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113422. [PMID: 36055422 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant that produces an abundance of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), notably including the anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. While the canonical pathway leading to these drugs has been resolved, the regulatory and catalytic mechanisms controlling many lateral branches of MIA biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Here, we describe an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) C. roseus mutant (M2-117523) that accumulates high levels of MIAs. The mutant exhibited stunted growth, partially chlorotic leaves, with deficiencies in chlorophyll biosynthesis, and a lesion-mimic phenotype. The lesions were sporadic and spontaneous, appearing after the first true bifoliate and continuing throughout development. The lesions are also the site of high concentrations of akuammicine, a minor constituent of wild type C. roseus leaves. In addition to akuammicine, the lesions were enriched in 25 other MIAs, resulting, in part, from a higher metabolic flux through the pathway. The unique metabolic shift was associated with significant upregulation of biosynthetic and regulatory genes involved in the MIA pathway, including the transcription factors WRKY1, CrMYC2, and ORCA2, and the biosynthetic genes STR, GO, and Redox1. Following the lesion-mimic mutant (LMM) phenotype, the accumulation of akuammicine is jasmonate (JA)-inducible, suggesting a role in plant defence response. Akuammicine is medicinally significant, as a weak opioid agonist, with a preference for the κ-opioid receptor, and a potential anti-diabetic. Further study of akuammicine biosynthesis and regulation can guide plant and heterologous engineering for medicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Li
- Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Stephen Bordeleau
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jonathan Turcotte
- Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Benjamin Davis
- Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Lan Liu
- Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Mehran Dastmalchi
- Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Godbole RC, Pable AA, Singh S, Barvkar VT. Interplay of transcription factors orchestrating the biosynthesis of plant alkaloids. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:250. [PMID: 36051988 PMCID: PMC9424429 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a range of secondary metabolites primarily as defence molecules. A plant has to invest considerable energy to synthesise alkaloids, and sometimes they are even toxic to themselves. Hence, the biosynthesis of alkaloids is a spatiotemporally regulated process under quantitative feedback regulation which is accomplished by the signal reception, transcriptional/translational regulation, transport, storage and accumulation. The transcription factors (TFs) initiate the biosynthesis of alkaloids after appropriate cues. The present study recapitulates last decade understanding of the role of TFs in alkaloid biosynthesis. The present review discusses TF families, viz. AP2/ERF, bHLH, WRKY, MYB involved in the biosynthesis of various types of alkaloids. It also highlights the role of the jasmonic acid cascade and post-translational modifications of TF proteins. A thorough understanding of TFs will help us to decide a strategy to facilitate successful pathway manipulation and in vitro production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha C. Godbole
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Anupama A. Pable
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - Vitthal T. Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
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Morey KJ, Peebles CAM. Hairy roots: An untapped potential for production of plant products. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:937095. [PMID: 35991443 PMCID: PMC9389236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.937095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While plants are an abundant source of valuable natural products, it is often challenging to produce those products for commercial application. Often organic synthesis is too expensive for a viable commercial product and the biosynthetic pathways are often so complex that transferring them to a microorganism is not trivial or feasible. For plants not suited to agricultural production of natural products, hairy root cultures offer an attractive option for a production platform which offers genetic and biochemical stability, fast growth, and a hormone free culture media. Advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools to engineer hairy roots along with bioreactor technology is to a point where commercial application of the technology will soon be realized. We discuss different applications of hairy roots. We also use a case study of the advancements in understanding of the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots to illustrate the advancements and challenges in pathway discovery and in pathway engineering.
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Singh SK, Patra B, Singleton JJ, Liu Y, Paul P, Sui X, Suttipanta N, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Identification and Characterization of Transcription Factors Regulating Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2505:203-221. [PMID: 35732947 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2349-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the therapeutically valuable terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, is one of the most elaborate and complex metabolic processes. Although genomic and transcriptomic resources have significantly accelerated gene discovery in the TIA pathway, relatively few genes of transcription factors (TFs) have been identified and characterized thus far. Systematic identification of TFs and elucidation of their functions are crucial for understanding TIA pathway regulation. The successful discovery of TFs in the TIA pathway has relied mostly on three different approaches, (1) identification of cis-regulatory motifs (CRMs) present in the pathway gene promoters as they often provide clues on potential TFs that bind to the promoters, (2) co-expression analysis, based on the assumption that TFs regulating a metabolic or developmental pathway exhibit similar spatiotemporal expression as the pathway genes, and (3) isolation of homologs of TFs known to regulate structurally similar or diverse specialized metabolites in different plant species. TFs regulating TIA pathway have been isolated using either an individual or a combination of the three approaches. Here we describe transcriptome-based coexpression analysis and cis-element determination to identify TFs in C. roseus. In addition, we describe the protocols for generation of transgenic hairy roots, Agrobacterium infiltration of flowers, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The methods described here are useful for the identification and characterization of potential TFs involved in the regulation of special metabolism in other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joshua J Singleton
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Nitima Suttipanta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubonratchathani, Thailand
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Sharma MK, Kumar M, Renu. Biosynthesis and Modulation of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus: A Review of Targeting Genes and Secondary Metabolites. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2021; 15:1745-1758. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant C. roseus synthesizes biologically active alkaloids via the terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIAs) biosynthetic pathway. Most of these alkaloids have high therapeutic value, such as vinblastine and vincristine. Plant signaling components, plant hormones, precursors, growth hormones, prenylated proteins, and transcriptomic factors regulate the complex networks of TIA biosynthesis. For many years, researchers have been evaluating the scientific value of the TIA biosynthetic pathway and its potential in commercial applications for market opportunities. Metabolic engineering has revealed the major blocks in metabolic pathways regulated at the molecular level, unknown structures, metabolites, genes, enzyme expression, and regulatory genes. Conceptually, this information is necessary to create transgenic plants and microorganisms for the commercial production of high-value dimer alkaloids, such as vinca alkaloids, vinblastine, and vincristine In this review, we present current knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of these components in the C. roseus TIA pathway, from genes to metabolites.
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Marzban M, Farahani F, Atyabi SM, Noormohammadi Z. Induced genetic and chemical changes in medicinally important plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don: cold plasma and phytohormones. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:31-38. [PMID: 34773551 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06789-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Donis a medicinal plant species belonging to the Apocynaceae family, which produces vinblastine and vincristine along with 100 other monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. The process of biosynthesis of C. roseus alkaloids is complex, in which many genes, enzymes, and regulators are involved. Induced mutations may be considered as a potential source for producing a higher amount of vinblastine and vincristine in this plant species. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of different treatments utilized on the induced genetic changes in C. roseus plants and enzyme activities. METHODS AND RESULTS Spermine, jasmonic acid, methyjasmonate, putrescine, and cold plasma treatments were used for seed treatments. Different molecular markers, namely inter simple sequence repeat, inter retrotransposon amplified polymorphism, and retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism were employed to reveal the induced genetic changes. Antioxidant enzyme activities were also studied. The treated plants showed genetic variability and a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activity compared to the control plants. The putrescine treatment resulted in the highest level of activity in superoxidase. A significant positive correlation occurred between the molecular markers data and antioxidant enzyme activities in treated plants. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that the different phytohormones and cold plasma treatments could induce both genetic and chemical content changes in C. roseus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Marzban
- Biology Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farah Farahani
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Atyabi
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Biology Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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