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Yu X, Yu J, Liu S, Liu M, Wang K, Zhao M, Wang Y, Chen P, Lei J, Wang Y, Zhang M. Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Integrated Analysis of a UGT Gene Involved in Ginsenoside Ro Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:604. [PMID: 38475452 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Panax ginseng as a traditional medicinal plant with a long history of medicinal use. Ginsenoside Ro is the only oleanane-type ginsenoside in ginseng, and has various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, detoxification, and antithrombotic activities. UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) plays a key role in the synthesis of ginsenoside, and the excavation of UGT genes involved in the biosynthesis of ginsenoside Ro has great significance in enriching ginsenoside genetic resources and further revealing the synthesis mechanism of ginsenoside. In this work, ginsenoside-Ro-synthesis-related genes were mined using the P. ginseng reference-free transcriptome database. Fourteen hub transcripts were identified by differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Phylogenetic and synteny block analyses of PgUGAT252645, a UGT transcript among the hub transcripts, showed that PgUGAT252645 belonged to the UGT73 subfamily and was relatively conserved in ginseng plants. Functional analysis showed that PgUGAT252645 encodes a glucuronosyltransferase that catalyzes the glucuronide modification of the C3 position of oleanolic acid using uridine diphosphate glucuronide as the substrate. Furthermore, the mutation at 622 bp of its open reading frame resulted in amino acid substitutions that may significantly affect the catalytic activity of the enzyme, and, as a consequence, affect the biosynthesis of ginsenoside Ro. Results of the in vitro enzyme activity assay of the heterologous expression product in E. coli of PgUGAT252645 verified the above analyses. The function of PgUGAT252645 was further verified by the result that its overexpression in ginseng adventitious roots significantly increased the content of ginsenoside Ro. The present work identified a new UGT gene involved in the biosynthesis of ginsenoside Ro, which not only enriches the functional genes in the ginsenoside synthesis pathway, but also provides the technical basis and theoretical basis for the in-depth excavation of ginsenoside-synthesis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jinghui Yu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sizhang Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Kangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
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Liu C, Lv T, Shen Y, Liu T, Liu M, Hu J, Liu S, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Zhao M, Wang K, Wang Y. Genome-wide identification and integrated analysis of TCP genes controlling ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38216888 PMCID: PMC10787463 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Panax ginseng is an important medicinal plant, and ginsenosides are the main bioactive molecules of ginseng. The TCP (TBI, CYC, PCF) family is a group of transcription factors (TFs) that play an important role in plant growth and development, hormone signalling and synthesis of secondary metabolites. In our study, 78 PgTCP transcripts were identified from the established ginseng transcriptome database. A phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the 67 PgTCP transcripts with complete open reading frames were classified into three subfamilies, including CIN, PCF, and CYC/TB1. Protein structure analysis showed that PgTCP genes had bHLH structures. Chromosomal localization analysis showed that 63 PgTCP genes were localized on 17 of the 24 chromosomes of the Chinese ginseng genome. Expression pattern analysis showed that PgTCP genes differed among different lineages and were spatiotemporally specific. Coexpression network analysis indicated that PgTCP genes were coexpressed and involved in plant activities or metabolic regulation in ginseng. The expression levels of PgTCP genes from class I (PCF) were significantly downregulated, while the expression levels of PgTCP genes from class II (CIN and CYC/TB1) were upregulated, suggesting that TCP genes may be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism in ginseng. As the PgTCP26-02 gene was found to be related to ginsenoside synthesis, its predicted protein structure and expression pattern were further analysed. Our results provide new insights into the origin, differentiation, evolution and function of the PgTCP gene family in ginseng, as well as the regulation of plant secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Tingting Lv
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yanhua Shen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Sizhang Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| | - Kangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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