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Samperna S, Zanotti C, Scafato P, Boari A, Visconti S, Vurro M, Superchi S, Evidente A, Marra M. (±)-3-Deoxyradicinin Induces Stomata Opening and Chloroplast Oxidative Stress in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108467. [PMID: 37239812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Radicinin is a phytotoxic dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione isolated from the culture filtrates of Cochliobolus australiensis, a phytopathogenic fungus of the invasive weed buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Radicinin proved to have interesting potential as a natural herbicide. Being interested in elucidating the mechanism of action and considering radicinin is produced in small quantities by C. australiensis, we opted to use (±)-3-deoxyradicinin, a synthetic analogue of radicinin that is available in larger quantities and shows radicinin-like phytotoxic activities. To obtain information about subcellular targets and mechanism(s) of action of the toxin, the study was carried out by using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which, apart from its economic relevance, has become a model plant species for physiological and molecular studies. Results of biochemical assays showed that (±)-3-deoxyradicinin administration to leaves induced chlorosis, ion leakage, hydrogen peroxide production, and membrane lipid peroxidation. Remarkably, the compound determined the uncontrolled opening of stomata, which, in turn, resulted in plant wilting. Confocal microscopy analysis of protoplasts treated with (±)-3-deoxyradicinin ascertained that the toxin targeted chloroplasts, eliciting an overproduction of reactive singlet oxygen species. This oxidative stress status was related by qRT-PCR experiments to the activation of transcription of genes of a chloroplast-specific pathway of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Samperna
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Clarissa Zanotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scafato
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Angela Boari
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabina Visconti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Marra
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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De Benedictis M, Gallo A, Migoni D, Papadia P, Roversi P, Santino A. Cadmium treatment induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in Arabidopsisthaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:281-290. [PMID: 36736010 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report about the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to chronic and temporary Cd2+ stress, and the Cd2+ induced activation of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). Cd2+-induced UPR proceeds mainly through the bZIP60 arm, which in turn activates relevant ER stress marker genes such as BiP3, CNX, PDI5 and ERdj3B in a concentration- (chronic stress) or time- (temporary stress) dependent manner. A more severe Cd-stress triggers programmed cell death (PCD) through the activation of the NAC089 transcription factor. Toxic effects of Cd2+ exposure are reduced in the Atbzip28/bzip60 double mutant in terms of primary root length and fresh shoot weight, likely due to reduced UPR and PCD activation. We also hypothesised that the enhanced Cd2+ tolerance of the Atbzip28/bzip60 double mutant is due to an increase in brassinosteroids signaling, since the amount of the brassinosteroid insensitive1 receptor (BRI1) protein decreases under Cd2+ stress only in Wt plants. These data highlight the complexity of the UPR pathway, since the ER stress response is strictly related to the type of the treatment applied and the multifaceted connections of ER signaling. The reduced sensing of Cd2+ stress in plants with UPR defects can be used as a novel strategy for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Benedictis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, C.N.R., Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonia Gallo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, C.N.R., Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Di.S.Te.B.A. (Dipartimento di Scienze e Technologie Biologic e Ambientali), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Paride Papadia
- Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Di.S.Te.B.A. (Dipartimento di Scienze e Technologie Biologic e Ambientali), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Roversi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, C.N.R., Unit of Milan, Milano, Italy; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, C.N.R., Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
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De Pascale S, Troise AD, Petriccione M, Nunziata A, Cice D, Magri A, Salzano AM, Scaloni A. Investigating phenotypic relationships in persimmon accessions through integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis of corresponding fruits. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1093074. [PMID: 36794209 PMCID: PMC9923171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1093074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Together with phenological and genomic approaches, gel-based and label-free proteomic as well metabolomic procedures were separately applied to plants to highlight differences between ecotypes, to estimate genetic variability within/between organism populations, or to characterize specific mutants/genetically modified lines at metabolic level. To investigate the possible use of tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics in the above-mentioned contexts and based on the absence of combined proteo-metabolomic studies on Diospyros kaki cultivars, we here applied integrated proteomic and metabolomic approaches to fruits from Italian persimmon ecotypes with the aim to characterize plant phenotypic diversity at molecular level. We identified 2255 proteins in fruits, assigning 102 differentially represented components between cultivars, including some related to pomological, nutritional and allergenic characteristics. Thirty-three polyphenols were also identified and quantified, which belong to hydroxybenzoic acid, flavanol, hydroxycinnamic acid, flavonol, flavanone and dihydrochalcone sub-classes. Heat-map representation of quantitative proteomic and metabolomic results highlighted compound representation differences in various accessions, whose elaboration through Euclidean distance functions and other linkage methods defined dendrograms establishing phenotypic relationships between cultivars. Principal component analysis of proteomic and metabolomic data provided clear information on phenotypic differences/similarities between persimmon accessions. Coherent cultivar association results were observed between proteomic and metabolomic data, emphasizing the utility of integrating combined omic approaches to identify and validate phenotypic relationships between ecotypes, and to estimate corresponding variability and distance. Accordingly, this study describes an original, combined approach to outline phenotypic signatures in persimmon cultivars, which may be used for a further characterization of other ecotypes of the same species and an improved description of nutritional characteristics of corresponding fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina De Pascale
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Caserta, Italy
| | - Angelina Nunziata
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Caserta, Italy
| | - Danilo Cice
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Magri
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Caserta, Italy
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
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Samperna S, Masi M, Vurro M, Evidente A, Marra M. Cyclopaldic Acid, the Main Phytotoxic Metabolite of Diplodia cupressi, Induces Programmed Cell Death and Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:474. [PMID: 35878212 PMCID: PMC9325063 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopaldic acid is one of the main phytotoxic metabolites produced by fungal pathogens of the genus Seiridium, causal agents, among others, of the canker disease of plants of the Cupressaceae family. Previous studies showed that the metabolite can partially reproduce the symptoms of the infection and that it is toxic to different plant species, thereby proving to be a non-specific phytotoxin. Despite the remarkable biological effects of the compound, which revealed also insecticidal, fungicidal and herbicidal properties, information about its mode of action is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of cyclopaldic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana plants and protoplasts, in order to get information about subcellular targets and mechanism of action. Results of biochemical assays showed that cyclopaldic acid induced leaf chlorosis, ion leakage, membrane-lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide production, inhibited root proton extrusion in vivo and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in vitro. qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated that the toxin elicited the transcription of key regulators of the immune response to necrotrophic fungi, of hormone biosynthesis, as well as of genes involved in senescence and programmed cell death. Confocal microscopy analysis of protoplasts allowed to address the question of subcellular targets of the toxin. Cyclopaldic acid targeted the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, inducing depolarization of the transmembrane potential, mitochondria, disrupting the mitochondrial network and eliciting overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and vacuole, determining tonoplast disgregation and induction of vacuole-mediated programmed cell death and autophagy.
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