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Arranz E, Segat A, Velayos G, Flynn C, Brodkorb A, Giblin L. Dairy and plant based protein beverages: In vitro digestion behaviour and effect on intestinal barrier biomarkers. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112815. [PMID: 37254391 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The consumer demand for protein-enriched food products continues to grow, in parallel with consumers' interest in plant based alternatives. The replacement of milk protein by plant protein is likely to be occur predominantly in prepared consumer foods such as nutritional beverages. This study aimed to compare and contrast powder beverages formulated with commercially available dairy versus plant ingredients in terms of protein digestion and gut barrier health. After simulated static in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the release of free amino acids increased for all model beverages. In addition, the majority of peptides present in digested beverages were < 0.8 kDa in size. Gastrointestinal digestion did not increase the degree of protein hydrolysis in beverages formulated with prehydrolysed milk protein, whey or pea ingredients. A 2 h permeability assessment of digested beverages across the intestinal barrier, using Caco-2/HT-29/MTX co-cultures, revealed reduced transcription of tight junction protein 1, claudin-1 and mucus protein 2 albeit gut barrier impedance was unchanged. IL-8 mRNA levels in cell monolayers was significantly increased with digested fluids treatment but even more so with digesta from hydrolysed milk protein beverage. Overall, the response observed on intestinal biomarkers with digested plant beverages was similar to dairy based beverages supporting the replacement of dairy with plant proteins in powder beverage formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arranz
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Annalisa Segat
- Kerry Group, Global Technology and Innovation Center, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Gemma Velayos
- Kerry Group, Global Technology and Innovation Center, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Cal Flynn
- Kerry Group, Global Technology and Innovation Center, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - André Brodkorb
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland
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Vitalini S, Garzoli S, Sisto F, Pezzani R, Argentieri MP, Scarafoni A, Ciappellano S, Zorzan M, Capraro J, Collazuol D, Iriti M. Digestive and gastroprotective effects of Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata (Wulfen) I.Richardson (syn. A. moschata Wulfen) (Asteraceae): From traditional uses to preclinical studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115670. [PMID: 36038090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata (Wulfen) I.Richardson (syn. A. moschata Wulfen) (Asteraceae) is an alpine endemic plant whose aerial parts are harvested by the locals mainly for the digestive properties. Despite its widespread use, few studies have been conducted to date to verify its bioactivity. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the work was to meet the tradition confirming with experimental data the popular belief that the consumption of this species offers beneficial effects to the gastrointestinal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using Soxhlet apparatus, the dried aerial parts of A. erba-rotta subsp. moschata were successively extracted with petroleum ether (PET), dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). The essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus while infusion (AE) was prepared following the traditional local recipe. Their chemical characterization was performed by various techniques including SPME-GC/MS, GC/MS and HPLC/MS-MS. An in vitro biological screening was carried out. The influence of AE on lipid digestion was monitored by titration of free fatty acids (FFA) during pancreatic lipase activity with the pH-stat method. For all extracts and EO, the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed by the broth microdilution method, the influence on cell viability was evaluated against NCI-N87, OE21 and Caco-2 cell lines and a preliminary toxicity evaluation was done using Brine Shrimp lethality (BSL) assay. The anti-inflammatory potential was evidenced by interleukin IL-1- induced IL8 expression on Caco-2 cells. RESULTS AE increased by 15% the FFA releasing compared to the pancreatic lipase alone. PET, DCM and MeOH extracts as well as AE and EO were considered active against the growth of both antimicrobial susceptible and resistant strains of H. pylori with MIC values starting from 16 μg/mL. PET and DCM (IC50 = 89 μg/mL and 96 μg/mL, respectively, against Caco-2 cell line) extracts showed the high effect on cell viability while the EO reduced in 50% of cell viability at 1.48 μL/mL (NCI-N87 cells), 1.42 μL/mL (OE21 cells), and 3.44 μL/mL (Caco-2 cells) corroborating the BSL results. In different degrees, all extracts and EO inhibited the IL-1β-stimulated IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data are encouraging and provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of A. erba-rotta subsp. moschata as a digestive agent although they need to be further corroborated by studies involving the investigation of both the in vivo activities and the role of the compounds detected in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitalini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sisto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, Padova, 35128, Italy; AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Argentieri
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Alessio Scarafoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Ciappellano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maira Zorzan
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Jessica Capraro
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Collazuol
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
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Heinzl GC, Tretola M, De Benedetti S, Silacci P, Scarafoni A. Lupinus albus γ-Conglutin: New Findings about Its Action at the Intestinal Barrier and a Critical Analysis of the State of the Art on Its Postprandial Glycaemic Regulating Activity. Nutrients 2022; 14:3666. [PMID: 36079925 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Conglutin (γ-C) is the glycoprotein from the edible seed L. albus, studied for long time for its postprandial glycaemic regulating action. It still lacks clear information on what could happen at the meeting point between the protein and the organism: the intestinal barrier. We compared an in vitro system involving Caco-2 and IPEC-J2 cells with an ex vivo system using pig ileum and jejunum segments to study γ-C transport from the apical to the basolateral compartment, and its effects on the D-glucose uptake and glucose transporters protein expression. Finally, we studied its potential in modulating glucose metabolism by assessing the possible inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. RP-HPLC analyses showed that γ-C may be transported to the basolateral side in the in vitro system but not in the pig intestines. γ-C was also able to promote a decrease in glucose uptake in both cells and jejunum independently from the expression of the SGLT1 and GLUT2 transporters.
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Capraro J, De Benedetti S, Di Dio M, Bona E, Abate A, Corsetto PA, Scarafoni A. Characterization of Chenopodin Isoforms from Quinoa Seeds and Assessment of Their Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Caco-2 Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E795. [PMID: 32455586 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several food-derived molecules, including proteins and peptides, can show bioactivities toward the promotion of well-being and disease prevention in humans. There is still a lack of information about the potential effects on immune and inflammatory responses in mammalian cells following the ingestion of seed storage proteins. This study, for the first time, describes the potential immunomodulation capacity of chenopodin, the major protein component of quinoa seeds. After characterizing the molecular features of the purified protein, we were able to separate two different forms of chenopodin, indicated as LcC (Low charge Chenopodin, 30% of total chenopodin) and HcC (High charge Chenopodin, 70% of total chenopodin). The biological effects of LcC and HcC were investigated by measuring NF-κB activation and IL-8 expression studies in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. Inflammation was elicited using IL-1β. The results indicate that LcC and HcC show potential anti-inflammatory activities in an intestinal cell model, and that the proteins can act differently, depending on their structural features. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of action and the structural/functional relationships of the protein at the basis of the observed bioactivity were investigated using in silico analyses and structural predictions.
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