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Mohammadi M, Mansouri K, Mohammadi P, Pournazari M, Najafi H. Exosomes in renal cell carcinoma: challenges and opportunities. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:443. [PMID: 38520545 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer that accounts for approximately 2-3% of adult malignancies. Among the primary treatment methods for this type of cancer are surgery and targeted treatment. Still, due to less than optimal effectiveness, there are problems such as advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance that continue to plague patients. In recent years, therapeutic advances have increased life expectancy and effective treatment in renal cell carcinoma patients. One of these methods is the use of stem cells. Although the therapeutic effects of stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, are still impressive, today, extracellular vesicles (EVs) as carrying molecules and various mediators in intercellular communications, having a central role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response, and on the other hand, due to its low immunogenicity and strong regulatory properties of the immune system, has received much attention from researchers and doctors. Despite the increasing interest in exosomes as the most versatile type of EVs, the heterogeneity of their efficacy presents challenges and, on the other hand, exciting opportunities for diagnostic and clinical interventions.In the upcoming article, we will review the various aspects of exosomes' effects in the prevention, treatment, and progress of renal cell carcinoma and also ways to optimize them to strengthen their positive sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehran Pournazari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Houshang Najafi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Morais M, Machado V, Figueiredo P, Dias F, Craveiro R, Lencart J, Palmeira C, Mikkonen KS, Teixeira AL, Medeiros R. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as Enhancers of Everolimus and Radiotherapy Sensitivity on Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2051. [PMID: 38136171 PMCID: PMC10741111 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine's advent has promised to revolutionize different biomedical fields, including oncology. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed promising results in different tumor models. Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is especially challenging due to its late diagnosis, poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Therefore, defining new therapeutic targets and regimens could improve patient management. This study intends to evaluate AgNPs' effect in ccRCC cells and explore their potential combinatory effect with Everolimus and Radiotherapy. AgNPs were synthesized, and their effect was evaluated regarding their entering pathway, cellular proliferation capacity, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assessment. AgNPs were combined with Everolimus or used to sensitize cells to radiotherapy. AgNPs are cytotoxic to 786-O cells, a ccRCC cell line, entering through endocytosis, increasing ROS, depolarizing mitochondrial membrane, and blocking the cell cycle, leading to a reduction of proliferation capacity and apoptosis. Combined with Everolimus, AgNPs reduce cell viability and inhibit proliferation capacity. Moreover, 786-O is intrinsically resistant to radiation, but after AgNPs' administration, radiation induces cytotoxicity through mitochondrial membrane depolarization and S phase blockage. These results demonstrate AgNPs' cytotoxic potential against ccRCC and seem promising regarding the combination with Everolimus and sensitization to radiotherapy, which can, in the future, benefit ccRCC patients' management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morais
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (V.M.); (F.D.); (R.M.)
- ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Machado
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (V.M.); (F.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (P.F.); (K.S.M.)
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (V.M.); (F.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Rogéria Craveiro
- Radiobiology and Radiological Protection Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Joana Lencart
- Radiobiology and Radiological Protection Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.L.)
- Department of Medical Physics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Department of Immunology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (P.F.); (K.S.M.)
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (V.M.); (F.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (V.M.); (F.D.); (R.M.)
- ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Reasearch Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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