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Vaz FM, Ferdinandusse S, Salomons GS, Wanders RJA. Disorders of fatty acid homeostasis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38693715 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans derive fatty acids (FA) from exogenous dietary sources and/or endogenous synthesis from acetyl-CoA, although some FA are solely derived from exogenous sources ("essential FA"). Once inside cells, FA may undergo a wide variety of different modifications, which include their activation to their corresponding CoA ester, the introduction of double bonds, the 2- and ω-hydroxylation and chain elongation, thereby generating a cellular FA pool which can be used for the synthesis of more complex lipids. The biological properties of complex lipids are very much determined by their molecular composition in terms of the FA incorporated into these lipid species. This immediately explains the existence of a range of genetic diseases in man, often with severe clinical consequences caused by variants in one of the many genes coding for enzymes responsible for these FA modifications. It is the purpose of this review to describe the current state of knowledge about FA homeostasis and the genetic diseases involved. This includes the disorders of FA activation, desaturation, 2- and ω-hydroxylation, and chain elongation, but also the disorders of FA breakdown, including disorders of peroxisomal and mitochondrial α- and β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric M Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Schwantje M, Mosegaard S, Knottnerus SJG, van Klinken JB, Wanders RJ, van Lenthe H, Hermans J, IJlst L, Denis SW, Jaspers YRJ, Fuchs SA, Houtkooper RH, Ferdinandusse S, Vaz FM. Tracer-based lipidomics enables the discovery of disease-specific candidate biomarkers in mitochondrial β-oxidation disorders. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23478. [PMID: 38372965 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302163r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Carnitine derivatives of disease-specific acyl-CoAs are the diagnostic hallmark for long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation disorders (lcFAOD), including carnitine shuttle deficiencies, very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MPTD). The exact consequence of accumulating lcFAO-intermediates and their influence on cellular lipid homeostasis is, however, still unknown. To investigate the fate and cellular effects of the accumulating lcFAO-intermediates and to explore the presence of disease-specific markers, we used tracer-based lipidomics with deuterium-labeled oleic acid (D9-C18:1) in lcFAOD patient-derived fibroblasts. In line with previous studies, we observed a trend towards neutral lipid accumulation in lcFAOD. In addition, we detected a direct connection between the chain length and patterns of (un)saturation of accumulating acylcarnitines and the various enzyme deficiencies. Our results also identified two disease-specific candidate biomarkers. Lysophosphatidylcholine(14:1) (LPC(14:1)) was specifically increased in severe VLCADD compared to mild VLCADD and control samples. This was confirmed in plasma samples showing an inverse correlation with enzyme activity, which was better than the classic diagnostic marker C14:1-carnitine. The second candidate biomarker was an unknown lipid class, which we identified as S-(3-hydroxyacyl)cysteamines. We hypothesized that these were degradation products of the CoA moiety of accumulating 3-hydroxyacyl-CoAs. S-(3-hydroxyacyl)cysteamines were significantly increased in LCHADD compared to controls and other lcFAOD, including MTPD. Our findings suggest extensive alternative lipid metabolism in lcFAOD and confirm that lcFAOD accumulate neutral lipid species. In addition, we present two disease-specific candidate biomarkers for VLCADD and LCHADD, that may have significant relevance for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Schwantje
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Signe Mosegaard
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan J G Knottnerus
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Bert van Klinken
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk van Lenthe
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jill Hermans
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone W Denis
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yorrick R J Jaspers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine A Fuchs
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Guerra IMS, Ferreira HB, Maurício T, Pinho M, Diogo L, Moreira S, Goracci L, Bonciarelli S, Melo T, Domingues P, Domingues MR, Moreira ASP. Plasma lipidomics analysis reveals altered profile of triglycerides and phospholipids in children with Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38356271 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most prevalent mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorder. In this study, we assessed the variability of the lipid profile in MCADD by analysing plasma samples obtained from 25 children with metabolically controlled MCADD (following a normal diet with frequent feeding and under l-carnitine supplementation) and 21 paediatric control subjects (CT). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed for the analysis of esterified fatty acids, while high-resolution C18-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse lipid species. We identified a total of 251 lipid species belonging to 15 distinct lipid classes. Principal component analysis revealed a clear distinction between the MCADD and CT groups. Univariate analysis demonstrated that 126 lipid species exhibited significant differences between the two groups. The lipid species that displayed the most pronounced variations included triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, specifically C14:0 and C16:0, which were found to be more abundant in MCADD. The observed changes in the plasma lipidome of children with non-decompensated MCADD suggest an underlying alteration in lipid metabolism. Therefore, longitudinal monitoring and further in-depth investigations are warranted to better understand whether such alterations are specific to MCADD children and their potential long-term impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M S Guerra
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena B Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Maurício
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marisa Pinho
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Diogo
- Reference Center for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases - MetabERN, Portugal
| | - Sónia Moreira
- Reference Center for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases - MetabERN, Portugal
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonciarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies-, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Wurth R, Turgeon C, Stander Z, Oglesbee D. An evaluation of untargeted metabolomics methods to characterize inborn errors of metabolism. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 141:108115. [PMID: 38181458 PMCID: PMC10843816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) encompass a diverse group of disorders that can be difficult to classify due to heterogenous clinical, molecular, and biochemical manifestations. Untargeted metabolomics platforms have become a popular approach to analyze IEM patient samples because of their ability to detect many metabolites at once, accelerating discovery of novel biomarkers, and metabolic mechanisms of disease. However, there are concerns about the reproducibility of untargeted metabolomics research due to the absence of uniform reporting practices, data analyses, and experimental design guidelines. Therefore, we critically evaluated published untargeted metabolomic platforms used to characterize IEMs to summarize the strengths and areas for improvement of this technology as it progresses towards the clinical laboratory. A total of 96 distinct IEMs were collectively evaluated by the included studies. However, most of these IEMs were evaluated by a single untargeted metabolomic method, in a single study, with a limited cohort size (55/96, 57%). The goals of the included studies generally fell into two, often overlapping, categories: detecting known biomarkers from many biochemically distinct IEMs using a single platform, and detecting novel metabolites or metabolic pathways. There was notable diversity in the design of the untargeted metabolomic platforms. Importantly, the majority of studies reported adherence to quality metrics, including the use of quality control samples and internal standards in their experiments, as well as confirmation of at least some of their feature annotations with commercial reference standards. Future applications of untargeted metabolomics platforms to the study of IEMs should move beyond single-subject analyses, and evaluate reproducibility using a prospective, or validation cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wurth
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Coleman Turgeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zinandré Stander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Olejnik A, Gornowicz-Porowska J, Jenerowicz D, Polańska A, Dobrzyńska M, Przysławski J, Sansone A, Ferreri C. Fatty Acids Profile and the Relevance of Membranes as the Target of Nutrition-Based Strategies in Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3857. [PMID: 37686888 PMCID: PMC10489657 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis has increased drastically, especially in urban populations. This multifactorial skin disease is caused by complex interactions between various factors including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and diet. In eczema, apart from using an elimination diet, the adequate content of fatty acids from foods (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) plays an important role as an immunomodulatory agent. Different aspects regarding atopic dermatitis include connections between lipid metabolism in atopic dermatitis, with the importance of the MUFA levels, as well as of the omega-6/omega-3 balance that affects the formation of long-chain (C20 eicosanoic and C22 docosaenoic) fatty acids and bioactive lipids from them (such as prostaglandins). Impair/repair of the functioning of epidermal barrier is influenced by these fatty acid levels. The purpose of this review is to drive attention to membrane fatty acid composition and its involvement as the target of fatty acid supplementation. The membrane-targeted strategy indicates the future direction for dermatological research regarding the use of nutritional synergies, in particular using red blood cell fatty acid profiles as a tool for checking the effects of supplementations to reach the target and influence the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance of lipid mediators. This knowledge gives the opportunity to develop personalized strategies to create a healthy balance by nutrition with an anti-inflammatory outcome in skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Jenerowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Anna Sansone
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
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Vianey-Saban C, Guffon N, Fouilhoux A, Acquaviva C. Fifty years of research on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders: The remaining challenges. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:848-873. [PMID: 37530674 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of the first disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD) in 1973, more than 20 defects have been identified. Although there are some differences, most FAOD have similar clinical signs, which are mainly due to energy depletion and toxicity of accumulated metabolites. However, some of them have an unusual clinical phenotype or specific clinical signs. This manuscript focuses on what we have learnt so far on the pathophysiology of these disorders, which present with clinical signs that are not typical of categorical FAOD. It also highlights that some disorders have not yet been identified and tries to make assumptions to explain why. It also deals with new treatments under consideration in FAOD, including triheptanoin and similar anaplerotic substrates, ketone body treatments, RNA and gene therapy approaches. Finally, it suggests challenges for the diagnosis of FAOD in the coming years, both for symptomatic patients and for those diagnosed through newborn screening. The ultimate goal would be to identify all the patients born with FAOD and ensure for them the best possible quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vianey-Saban
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Guffon
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Alain Fouilhoux
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cécile Acquaviva
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
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Sebaa R, AlMalki RH, Alseraty W, Abdel Rahman AM. A Distinctive Metabolomics Profile and Potential Biomarkers for Very Long Acylcarnitine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (VLCADD) Diagnosis in Newborns. Metabolites 2023; 13:725. [PMID: 37367883 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Very long-chain acylcarnitine dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder associated with fatty acid β-oxidation and characterized by genetic mutations in the ACADVL gene and accumulations of acylcarnitines. VLCADD, developed in neonates or later adults, can be diagnosed using newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) or genetic sequencing. These techniques have limitations, such as a high false discovery rate and variants of uncertain significance (VUS). As a result, an extra diagnostic tool is needed to deliver improved performance and health outcomes. As VLCADD is linked with metabolic disturbance, we postulated that newborn patients with VLCADD could display a distinct metabolomics pattern compared to healthy newborns and other disorders. Herein, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to measure the global metabolites in dried blood spot (DBS) cards collected from VLCADD newborns (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15). Two hundred and six significantly dysregulated endogenous metabolites were identified in VLCADD, in contrast to healthy newborns. Fifty-eight and one hundred and eight up- and down-regulated endogenous metabolites were involved in several pathways such as tryptophan biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and pantothenate, and CoA biosynthesis. Furthermore, biomarker analyses identified 3,4-Dihydroxytetradecanoylcarnitine (AUC = 1), PIP (20:1)/PGF1alpha) (AUC = 0.982), and PIP2 (16:0/22:3) (AUC = 0.978) as potential metabolic biomarkers for VLCADD diagnosis. Our findings showed that compared to healthy newborns, VLCAADD newborns exhibit a distinctive metabolic profile, and identified potential biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis, which improves the identification of the affected patients earlier. This allows for the timely administration of proper treatments, leading to improved health. However, further studies with large independent cohorts of VLCADD patients with different ages and phenotypes need to be studied to validate our potential diagnostic biomarkers and their specificity and accuracy during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Sebaa
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi 17472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem H AlMalki
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Alseraty
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi 17472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Zandl-Lang M, Plecko B, Köfeler H. Lipidomics-Paving the Road towards Better Insight and Precision Medicine in Rare Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021709. [PMID: 36675224 PMCID: PMC9866746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the application of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has significantly facilitated the identification of disease-associated mutations, the diagnostic rate of rare diseases is still below 50%. This causes a diagnostic odyssey and prevents specific treatment, as well as genetic counseling for further family planning. Increasing the diagnostic rate and reducing the time to diagnosis in children with unclear disease are crucial for a better patient outcome and improvement of quality of life. In many cases, NGS reveals variants of unknown significance (VUS) that need further investigations. The delineation of novel (lipid) biomarkers is not only crucial to prove the pathogenicity of VUS, but provides surrogate parameters for the monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic interventions. Lipids are essential organic compounds in living organisms, serving as building blocks for cellular membranes, energy storage and signaling molecules. Among other disorders, an imbalance in lipid homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation, vascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, analyzing lipids in biological samples provides great insight into the underlying functional role of lipids in healthy and disease statuses. The method of choice for lipid analysis and/or huge assemblies of lipids (=lipidome) is mass spectrometry due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Due to the inherent chemical complexity of the lipidome and the consequent challenges associated with analyzing it, progress in the field of lipidomics has lagged behind other omics disciplines. However, compared to the previous decade, the output of publications on lipidomics has increased more than 17-fold within the last decade and has, therefore, become one of the fastest-growing research fields. Combining multiple omics approaches will provide a unique and efficient tool for determining pathogenicity of VUS at the functional level, and thereby identifying rare, as well as novel, genetic disorders by molecular techniques and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zandl-Lang
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, ZMF, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Zhao XJ, Mohsen AW, Mihalik S, Solo K, Aliu E, Shi H, Basu S, Kochersperger C, Van't Land C, Karunanidhi A, Coughlan KA, Siddiqui S, Rice LM, Hillier S, Guadagnin E, Giangrande PH, Martini PGV, Vockley J. Synthetic mRNA rescues very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in patient fibroblasts and a murine model. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:106982. [PMID: 36580829 PMCID: PMC9877169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is an inborn error of long chain fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) with limited treatment options. Patients present with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes affecting predominantly heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. While VLCAD deficiency is a systemic disease, restoration of liver FAO has the potential to improve symptoms more broadly due to increased total body ATP production and reduced accumulation of potentially toxic metabolites. We explored the use of synthetic human VLCAD (hVLCAD) mRNA and lipid nanoparticle encapsulated hVLCAD mRNA (LNP-VLCAD) to generate functional VLCAD enzyme in patient fibroblasts derived from VLCAD deficient patients, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, hepatocytes isolated from VLCAD knockout (Acadvl-/-) mice, and Acadvl-/- mice to reverse the metabolic effects of the deficiency. Transfection of all cell types with hVLCAD mRNA resulted in high level expression of protein that localized to mitochondria with increased enzyme activity. Intravenous administration of LNP-VLCAD to Acadvl-/- mice produced a significant amount of VLCAD protein in liver, which declined over a week. Treated Acadvl-/- mice showed reduced hepatic steatosis, were more resistant to cold stress, and accumulated less toxic metabolites in blood than untreated animals. Results from this study support the potential for hVLCAD mRNA for treatment of VLCAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Zhao
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ai-Walid Mohsen
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Mihalik
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Keaton Solo
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ermal Aliu
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Huifang Shi
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shakuntala Basu
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Kochersperger
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Clinton Van't Land
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Karunanidhi
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Coughlan
- Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., Rare Diseases, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Summar Siddiqui
- Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., Rare Diseases, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa M Rice
- Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., Rare Diseases, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shawn Hillier
- Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., Rare Diseases, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eleonora Guadagnin
- Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., Rare Diseases, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paloma H Giangrande
- Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., Rare Diseases, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paolo G V Martini
- Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., Rare Diseases, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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10
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Guerra IMS, Ferreira HB, Melo T, Rocha H, Moreira S, Diogo L, Domingues MR, Moreira ASP. Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Disorders: From Disease to Lipidomic Studies-A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213933. [PMID: 36430419 PMCID: PMC9696092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) are inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) caused by defects in the fatty acid (FA) mitochondrial β-oxidation. The most common FAODs are characterized by the accumulation of medium-chain FAs and long-chain (3-hydroxy) FAs (and their carnitine derivatives), respectively. These deregulations are associated with lipotoxicity which affects several organs and potentially leads to life-threatening complications and comorbidities. Changes in the lipidome have been associated with several diseases, including some IEMs. In FAODs, the alteration of acylcarnitines (CARs) and FA profiles have been reported in patients and animal models, but changes in polar and neutral lipid profile are still scarcely studied. In this review, we present the main findings on FA and CAR profile changes associated with FAOD pathogenesis, their correlation with oxidative damage, and the consequent disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in polar and neutral lipid classes and lipid species identified so far and their possible role in FAODs are discussed. We highlight the need of mass-spectrometry-based lipidomic studies to understand (epi)lipidome remodelling in FAODs, thus allowing to elucidate the pathophysiology and the identification of possible biomarkers for disease prognosis and an evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. S. Guerra
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena B. Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Moreira
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Diogo
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana S. P. Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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11
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Tucci S. An Altered Sphingolipid Profile as a Risk Factor for Progressive Neurodegeneration in Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Deficiency (LCHADD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137144. [PMID: 35806149 PMCID: PMC9266703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA deficiency (LCHADD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTPD) belong to a group of inherited metabolic diseases affecting the degradation of long-chain chain fatty acids. During metabolic decompensation the incomplete degradation of fatty acids results in life-threatening episodes, coma and death. Despite fast identification at neonatal screening, LCHADD/MTPD present with progressive neurodegenerative symptoms originally attributed to the accumulation of toxic hydroxyl acylcarnitines and energy deficiency. Recently, it has been shown that LCHADD human fibroblasts display a disease-specific alteration of complex lipids. Accumulating fatty acids, due to defective β-oxidation, contribute to a remodeling of several lipid classes including mitochondrial cardiolipins and sphingolipids. In the last years the face of LCHADD/MTPD has changed. The reported dysregulation of complex lipids other than the simple acylcarnitines represents a novel aspect of disease development. Indeed, aberrant lipid profiles have already been associated with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and retinopathy. Today, the physiopathology that underlies the development of the progressive neuropathic symptoms in LCHADD/MTPD is not fully understood. Here, we hypothesize an alternative disease-causing mechanism that contemplates the interaction of several factors that acting in concert contribute to the heterogeneous clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tucci
- Pharmacy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Alatibi KI, Tholen S, Wehbe Z, Hagenbuchner J, Karall D, Ausserlechner MJ, Schilling O, Grünert SC, Vockley J, Tucci S. Lipidomic and Proteomic Alterations Induced by Even and Odd Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Fibroblasts of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10556. [PMID: 34638902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (mc-FAs) are currently applied in the treatment of long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (lc-FAOD) characterized by impaired β-oxidation. Here, we performed lipidomic and proteomic analysis in fibroblasts from patients with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCADD) and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHADD) deficiencies after incubation with heptanoate (C7) and octanoate (C8). Defects of β-oxidation induced striking proteomic alterations, whereas the effect of treatment with mc-FAs was minor. However, mc-FAs induced a remodeling of complex lipids. Especially C7 appeared to act protectively by restoring sphingolipid biosynthesis flux and improving the observed dysregulation of protein homeostasis in LCHADD under control conditions.
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13
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Stenlid R, Olsson D, Cen J, Manell H, Haglind C, Chowdhury AI, Bergsten P, Nordenström A, Halldin M. Altered mitochondrial metabolism in peripheral blood cells from patients with inborn errors of β-oxidation. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 15:182-194. [PMID: 34437764 PMCID: PMC8742636 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO), such as medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD) affects cellular function and whole-body metabolism. Carnitine uptake deficiency (CUD) disturbs the transportation of fatty acids into the mitochondria, but when treated is a mild disease without significant effects on FAO. For improved clinical care of VLCAD in particular, estimation of FAO severity could be important. We have investigated whether the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with MCAD, VLCAD, and CUD can be used to study cellular metabolism in patients with FAO defects and to determine the severity of FAO impairment. PBMCs were isolated from patients with VLCAD (n = 9), MCAD (n = 5-7), and CUD (n = 5). OCR was measured within 6-hours of venous puncture using the Seahorse XFe96. The PBMCs were exposed to glucose alone or with caprylic acid (C8:0) or palmitic acid (C16:0). OCR was significantly lower in cells from patients with β-oxidation deficiencies (MCAD and VLCAD) compared to CUD at basal conditions. When exposed to C16:0, OCR in VLCAD cells was unchanged, whereas OCR in MCAD cells increased but not to the levels observed in CUD. However, C8:0 did not increase OCR, as would be expected, in VLCAD cells. There was no clear relationship between clinical severity level and OCR. In patients with β-oxidation deficiencies, changes of mitochondrial respiration in PBMCs are detectable, which indicate that PBMCs have translational potential for studies of β-oxidation defects. However, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jing Cen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Haglind
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordenström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Halldin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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