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Sanabria-Castro A, Alape-Girón A, Flores-Díaz M, Echeverri-McCandless A, Parajeles-Vindas A. Oxidative stress involvement in the molecular pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis: a literature review. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:355-371. [PMID: 38163257 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune debilitating disease of the central nervous system caused by a mosaic of interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The pathological hallmarks of MS are chronic inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress, a state of imbalance between the production of reactive species and antioxidant defense mechanisms, is considered one of the key contributors in the pathophysiology of MS. This review is a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which oxidant species contribute to the initiation and progression of MS including mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of various signaling pathways, and autoimmune response activation. The detrimental effects of oxidative stress on neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, as well as the role of oxidants in promoting and perpetuating inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage, are discussed. Finally, this review also points out the therapeutic potential of various synthetic antioxidants that must be evaluated in clinical trials in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Sanabria-Castro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Farmacología, Toxicología y Farmacodependencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Alberto Alape-Girón
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre Vázquez de Coronado, 11103, Costa Rica
| | - Marietta Flores-Díaz
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre Vázquez de Coronado, 11103, Costa Rica
| | - Ann Echeverri-McCandless
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
| | - Alexander Parajeles-Vindas
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínica Bíblica, San José, 10104, Costa Rica
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2
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Guo X, Yang L, Wang J, Wu Y, Li Y, Du L, Li L, Fang Z, Zhang X. The cytosolic DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14671. [PMID: 38459658 PMCID: PMC10924111 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the widespread prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and high rates of mortality and disability, it is imminent to find accurate targets for intervention. There is growing evidence that neuroimmunity is pivotal in the pathology of NDs and that interventions targeting neuroimmunity hold great promise. Exogenous or dislocated nucleic acids activate the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). The activated STING triggers innate immune responses and then the cGAS-STING signaling pathway links abnormal nucleic acid sensing to the immune response. Recently, numerous studies have shown that neuroinflammation regulated by cGAS-STING signaling plays an essential role in NDs. AIMS In this review, we summarized the mechanism of cGAS-STING signaling in NDs and focused on inhibitors targeting cGAS-STING. CONCLUSION The cGAS-STING signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NDs. Inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling may provide new measures in the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
- Department of Intensive Care UnitJoint Logistics Force No. 988 HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - You Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Lixia Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxiChina
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
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D’Angiolini S, Lui M, Mazzon E, Calabrò M. Network Analysis Performed on Transcriptomes of Parkinson's Disease Patients Reveals Dysfunction in Protein Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1299. [PMID: 38279299 PMCID: PMC10816150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. The hallmark pathological feature of PD is the accumulation of misfolded proteins, leading to the formation of intracellular aggregates known as Lewy bodies. Recent data evidenced how disruptions in protein synthesis, folding, and degradation are events commonly observed in PD and may provide information on the molecular background behind its etiopathogenesis. In the present study, we used a publicly available transcriptomic microarray dataset of peripheral blood of PD patients and healthy controls (GSE6613) to investigate the potential dysregulation of elements involved in proteostasis-related processes at the transcriptomic level. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed 375 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 281 were down-regulated and 94 were up-regulated. Network analysis performed on the observed DEGs highlighted a cluster of 36 elements mainly involved in the protein synthesis processes. Different enriched ontologies were related to translation initiation and regulation, ribosome structure, and ribosome components nuclear export. Overall, this data consistently points to a generalized impairment of the translational machinery and proteostasis. Dysregulation of these mechanics has been associated with PD pathogenesis. Understanding the precise regulation of such processes may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of PD and provide potential data for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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de la Monte SM, Tong M. Agent Orange Herbicidal Toxin-Initiation of Alzheimer-Type Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1703-1726. [PMID: 38306038 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Agent Orange (AO) is a Vietnam War-era herbicide that contains a 1 : 1 ratio of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Emerging evidence suggests that AO exposures cause toxic and degenerative pathologies that may increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective This study investigates the effects of the two main AO constituents on key molecular and biochemical indices of AD-type neurodegeneration. Methods Long Evans rat frontal lobe slice cultures treated with 250μg/ml of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, or both (D + T) were evaluated for cytotoxicity, oxidative injury, mitochondrial function, and AD biomarker expression. Results Treatment with the AO constituents caused histopathological changes corresponding to neuronal, white matter, and endothelial cell degeneration, and molecular/biochemical abnormalities indicative of cytotoxic injury, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and increased immunoreactivity to activated Caspase 3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin, tau, paired-helical filament phosphorylated tau, AβPP, Aβ, and choline acetyltransferase. Nearly all indices of cellular injury and degeneration were more pronounced in the D + T compared with 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T treated cultures. Conclusions Exposures to AO herbicidal chemicals damage frontal lobe brain tissue with molecular and biochemical abnormalities that mimic pathologies associated with early-stage AD-type neurodegeneration. Additional research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of AO exposures in relation to aging and progressive neurodegeneration in Vietnam War Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Bakavayev S, Stavsky A, Argueti-Ostrovsky S, Yehezkel G, Fridmann-Sirkis Y, Barak Z, Gitler D, Israelson A, Engel S. Blocking an epitope of misfolded SOD1 ameliorates disease phenotype in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2023; 146:4594-4607. [PMID: 37394908 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current strategies to mitigate the toxicity of misfolded superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via blocking SOD1 expression in the CNS are indiscriminative for misfolded and intact proteins, and as such, entail a risk of depriving CNS cells of their essential antioxidant potential. As an alternative approach to neutralize misfolded and spare unaffected SOD1 species, we developed scFv-SE21 antibody that blocks the β6/β7 loop epitope exposed exclusively in misfolded SOD1. The β6/β7 loop epitope has previously been proposed to initiate amyloid-like aggregation of misfolded SOD1 and mediate its prion-like activity. The adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of scFv-SE21 in the CNS of hSOD1G37R mice rescued spinal motor neurons, reduced the accumulation of misfolded SOD1, decreased gliosis and thus delayed disease onset and extended survival by 90 days. The results provide evidence for the role of the exposed β6/β7 loop epitope in the mechanism of neurotoxic gain-of-function of misfolded SOD1 and open avenues for the development of mechanism-based anti-SOD1 therapeutics, whose selective targeting of misfolded SOD1 species may entail a reduced risk of collateral oxidative damage to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamchal Bakavayev
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Alexandra Stavsky
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shirel Argueti-Ostrovsky
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Galit Yehezkel
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yael Fridmann-Sirkis
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zeev Barak
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Daniel Gitler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Adrian Israelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Stanislav Engel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Yang AJT, Mohammad A, Finch MS, Tsiani E, Spencer G, Necakov A, MacPherson REK. Influence of metabolic stress and metformin on synaptic protein profile in SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:10.14814/phy2.15852. [PMID: 38010200 PMCID: PMC10680579 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with reductions in neuronal proteins often observed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the mechanisms through which IR promotes neurodegeneration/AD pathogenesis are poorly understood. Metformin (MET), a potent activator of the metabolic regulator AMPK is used to treat IR but its effectiveness for AD is unclear. We have previously shown that chronic AMPK activation impairs neurite growth and protein synthesis in SH-SY5Y neurons, however, AMPK activation in IR was not explored. Therefore, we examined the effects of MET-driven AMPK activation with and without IR. Retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons were treated with: (1) Ctl: 24 h vehicle followed by 24 h Vehicle; (2) HI: 100 nM insulin (24 h HI followed by 24 h HI); or (3) MET: 24 h vehicle followed by 24 h 2 mM metformin; (4) HI/MET: 24 h 100 nM insulin followed by 24 h 100 nM INS+2 mM MET. INS and INS/MET groups saw impairments in markers of insulin signaling (Akt S473, mTOR S2448, p70s6k T389, and IRS-1S636) demonstrating IR was not recovered with MET treatment. All treatment groups showed reductions in neuronal markers (post-synaptic marker HOMER1 mRNA content and synapse marker synaptophysin protein content). INS and MET treatments showed a reduction in the content of the mature neuronal marker NeuN that was prevented by INS/MET. Similarly, increases in cell size/area, neurite length/area observed with INS and MET, were prevented with INS/MET. These findings indicate that IR and MET impair neuronal markers through distinct pathways and suggest that MET is ineffective in treating IR-driven impairments in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. T. Yang
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Ahmad Mohammad
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Michael S. Finch
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Gaynor Spencer
- Department of Biological SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for NeuroscienceBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Aleksandar Necakov
- Department of Biological SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for NeuroscienceBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Rebecca E. K. MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for NeuroscienceBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
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Khalid F, Phan T, Qiang M, Maity P, Lasser T, Wiese S, Penzo M, Alupei M, Orioli D, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Iben S. TFIIH mutations can impact on translational fidelity of the ribosome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1102-1113. [PMID: 36308430 PMCID: PMC10026254 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TFIIH is a complex essential for transcription of protein-coding genes by RNA polymerase II, DNA repair of UV-lesions and transcription of rRNA by RNA polymerase I. Mutations in TFIIH cause the cancer prone DNA-repair disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and the developmental and premature aging disorders trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Cockayne syndrome. A total of 50% of the TTD cases are caused by TFIIH mutations. Using TFIIH mutant patient cells from TTD and XP subjects we can show that the stress-sensitivity of the proteome is reduced in TTD, but not in XP. Using three different methods to investigate the accuracy of protein synthesis by the ribosome, we demonstrate that translational fidelity of the ribosomes of TTD, but not XP cells, is decreased. The process of ribosomal synthesis and maturation is affected in TTD cells and can lead to instable ribosomes. Isolated ribosomes from TTD patients show an elevated error rate when challenged with oxidized mRNA, explaining the oxidative hypersensitivity of TTD cells. Treatment of TTD cells with N-acetyl cysteine normalized the increased translational error-rate and restored translational fidelity. Here we describe a pathomechanism that might be relevant for our understanding of impaired development and aging-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khalid
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Phan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mingyue Qiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Theresa Lasser
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marianna Penzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marius Alupei
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Tundo GR, Cascio P, Milardi D, Santoro AM, Graziani G, Lacal PM, Bocedi A, Oddone F, Parravano M, Coletta A, Coletta M, Sbardella D. Targeting immunoproteasome in neurodegeneration: A glance to the future. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108329. [PMID: 36526014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome is a specialized form of proteasome equipped with modified catalytic subunits that was initially discovered to play a pivotal role in MHC class I antigen processing and immune system modulation. However, over the last years, this proteolytic complex has been uncovered to serve additional functions unrelated to antigen presentation. Accordingly, it has been proposed that immunoproteasome synergizes with canonical proteasome in different cell types of the nervous system, regulating neurotransmission, metabolic pathways and adaptation of the cells to redox or inflammatory insults. Hence, studying the alterations of immunoproteasome expression and activity is gaining research interest to define the dynamics of neuroinflammation as well as the early and late molecular events that are likely involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders. Furthermore, these novel functions foster the perspective of immunoproteasome as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegeneration. In this review, we provide a brain and retina-wide overview, trying to correlate present knowledge on structure-function relationships of immunoproteasome with the variety of observed neuro-modulatory functions.
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Mendes D, Peixoto F, Oliveira MM, Andrade PB, Videira RA. Brain Effects of SC-Nanophytosomes on a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease-A Proof of Concept for a Mitochondria-Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012699. [PMID: 36293562 PMCID: PMC9604491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are an attractive target to fight neurodegenerative diseases due to their important functions for cells and the particularly close relationship between the functional connectivity among brain regions and mitochondrial performance. This work presents a mitochondria-targeted therapy designed to modulate the functionality of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and lipidome, parameters that are affected in neurodegeneration, including in Parkinson's disease (PD). This therapy is supported by SC-Nanophytosomes constructed with membrane polar lipids, from Codium tomentosum, and elderberry anthocyanin-enriched extract, from Sambucus nigra L. SC-Nanophytosomes are nanosized vesicles with a high negative surface charge that preserve their properties, including anthocyanins in the flavylium cation form, under conditions that mimic the gastrointestinal tract pH changes. SC-Nanophytosomes, 3 µM in phospholipid, and 2.5 mg/L of EAE-extract, delivered by drinking water to a rotenone-induced PD rat model, showed significant positive outcomes on disabling motor symptoms associated with the disease. Ex vivo assays were performed with two brain portions, one comprising the basal ganglia and cerebellum (BG-Cereb) and the other with the cerebral cortex (C-Cortex) regions. Results showed that rotenone-induced neurodegeneration increases the α-synuclein levels in the BG-Cereb portion and compromises mitochondrial respiratory chain functionality in both brain portions, well-evidenced by a 50% decrease in the respiratory control rate and up to 40% in complex I activity. Rotenone-induced PD phenotype is also associated with changes in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities that are dependent on the brain portion. Treatment with SC-Nanophytosomes reverted the α-synuclein levels and antioxidant enzymes activity to the values detected in control animals. Moreover, it mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction, with positive outcomes on the respiratory control rate, the activity of individual respiratory complexes, and the fatty acid profile of the membrane phospholipids. Therefore, SC-Nanophytosomes are a promising tool to support mitochondria-targeted therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mendes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- Chemistry Center-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Biological and Environment Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Oliveira
- Chemistry Center-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Chemistry Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Branquinho Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Romeu António Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Beydoun HA, Chen JC, Saquib N, Naughton MJ, Beydoun MA, Shadyab AH, Hale L, Zonderman AB. Sleep and affective disorders in relation to Parkinson's disease risk among older women from the Women's Health Initiative. J Affect Disord 2022; 312:177-187. [PMID: 35752216 PMCID: PMC9302785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate sleep and affective (mood/anxiety) disorders as clinical predictors of incident Parkinson's disease (PD) among women ≥65 years of age. METHODS We performed secondary analyses with available data from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Study linked to Medicare claims. Sleep, mood and anxiety disorders at baseline were defined using diagnostic codes. Incident PD was defined using self-reported PD, first PD diagnosis, use of PD medications, and/or deaths attributed to PD. Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI), controlling for socio-demographic/lifestyle/health characteristics. Time-to-event was calculated from baseline (1993-1998) to year of PD event, loss to follow-up, death, or December 31, 2018, whichever came first. RESULTS A total of 53,996 study-eligible WHI participants yielded 1756 (3.25 %) PD cases over ~14.39 (±6.18) years of follow-up. The relative risk for PD doubled among women with affective disorders (HR = 2.05, 95 % CI: 1.84, 2.27), mood disorders (HR = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.97, 2.42) and anxiety disorders (HR = 1.97, 95 % CI: 1.75, 2.22). Sleep disorders alone (without affective) were not significantly associated with PD risk (HR = 0.85, 95 % CI: 0.69, 1.04), whereas affective disorders alone (without sleep) (HR = 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.72, 2.17) or in combination with sleep disorders (HR = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.85, 2.56) were associated with twice the PD risk relative to no sleep/affective disorders. LIMITATIONS Observational design; Selection bias; Information bias; Generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Among older women, joint sleep/affective disorders and affective disorders alone are strong clinical predictors of incident PD over 14 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA 22060.
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Departments of Population & Public Health Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- Department of Research, College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukayriah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelle J Naughton
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
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Amorós MA, Choi ES, Cofré AR, Dokholyan NV, Duzzioni M. Motor neuron-derived induced pluripotent stem cells as a drug screening platform for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:962881. [PMID: 36105357 PMCID: PMC9467621 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.962881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell culture models that recapitulate the etiology and features of nervous system diseases is central to the discovery of new drugs and their translation onto therapies. Neuronal tissues are inaccessible due to skeletal constraints and the invasiveness of the procedure to obtain them. Thus, the emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers the opportunity to model different neuronal pathologies. Our focus centers on iPSCs derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, whose pathology remains in urgent need of new drugs and treatment. In this sense, we aim to revise the process to obtain motor neurons derived iPSCs (iPSC-MNs) from patients with ALS as a drug screening model, review current 3D-models and offer a perspective on bioinformatics as a powerful tool that can aid in the progress of finding new pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Amorós
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Esther S. Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Axel R. Cofré
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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12
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Sakowski SA, Chen KS. Stem cell therapy for central nervous system disorders: Metabolic interactions between transplanted cells and local microenvironments. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105842. [PMID: 35988874 PMCID: PMC10117179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising and rapidly advancing treatment strategy for a multitude of neurologic disorders. Yet, while early phase clinical trials are being pursued in many disorders, the mechanism of action often remains unclear. One important potential mechanism by which stem cells provide neuroprotection is through metabolic signaling with diseased neurons, glia, and other cell types in the nervous system microenvironment. Early studies exploring such interactions report normalization of glucose metabolism, induction of protective mitochondrial genes, and even interactions with supportive neurovasculature. Local metabolic conditions also impact stem cell biology, which can have a large impact on transplant viability and efficacy. Epigenetic changes that occur in the donor prior to collection of stem cells, and even during in vitro culture conditions, may have effects on stem cell biology that are carried into the host upon stem cell transplantation. Transplanted stem cells also face potentially toxic metabolic microenvironments at the targeted transplant site. Novel approaches for metabolically "preconditioning" stem cells prior to transplant harness metabolic machinery to optimize stem cell survival upon transplant. Ultimately, an improved understanding of the metabolic cross-talk between implanted stem cells and the local nervous system environment, in both disease and injury states, will increase the likelihood of success in translating stem cell therapy to early trials in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Kevin S Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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13
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Mendes D, Peixoto F, Oliveira MM, Andrade PB, Videira RA. Mitochondria research and neurodegenerative diseases: on the track to understanding the biological world of high complexity. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:67-79. [PMID: 35623557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
From the simple unicellular eukaryote to the highly complex multicellular organism like Human, mitochondrion emerges as a ubiquitous player to ensure the organism's functionality. It is popularly known as "the powerhouse of the cell" by its key role in ATP generation. However, our understanding of the physiological relevance of mitochondria is being challenged by data obtained in different fields. In this review, a short history of the mitochondria research field is presented, stressing the findings and questions that allowed the knowledge advances, and put mitochondrion as the main player of safeguarding organism life as well as a key to solve the puzzle of the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mendes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- Chemistry Center - Vila Real (CQ-VR), Biological and Environment Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria M Oliveira
- Chemistry Center - Vila Real (CQ-VR), Chemistry Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Romeu A Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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14
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Ilina A, Khavinson V, Linkova N, Petukhov M. Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms of Action of Ultrashort Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084259. [PMID: 35457077 PMCID: PMC9032300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is necessary for maintaining higher-order cognitive functions (learning and memory). The current understanding of the role of epigenetics in the mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is focused on DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and regulation of non-coding RNAs. The pathogenetic links of this disease are the misfolding and aggregation of tau protein and amyloid peptides, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, destruction of the blood–brain barrier, and neuroinflammation, all of which lead to impaired synaptic plasticity and memory loss. Ultrashort peptides are promising neuroprotective compounds with a broad spectrum of activity and without reported side effects. The main aim of this review is to analyze the possible epigenetic mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of ultrashort peptides in AD. The review highlights the role of short peptides in the AD pathophysiology. We formulate the hypothesis that peptide regulation of gene expression can be mediated by the interaction of short peptides with histone proteins, cis- and transregulatory DNA elements and effector molecules (DNA/RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNA). The development of therapeutic agents based on ultrashort peptides may offer a promising addition to the multifunctional treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Ilina
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 19711 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (N.L.)
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(953)145-89-58
| | - Vladimir Khavinson
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 19711 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (N.L.)
- Group of Peptide Regulation of Aging, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Linkova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 19711 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (N.L.)
| | - Mikhael Petukhov
- Department of Molecular Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named after B.P. Konstantinov, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
- Group of Biophysics, Higher Engineering and Technical School, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Dias FRP, de Souza Almeida RR, Sovrani V, Thomaz NK, Gonçalves CA, Quincozes-Santos A, Bobermin LD. Glioprotective Effects of Resveratrol Against BMAA-Induced Astroglial Dysfunctions. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:530-541. [PMID: 35320508 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Astroglial cells play important roles in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has usually been associated with neurodegeneration due to its toxic effects on neurons. However, little is known about the effects of BMAA on astroglial cells. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, represents a potential protective strategy against brain injuries. In the present study, we sought to investigate BMAA-induced astroglial dysfunctions and the glioprotective roles of resveratrol. BMAA did not impair astroglial cellular viability, but increased glutamate uptake, glutamate metabolism into glutamine, and reactive oxygen species production, while decreased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-based antioxidant defenses and triggers an inflammatory response. In contrast, resveratrol was able to prevent most of these BMAA-induced functional changes in astroglial cells. Moreover, both BMAA and resveratrol modulated the gene expression of molecular pathways associated with glutamate metabolism, redox homeostasis, and inflammatory response, which characterize their roles on astroglial functions. In this regard, BMAA downregulated adenosine receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt, while resveratrol prevented these effects and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that BMAA directly impacts key astroglial functions, contributing to elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this toxin in the CNS. In addition, we reinforce the glioprotective effects of resveratrol against BMAA-induced astroglial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Renato Pereira Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Rodrigo de Souza Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sovrani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalie K Thomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, 90035-003, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, 90035-003, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, 90035-003, RS, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Bette M, Cors E, Kresse C, Schütz B. Therapeutic Treatment of Superoxide Dismutase 1 (G93A) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model Mice with Medical Ozone Decelerates Trigeminal Motor Neuron Degeneration, Attenuates Microglial Proliferation, and Preserves Monocyte Levels in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063403. [PMID: 35328829 PMCID: PMC8950555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable and lethal neurodegenerative disease in which progressive motor neuron loss and associated inflammation represent major pathology hallmarks. Both the prevention of neuronal loss and neuro-destructive inflammation are still unmet challenges. Medical ozone, an ozonized oxygen mixture (O3/O2), has been shown to elicit profound immunomodulatory effects in peripheral organs, and beneficial effects in the aging brain. We investigated, in a preclinical drug testing approach, the therapeutic potential of a five-day O3/O2i.p. treatment regime at the beginning of the symptomatic disease phase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1G93A) ALS mouse model. Clinical assessment of SOD1G93A mice revealed no benefit of medical ozone treatment over sham with respect to gross body weight, motor performance, disease duration, or survival. In the brainstem of end stage SOD1G93A mice, however, neurodegeneration was found decelerated, and SOD1-related vacuolization was reduced in the motor trigeminal nucleus in the O3/O2 treatment group when compared to sham-treated mice. In addition, microglia proliferation was less pronounced in the brainstem, while the hypertrophy of astroglia remained largely unaffected. Finally, monocyte numbers were reduced in the blood, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes at postnatal day 60 in SOD1G93A mice. A further decrease in monocyte numbers seen in mesenteric lymph nodes from sham-treated SOD1G93A mice at an advanced disease stage, however, was prevented by medical ozone treatment. Collectively, our study revealed a select neuroprotective and possibly anti-inflammatory capacity for medical ozone when applied as a therapeutic agent in SOD1G93A ALS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bette
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (E.C.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-6421-286-6780 (M.B.); +49-6421-286-4040 (B.S.)
| | - Eileen Cors
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (E.C.); (C.K.)
- Department of Mitochondrial Proteostasis, Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Kresse
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (E.C.); (C.K.)
| | - Burkhard Schütz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (E.C.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-6421-286-6780 (M.B.); +49-6421-286-4040 (B.S.)
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Li YL, Wang ZX, Ying CZ, Zhang BR, Pu JL. Decoding the Role of Familial Parkinson’s Disease-Related Genes in DNA Damage and Repair. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1405-1412. [PMID: 36186134 PMCID: PMC9466978 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies. Over the years, researchers have gained extensive knowledge about dopaminergic neuron degeneration from the perspective of the environmental and disease-causing genetic factors; however, there is still no disease-modifying therapy. Aging has long been recognized as a major risk factor for PD; however, little is known about how aging contributes to the disease development. Genome instability is the main driving force behind aging, and has been poorly studied in patients with PD. Here, we summarize the evidence for nuclear DNA damage in PD. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms of nuclear DNA damage and repair in PD, especially from the perspective of familial PD-related mutant genes. Understanding the significance of DNA damage and repair may provide new potential intervention targets for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jia-Li Pu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Jia-Li Pu Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .
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Tesco G, Lomoio S. Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases: An interplay among axonal transport failure, oxidative stress, and inflammation? Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101628. [PMID: 35779975 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by a progressive loss of selected neuronal populations. A significant risk factor for most NDs is aging. Considering the constant increase in life expectancy, NDs represent a global public health burden. Axonal transport (AT) is a central cellular process underlying the generation and maintenance of neuronal architecture and connectivity. Deficits in AT appear to be a common thread for most, if not all, NDs. Neuroinflammation has been notoriously difficult to define in relation to NDs. Inflammation is a complex multifactorial process in the CNS, which varies depending on the disease stage. Several lines of evidence suggest that AT defect, axonopathy and neuroinflammation are tightly interlaced. However, whether these impairments play a causative role in NDs or are merely a downstream effect of neuronal degeneration remains unsettled. We still lack reliable information on the temporal relationship between these pathogenic mechanisms, although several findings suggest that they may occur early during ND pathophysiology. This article will review the latest evidence emerging on whether the interplay between AT perturbations and some aspects of CNS inflammation can participate in ND etiology, analyze their potential as therapeutic targets, and the urge to identify early surrogate biomarkers.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia in older adults and is fast becoming a major societal and economic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. Age seems to be the major factor driving AD, and currently, only symptomatic treatments are available. AD has a complex etiology, although mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities have been widely and deeply investigated as plausible mechanisms for its neuropathology. Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, along with cognitive deficits and behavioral problems, are the hallmarks of the disease. Restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics, prevention of oxidative stress, and diet and exercise seem to be effective in reducing Aβ and in ameliorating learning and memory problems. Many mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been tested in AD and are currently in development. However, larger streamlined clinical studies are needed to provide hard evidence of benefits in AD. This review discusses the causative factors, as well as potential therapeutics employed in the treatment of AD.
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