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Pate RR, Dishman RK, Dowda M, McIver KL, Pfeiffer KA, Porter DE, Saunders RP, Ward DS. A Summary of One Research Team's Contributions to Understanding Physical Activity Behavior in Children and Youth. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14136. [PMID: 36361011 PMCID: PMC9655861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Schools are well-positioned to provide physical activity opportunities to help youth achieve the recommended 60 or more daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The Children's Physical Activity Research Group (CPARG) at the University of South Carolina has focused on understanding physical activity in school-aged youth for 30+ years. The purpose of this article was to critically review (CPARG) contributions to the field in school settings and school-age youth. We reviewed 127 published CPARG articles from six research projects conducted between 1993-2019. The review was guided by questions in five categories: measurement of physical activity and its determinants, characteristics of physical activity behavior, correlates/determinants of physical activity, physical activity interventions, and race/ethnicity and physical activity. Results were summarized by question and synthesized across categories. CPARG contributions included assessing physical activity levels, patterns, forms, and contexts; identifying and measuring physical activity correlates/determinants; and conducting school-based physical activity interventions. Identifying multiple domains of physical activity determinants enables researchers and practitioners to select/design age-appropriate, valid, and reliable instruments to assess determinants. Focusing on determinants enables them to create effective physical activity interventions, environments, programs, and policies in schools. These efforts must address race/ethnicity differences, ensuring that measurement instruments and intervention strategies are culturally appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R. Pate
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Rod K. Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia Ramsey Student Center, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kerry L. McIver
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Karin A. Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 West Circle Drive, 27R Intramural Rec Sports-Circle, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dwayne E. Porter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Green Street, Suite 518, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ruth P. Saunders
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Dianne S. Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB # 7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Meijer E, Gebhardt WA, van Laar C, Chavannes NH, van den Putte B. Identified or conflicted: a latent class and regression tree analysis explaining how identity constructs cluster within smokers. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:231. [PMID: 36207742 PMCID: PMC9547436 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identity, or ‘who I am’, is important for smoking behaviour. Identity constructs (parts of a person’s identity) are typically examined as separate entities, but emerging evidence suggests that the multifaceted nature of identity is relevant in the context of smoking. This cross-sectional study examined how smoking-related self- and group-identity constructs cluster within adult daily smokers (N = 231), whether classes of smokers can be distinguished based on clusters of identity constructs, and which factors explain class membership. Data were collected online in The Netherlands and Belgium, 2017–2018. Latent class and regression tree analyses showed that participants in Class 1 of ‘Identified smokers’ (estimated population share 54%) reported stronger smoker self- and group-identities, stronger expected identity loss when quitting smoking, and weaker quitter self-identities and non-smoker self- and group-identities (vs. Class 2 of ‘Conflicted smokers’). Class membership was explained by the interaction between mental smoking dependence (dominant explanatory variable), consideration of future consequences, age of smoking onset, self-efficacy, and future self thought clarity. Models had good fit. The identity of more dependent smokers is more strongly oriented toward smoking. Smoking is also more strongly embedded in the identity of smokers who started smoking young, are less inclined to think about the future, and have lower self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Meijer
- Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,National eHealth Living Lab, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - W A Gebhardt
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C van Laar
- Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N H Chavannes
- Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,National eHealth Living Lab, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B van den Putte
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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