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Schneckenburger H. Laser Application in Life Sciences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108526. [PMID: 37239881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their invention by Theodore Maiman in 1960, lasers represent a class of light sources based on the stimulated emission of radiation in the visible, ultraviolet or infrared spectral range [...].
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Liaqat S, Qayyum H, Rafaqat Z, Qadir A, Fayyaz S, Khan A, Jabeen H, Muhammad N, Khan MA. Laser as an innovative tool, its implications and advances in dentistry: A systematic review. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology 2022; 12:100148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Hussein F, Imam H. The Effect of Eggshell and Seashell Nanoparticles Alone and Combined With Nd: YAG Laser on Occlusion and Remineralization Potential of Patent Dentinal Tubules: An In Vitro Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2022; 13:e43. [PMID: 36743145 PMCID: PMC9841379 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: There is an interest in developing materials with bioactive potential that could block exposed dentinal tubules. This study compared the effects of eggshell and seashell nanoparticles individually or combined with ND:YAG laser on dentinal tubules occlusion and remineralization. Methods: Fifty radicular dentin discs were prepared from freshly extracted human premolars. The smear layer created by cutting was removed using 37% phosphoric acid gel for 15 sec. The discs were divided into five groups according to the applied treatment(A) (n = 10 each): (A1) control, (A2); Nano eggshells, (A3); Nano seashells, (A4); Nano eggshells + Nd: YAG Laser, and (A5); Nano sea shell + Nd: YAG Laser. Each specimen was evaluated for tubular patency and mineral contents before and after each therapy using ESEM-EDXA energy dispersive spectroscopy for the assessment of tubule occlusion and remineralization. Results: ESEM results revealed a statistically significant decrease in the mean percent changes of the dentinal tubules number after the treatment of the experimental groups compared to the control. The greatest percent decrease was recorded in the seashell NPs + Nd: YAG laser, followed by the eggshell NPs + Nd: YAG laser, then Eggshell NPs only and then Seashell NPs only, while the lowest percentage decrease was recorded in the control group. EDXA revealed that the greatest percentage increase in Ca wt% was recorded in the Eggshell + Nd:YAG laser group, followed by Eggshell only, then Seashell only and then Seashell NPs + Nd: YAG laser, while the lowest percent increase was recorded in the control group. The post hoc test revealed no significant difference between the experimental groups. Conclusions: Both eggshell and seashell nanoparticles are effective in the occlusion and remineralization of dentinal tubules. The combined treatments with Nd: YAG laser had no benefits when compared to the effect of treatments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hussein
- Lecturer of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, AL-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt,Correspondence to Fatma Hussein,
| | - Hisham Imam
- Professor of Laser Physics and Spectroscopy in National Institute of Enhanced Laser Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Wang Y, Ding N, Zong Z, Zhang Z. Etch-mineralizing treatment to improve dentin bonding. J Dent 2022;:104305. [PMID: 36174766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of etch-mineralizing solution as a dentin treatment agent on dentin bonding. METHODS This study designed four kinds of etch-mineralizing solutions (EMs) by adding sodium fluoride in 35% phosphoric acid aqueous solution with four different concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/ml), and named F1, F2, F3 and F4, respectively. 35% phosphoric acid gel treatment was the control group. SEM, EDS, FTIR and microhardness tests were performed on the treated dentin. Shear bond strength was measured before and after aging. Nanoleakage was also evaluated. Fracture mode was researched after SBS testing. The antibacterial properties of treated dentin were also investigated through live/dead staining of biofilms. RESULTS The smear layer was removed and mineralization substances were observed on the dentin surface and tubule, and no obvious collagen fibers were observed compared with the control group. FTIR spectrums showed that the ratios of phosphate/collagen on EMs treated dentin surfaces were significantly increased (P<0.05). F2 group had the highest bonding strength (32.14±7.33 MPa) and microhardness (66.08±10.58), while the control group had the lowest bonding strength (21.81±4.03 MPa) and microhardness (42.34±7.08) (p<0.05), and excellent bonding strength caused the more cohesive fracture. Experimental groups showed less nanoleakage than group C (P<0.05). Moreover, experimental groups had better antiaging performance and antibacterial properties than the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION EMs treatment not only improved dentin bonding and antibacterial ability, but also remineralized dentin with autologous mineral elements. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The treatment provides a novel therapeutic strategy for obtaining ideal dentin bonding strength and prolonging the longevity of the restoration.
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da Silva KTL, Grazziotin-Soares R, de Miranda RR, Novais VR, Carvalho EM, da Silva GR, Bauer J, Carvalho CN. Effect of an enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) on the microhardness and chemical composition of human root dentin: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8874. [PMID: 35614202 PMCID: PMC9133032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantage of using an Enamel matrix derivative EMD Emdogain as an intracanal medication could be a manner to strength the tooth structure, improving the physical and chemical properties of dentin. We tested, in vitro, the effect of Emdogain on the surface microhardness and chemical composition of root dentin. Ten human teeth were used to produce dentin specimens originated from the canal walls (n = 30) that remained in contact to Emdogain gel for 90 days. Baseline and 90-days after Emdogain treatment measurements were performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and Knoop indenters. The use of EMD (Emdogain) for 90 days in contact with human root canal dentin specimens did not alter the microhardness and morphology of dentin. The elemental structure of dentin was altered because there was a reduction in carbonate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karime Tavares Lima da Silva
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Instituto Florence, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Resende de Miranda
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Resende Novais
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Rodrigues da Silva
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose Bauer
- Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, University Federal of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Ceci Nunes Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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Mocuta Bojoga DE, Grad Buriac O, Mateas M, Luca R, Carmen Todea D. Comparative Evaluation of Influence of Nd:YAG Laser (1064 nm) and 980 nm Diode Laser on Enamel around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:633. [PMID: 35630050 PMCID: PMC9145095 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The prevention of demineralizing lesions at the enamel structure level continues to represent a challenge in daily dental practice. When bacteria influence the pH level, this will decrease below the threshold for remineralization and the dissociation of hydroxyapatite will occur with a high percentage of phosphate and calcium loss. These elements continue to be studied by many authors in order to obtain a working protocol that will lead to their stabilization at the level of the enamel structure, thus preventing the demineralization process. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the influence of two types of laser wavelengths on the surface morphology and mineral components of the enamel through an examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). (2) Methods: Thirty permanent human incisors extracted for periodontal reasons from patients aged 25−40 years old were selected for this study. Metallic brackets (SS Standard 022 Slot, OC Orthodontics, McMinnville, OR, 97128, USA) were bonded onto each tooth. The buccal surface was randomly assigned three sections: Section A—negative control (no treatment), section B—treated with 980 nm Gallium−Aluminum−Arsenide diode laser (a 300 µm optic fiber was used with 0.8 W output power, energy density of 5.33 J/mm2, in continuous mode, for 30 s, oriented perpendicularly to the enamel surface in contact mode) (KaVo GENTLEray 980 Diode Laser, Kaltenbach & Voigt GmbH, Biberach, Germany), and section C—treated with Nd:YAG laser (a 300 µm fiber was carried out at a 1 mm distance from the enamel surface with 0.75 W power, 75 mJ pulse energy, pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz, 5 J/mm2 fluency, average exposure time of 30 s, and water cooling assisted) (LIGHTWALKER AT S, M021-5AF/1 S, Fotona d.o.o, Ljubljana, Slovenia). The elements evaluated in this study were calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), oxygen (O), and carbon (C). A one-way analysis of variance, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests were carried out to evaluate the results using the SPSS 19 IBM Statistical package software for Microsoft. (3) Results: The evaluation of the data indicated that both wavelengths produced an increase in Ca wt% (for diode laser the mean of Ca wt% before irradiation was 21.06, while that after treatment reached 28.24; and for Nd:YAG laser, the mean of Ca wt% before irradiation was 21.31, while that after treatment reached 33.88); as well, the 980 nm diode laser decreased P wt% (from 17.20 before irradiation to 16.92 after irradiation) and the Nd:YAG laser increased P wt% (from 17.46 before irradiation to 18.28 after irradiation). These results showed a statistically significant difference at the p < 0.05 level. (4) Conclusions: It can be concluded that the best improvement of enamel chemical composition was obtained with Nd:YAG irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliana-Emanuela Mocuta Bojoga
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Avenue, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Avenue, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Grad Buriac
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Research Institute for Renewable Energy, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Piata Victoriei, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mateas
- Mechatronics Department, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, 1 Mihai Viteazu Avenue, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Luca
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Avenue, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Avenue, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Darinca Carmen Todea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Avenue, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Avenue, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
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Dias-Moraes MC, Castro PAA, Pereira DL, Ana PA, Freitas AZ, Zezell DM. Assessment of the preventive effects of Nd:YAG laser associated with fluoride on enamel caries using optical coherence tomography and FTIR spectroscopy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254217. [PMID: 34234361 PMCID: PMC8263272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This in vitro study characterized and monitored, by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the effects of the association of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF-gel) and Nd:YAG (neodymiun:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser, as sequencial treatments, in the prevention of incipient enamel caries lesions. Methods 120 human enamel samples were randomized into 3 groups (n = 40): APF-gel (1.23% F-, 4 min.); Laser+APF (Nd:YAG laser irradiation—0.6W, 84.9J/cm2, 10Hz, followed by APF-gel); and APF+Laser (APF-gel followed by laser irradiation). The samples were subjected to a 15-day pH-cycling, evaluated by OCT (quantification of optical attenuation coefficient–OAC) and FTIR (analysis of carbonate and phosphate content) before treatments, after treatments, and on the 5th, 10th and 15th days of pH-cycling. The statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%). Results The Optical Attenuation Coefficient (OAC) assessed by OCT increases with the progression of demineralization, and the Laser+APF presented the highest values of OAC in 10th and 15th days of pH-cycling. Nd:YAG decreased the carbonate content after treatment regardless of the application order of the APF-gel, while APF-gel did not interfere in the composition of enamel. The carbonate content was also changed in the first 5 days of the pH-cycling in all groups. Conclusion Nd:YAG laser irradiation before or after the application of APF-gel did not influence the appearance of incipient caries lesions, showing no synergistic effect. Regardless of the application order of the APF-gel, laser irradiation reduces the carbonate content of the enamel, which also changes during the demineralization process. However, irradiation before the application of APF-gel increased the speed of progression of the lesions, which positively impacts public health as it can prevent caries disease, even in high risk individuals. OCT and FTIR are suitable for assessing this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Cristina Dias-Moraes
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN—CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Arthur Augusto Castro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN—CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daísa Lima Pereira
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN—CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aparecida Ana
- Center for Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Zanardi Freitas
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN—CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Zezell
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN—CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Penha KJDS, Roma FRVDO, Torres CRG, Bauer JRO, Firoozmand LM. Effect of bioactive glasses and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser on dentin permeability. J Conserv Dent 2021; 23:583-588. [PMID: 34083913 PMCID: PMC8095690 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_453_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Dental hypersensitivity and loss of dental tissues are commonly observed in patients, and most of the problems are caused due to total or partial exposure of dentinal tubules. Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of 45S5 bioactive glass and niobophosphate (NbG) associated with neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for the reduction of dentin permeability. Materials and Methods: Fifty bovine dentin discs were made and distributed randomly into five groups (n = 10). The Nd:YAG laser was applied with the bioactive glasses using the energy parameters (60 and 80 mJ), forming the groups; NbG_60: NbG + Nd:YAG (60 mJ); NbG_80: NbG + Nd:YAG (80 mJ), 45S5_60: 45S5 + Nd:YAG (60 mJ); 45S5_80: 45S5 + Nd:YAG (80 mJ) and C: control (untreated dentin). The permeability was measured with a split chamber device. The samples were subjected to the erosive challenge and a new permeability measurement was done. Furthermore, the dentin was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's tests (α = 0.05). Results: Greater reduction in dentinal permeability was observed for 45S5 bioactive glasses (45S5_60 and 45S5_80) followed by NbG_80 and NbG_60 (P < 0.05). The SEM/EDS analysis showed the formation of a barrier after the dentin treatment. Conclusions: Bioactive glasses with Nd:YAG laser on the dentin surface may be a promising alternative for the reduction of dentin permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (UNESP) - São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
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Seredin P, Goloshchapov D, Ippolitov Y, Vongsvivut J. Development of a new approach to diagnosis of the early fluorosis forms by means of FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20891. [PMID: 33262412 PMCID: PMC7708976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the features of mineralization of the enamel apatite at initial stages of fluorosis development. Samples of teeth with intact and fluorotic enamel in an early stage of the disease development (Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index = 1-3) were studied by Raman scattering and FTIR using Infrared Microspectroscopy beamline at Australian Synchrotron equipment. Based on the data obtained by optical microspectroscopy and calculation of the coefficient R [A-type/B-type], which represents the ratio of carbonation fraction of CO32-, replacing phosphate or hydroxyl radicals in the enamel apatite lattice, the features of mineralization of enamel apatite in the initial stages of development of the pathology caused by an increased content of fluorine in the oral cavity were established. Statistical analysis of the data showed significant differences in the mean values of R [A-type/B-type] ratio between the control and experimental groups for surface layers (p < 0.01). The data obtained are potentially significant as benchmarks in the development of a new approach to preventive diagnostics of the development of initial and clinically unregistered stages of human teeth fluorosis, as well as personalized control of the use of fluoride-containing caries-preventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Seredin
- Department of Solid State Physics and Nanostructures, Voronezh State University, University Sq. 1, Voronezh, Russia, 394018.
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002.
| | - Dmitry Goloshchapov
- Department of Solid State Physics and Nanostructures, Voronezh State University, University Sq. 1, Voronezh, Russia, 394018
| | - Yuri Ippolitov
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry With Orthodontia, Voronezh State Medical University, Studentcheskaya St. 11, Voronezh, Russia, 394006
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Australian Synchrotron (Synchrotron Light Source Australia Pty LTD), 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
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Karthikeyan R, Yadalam PK, Anand AJ, Padmanabhan K, Sivaram G. Morphological and Chemical Alterations of Root Surface after Er:YAG laser, Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation: A Scanning Electron Microscopic and Infrared Spectroscopy Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:205-212. [PMID: 32670910 PMCID: PMC7339995 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_437_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers in removing the smear layer and to study the morphological and chemical alterations of the root surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Material and Methods Fifty-five extracted upper incisor teeth were collected and 110 specimens of size 3 mm × 4 mm × 1 mm were prepared. For SEM evaluation, these samples were divided into six groups: A, B, and C. Group A comprised five samples that served as control. Groups B and C were further divided into five subgroups and each subgroup comprised five samples. All the specimens within the subgroups of B and C irradiated with 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mJ of Er:YAG laser and 211.66, 423.33, 635, 846.66, and 1058.33 J/cm2 of Nd:YAG laser, respectively. The morphological changes of the laser-treated sites were observed qualitatively using an arbitrary scale under SEM. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) multiple range test by Turkey's honestly significant difference and Mann-Whitney U test. In chemical structural changes, Group D comprised five samples that served as nonirradiated control and Groups E and F were irradiated with the same aforementioned parameter and evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Results Er:YAG laser at 100 mJ effectively removed smear layer without any crater formation. The Nd:YAG laser removed the smear layer at the energy density of 211.66 J/cm2 and 423.33J/cm2. The energy density of 1058.33 J/cm2 showed visible charring and deep crater with increased area of melted and resolidified minerals in SEM. In the chemical changes, IR spectroscopy graph showed the reduction in peak intensity beyond 846.66 J/cm2 of and new absorption band was noticed (2010cm-1 and 2017cm-1) at samples treated with 846.66 and 1058.33 J/cm2 of Nd:YAG laser. Conclusion Er:YAG laser at lower energy density effectively removed smear layer without production of toxic substance as compared with Nd:YAG laser. Thus, Er:YAG laser can be used as an effective root biomodification agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karthikeyan
- Depatment of Dental Surgery, Govt Royapettah Hospital, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Yadalam
- Department Of Periodontics, SRM Dental College and Hospitals, Katankulathur, Chennai, TN, India
| | - A J Anand
- Department of Periodontics, Tamilnadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Kamalakannan Padmanabhan
- Department of Dental Surgery, Periyar Nagar Peripheral Hospital, Stanly Medical College, Chennai, TN, India
| | - G Sivaram
- Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, TN, India
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Jacob S, Babu A, Sasidharan Latha S, Vivekanandan Glorine SJ, Surendran L, Gopinathan AS. Independent Variables of Dental Erosion among Tertiary Care Hospital Patients of a Developing Country. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:612-618. [PMID: 32039082 PMCID: PMC6905309 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_340_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition, which is mostly influenced by environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental erosion, its associated risk factors, and their correlation with severity of the condition. Materials and Methods A total of 430 patients who attended the outpatient section of Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, were selected by systematic sampling method. Erosion was diagnosed by clinical examination and graded using Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. A pretested structured questionnaire on age, gender, medical history, medication history, and food habits was used. Results and Conclusion Among the study population, 44% (95% confidence interval, 39.3%-48.7%) had dental erosion. Age above 45 years (79.7%, P = 0.000), male population (50%, P = 0.032), residents of rural area (49.1%, P = 0.000), patients with asthma (84.2%, P = 0.000), diabetes (90.9%, P = 0.000), gastroesophageal reflux disorder (91.7%, P = 0.001), and frequent consumption of orange (68.9%, P = 0.000) were identified as factors associated with erosion. The prevalence of dental erosion in the community was high. Results of the study established that better awareness of the condition, better facilities for its early diagnosis in the community, and development of proper preventive strategies are required to reduce the severity of dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jacob
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anulekh Babu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesh Sasidharan Latha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Linu Surendran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anupama S Gopinathan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Onwubu SC, Mdluli PS, Singh S, Nyembe S, Thakur R. An In Situ Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Nano Eggshell/Titanium Dioxide against Erosive Acids. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:4216415. [PMID: 30631360 PMCID: PMC6304922 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4216415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enamel erosion caused by high consumption of acidic drinks poses a significant public health concern. This study was aimed to determine the protective effect of eggshell-titanium dioxide composite (EB@TiO2) against erosive acids on tooth enamel. METHODS Twenty prepared bovine tooth enamel specimens were randomly assigned to 5 sample groups (n=4): (1) unexposed tooth enamel; (2) exposed tooth enamel + HCI; (3) exposed tooth enamel + HCI + Colgate toothpaste; (4) exposed tooth enamel + HCI + Sensodyne toothpaste; and (5) exposed tooth enamel + HCI + EB@TiO2. The mean roughness value (R rms) of the exposed and unexposed tooth was measured with atomic force microscope (AFM). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to evaluate the surface morphology and changes. ANOVA was used to analyze the mean square roughness (R rms) values for all specimens. Bonferonni correction was used to identify the mean differences among the 5 groups (α=0.05). The R rms values measured for the unexposed and exposed specimens in HCI alone were statistically significant (P < 0.05). RESULTS No significant differences were found for the unexposed and exposed specimens in HCI + toothpaste and EB@TiO2. The tooth enamel specimens exposed to HCI + Sensodyne had the highest R rms values, while specimens exposed to HCI + EB@TiO2 had the lowest R rms values. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that the investigated toothpaste provides protection against acidic substances. The study results further suggests that EB@TiO2 could be used to provide enhanced protection for tooth enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shenuka Singh
- Discipline of Dentistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
| | - Sanele Nyembe
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Rookmoney Thakur
- Dental Sciences, Durban University of Technology (DUT), Durban, South Africa
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