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Sun Q, Xu J, Yuan F, Liu Y, Chen Q, Guo L, Dong H, Liu B. RND1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma via AKT/GSK3-β pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2321770. [PMID: 38444223 PMCID: PMC10936657 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2321770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
GBM is one of the most malignant tumor in central nervous system. The resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) is inevitable in GBM and the characterization of TMZ resistance seriously hinders clinical treatment. It is worthwhile exploring the underlying mechanism of aggressive invasion and TMZ resistance in GBM treatment. Bioinformatic analysis was used to analyze the association between RND1 and a series of EMT-related genes. Colony formation assay and cell viability assay were used to assess the growth of U87 and U251 cells. The cell invasion status was evaluated based on transwell and wound-healing assays. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression in GBM cells. Treatment targeted RND1 combined with TMZ therapy was conducted in nude mice to evaluate the potential application of RND1 as a clinical target for GBM. The overexpression of RND1 suppressed the progression and migration of U87 and U251 cells. RND1 knockdown facilitated the growth and invasion of GBM cells. RND1 regulated the EMT of GBM cells via inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3-β. The promoted effects of RND1 on TMZ sensitivity was identified both in vitro and in vivo. This research demonstrated that the overexpression of RND1 suppressed the migration and EMT status by downregulating AKT/GSK3-β pathway in GBM. RND1 enhanced the TMZ sensitivity of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings may contribute to the targeted therapy for GBM and the understanding of mechanisms of TMZ resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Office of director, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan’en Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lirui Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huimin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Huang H, Wang S, Guan Y, Ren J, Liu X. Molecular basis and current insights of atypical Rho small GTPase in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:141. [PMID: 38236467 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Atypical Rho GTPases are a subtype of the Rho GTPase family that are involved in diverse cellular processes. The typical Rho GTPases, led by RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, have been well studied, while relative studies on atypical Rho GTPases are relatively still limited and have great exploration potential. With the increase in studies, current evidence suggests that atypical Rho GTPases regulate multiple biological processes and play important roles in the occurrence and development of human cancers. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the molecular basis of atypical Rho GTPases and their roles in cancer. We summarize the sequence characteristics, subcellular localization and biological functions of each atypical Rho GTPase. Moreover, we review the recent advances and potential mechanisms of atypical Rho GTPases in the development of multiple cancers. A comprehensive understanding and extensive exploration of the biological functions of atypical Rho GTPases and their molecular mechanisms in tumors will provide important insights into the pathophysiology of tumors and the development of cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yifei Guan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Wang Z, Xing K, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Chai T, Geng J, Qin X, Zhang X, Xu C. Identification of Prognostic Gene Signatures by Developing a scRNA-Seq-Based Integration Approach to Predict Recurrence and Chemotherapy Benefit in Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12460. [PMID: 36293319 PMCID: PMC9604003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective identification of robust biomarkers related to prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy has become a necessary and critical step to predict the benefits of adjuvant therapy for patients with stage II–III colorectal cancer (CRC) before clinical treatment. We proposed a single-cell-based prognostic biomarker recognition approach to identify and construct CRC up- and down-regulated prognostic signatures (CUPsig and CDPsig) by integrating scRNA-seq and bulk datasets. We found that most genes in CUPsig and CDPsig were known disease genes, and they had good prognostic abilities in CRC validation datasets. Multivariate analysis confirmed that they were two independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival (DFS). Significantly, CUPsig and CDPsig could effectively predict adjuvant chemotherapy benefits in drug-treated validation datasets. Additionally, they also performed well in patients with CMS4 subtype. Subsequent analysis of drug sensitivity showed that expressions of these two signatures were significantly associated with the sensitivities of CRC cell lines to multiple drugs. In summary, we proposed a novel prognostic biomarker identification approach, which could be used to identify novel prognostic markers for stage II–III CRC patients who will undergo adjuvant chemotherapy and facilitate their further personalized treatments.
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Kumar A, Mishra S, Kumar A, Raut AA, Sato S, Takaoka A, Kumar H. Essential role of Rnd1 in innate immunity during viral and bacterial infections. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:520. [PMID: 35654795 PMCID: PMC9161769 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular and cell surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are an essential part of innate immune recognition and host defense. Here, we have compared the innate immune responses between humans and bats to identify a novel membrane-associated protein, Rnd1, which defends against viral and bacterial infection in an interferon-independent manner. Rnd1 belongs to the Rho GTPase family, but unlike other small GTPase members, it is constitutively active. We show that Rnd1 is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines during viral and bacterial infections and provides protection against these pathogens through two distinct mechanisms. Rnd1 counteracts intracellular calcium fluctuations by inhibiting RhoA activation, thereby inhibiting virus internalisation. On the other hand, Rnd1 also facilitates pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α through Plxnb1, which are highly effective against intracellular bacterial infections. These data provide a novel Rnd1-mediated innate defense against viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Shalabh Mishra
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Ashwin Ashok Raut
- grid.506025.40000 0004 5997 407XPathogenomics Lab, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Seiichi Sato
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- grid.462376.20000 0004 1763 8131Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971WPI Immunology, Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Sun Q, Xu Y, Yuan F, Qi Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu B. Rho family GTPase 1 (RND1), a novel regulator of p53, enhances ferroptosis in glioblastoma. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:53. [PMID: 35505371 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00791-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is an iron dependent cell death closely associated with p53 signaling pathway and is aberrantly regulated in glioblastoma (GBM), yet the underlying mechanism needs more exploration. Identifying new factors which regulate p53 and ferroptosis in GBM is essential for treatment. Methods Glioma cell growth was evaluated by cell viability assays and colony formation assays. Lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, lipid peroxidation assays, glutathione assays, and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the degree of cellular lipid peroxidation of GBM. The mechanisms of RND1 in regulation of p53 signaling were analyzed by RT-PCR, western blot, immunostaining, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays and luciferase reporter assays. The GBM‐xenografted animal model was constructed and the tumor was captured by an In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS). Results From the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we summarized that Rho family GTPase 1 (RND1) expression was downregulated in GBM and predicted a better prognosis of patients with GBM. We observed that RND1 influenced the glioma cell growth in a ferroptosis-dependent manner when GBM cell lines U87 and A172 were treated with Ferrostatin-1 or Erastin. Mechanistically, we found that RND1 interacted with p53 and led to the de-ubiquitination of p53 protein. Furthermore, the overexpression of RND1 promoted the activity of p53-SLC7A11 signaling pathway, therefore inducing the lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis of GBM. Conclusions We found that RND1, a novel controller of p53 protein and a positive regulator of p53 signaling pathway, enhanced the ferroptosis in GBM. This study may shed light on the understanding of ferroptosis in GBM cells and provide new therapeutic ideas for GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00791-w.
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Zhou Y, Yan J, Chen H, Zhou W, Xiao G, Zou H, Yang J. MiR-4652-5p Targets RND1 to Regulate Cell Adhesion and Promote Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022. [PMID: 35334070 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is one subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer, whose pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Exploring molecular mechanisms of LUSC helps a lot with the development of LUSC novel therapy. Hence, our study aims to investigate novel molecular mechanisms. Differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A series of assays were applied to test cell functions, including qRT-PCR to analyze RND1 and miR-4652-5p expression, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay to verify the targeting relationship between these two genes, cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays to evaluate the ability of LUSC cells to proliferate, transwell to examine the migratory and invasive abilities, and western blot to test expression of RND1 and cell adhesion-related proteins. RND1 was lowly expressed while miR-4652-5p was highly expressed in LUSC cells. The correlation between these two genes was significantly negative and miR-4652-5p could downregulate RND1 expression. Additionally, cellular function assays validated that RND1 suppressed LUSC cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Besides, this gene might also affect cell adhesion. Furthermore, rescue assay suggested that miR-4652-5p downregulated RND1 expression to promote the progression of LUSC cells. Together, miR-4652-5p targeted RND1 to modulate cell adhesion and the progression of LUSC cells.
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7
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Johnson CW, Seo HS, Terrell EM, Yang MH, KleinJan F, Gebregiworgis T, Gasmi-Seabrook GMC, Geffken EA, Lakhani J, Song K, Bashyal P, Popow O, Paulo JA, Liu A, Mattos C, Marshall CB, Ikura M, Morrison DK, Dhe-Paganon S, Haigis KM. Regulation of GTPase function by autophosphorylation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:950-968.e14. [PMID: 35202574 PMCID: PMC8986090 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A unifying feature of the RAS superfamily is a conserved GTPase cycle by which these proteins transition between active and inactive states. We demonstrate that autophosphorylation of some GTPases is an intrinsic regulatory mechanism that reduces nucleotide hydrolysis and enhances nucleotide exchange, altering the on/off switch that forms the basis for their signaling functions. Using X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, binding assays, and molecular dynamics on autophosphorylated mutants of H-RAS and K-RAS, we show that phosphoryl transfer from GTP requires dynamic movement of the switch II region and that autophosphorylation promotes nucleotide exchange by opening the active site and extracting the stabilizing Mg2+. Finally, we demonstrate that autophosphorylated K-RAS exhibits altered effector interactions, including a reduced affinity for RAF proteins in mammalian cells. Thus, autophosphorylation leads to altered active site dynamics and effector interaction properties, creating a pool of GTPases that are functionally distinct from their non-phosphorylated counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Terrell
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Moon-Hee Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fenneke KleinJan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Teklab Gebregiworgis
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Ezekiel A Geffken
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jimit Lakhani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kijun Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Puspalata Bashyal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olesja Popow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrea Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carla Mattos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mitsuhiko Ikura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Migration is one of the five major behaviors of cells. Although RhoC—a classic member of the Rho gene family—was first identified in 1985, functional RhoC data have only been widely reported in recent years. Cell migration involves highly complex signaling mechanisms, in which RhoC plays an essential role. Cell migration regulated by RhoC—of which the most well-known function is its role in cancer metastasis—has been widely reported in breast, gastric, colon, bladder, prostate, lung, pancreatic, liver, and other cancers. Our review describes the role of RhoC in various types of cell migration. The classic two-dimensional cell migration cycle constitutes cell polarization, adhesion regulation, cell contraction and tail retraction, most of which are modulated by RhoC. In the three-dimensional cell migration model, amoeboid migration is the most classic and well-studied model. Here, RhoC modulates the formation of membrane vesicles by regulating myosin II, thereby affecting the rate and persistence of amoeba-like migration. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to describe the role of RhoC in all cell migration processes. We believe that understanding the detail of RhoC-regulated migration processes will help us better comprehend the mechanism of cancer metastasis. This will contribute to the study of anti-metastatic treatment approaches, aiding in the identification of new intervention targets for therapeutic or genetic transformational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Lou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingzhang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Galiègue‐Zouitina S, Fu Q, Carton‐Latreche C, Poret N, Cheok M, Leprêtre F, Figeac M, Quesnel B, El Bouazzati H, Shelley CS. Bimodal expression of
RHOH
during myelomonocytic differentiation: Implications for the expansion of AML differentiation therapy. eJHaem 2021; 2:196-210. [PMID: 35845268 PMCID: PMC9175762 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
RhoH is an unusual member of the Rho family of small GTP‐binding proteins in that it lacks GTPase activity. Since the RhoH protein is constantly bound by GTP, it is constitutively active and controlled predominantly by changes in quantitative expression. Abnormal levels of RHOH gene transcripts have been linked to a range of malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). One of the hallmarks of AML is a block in the normal program of myeloid differentiation. Here we investigate how myeloid differentiation is controlled by the quantitative expression of RHOH. Our analysis demonstrates that increasingly mature myeloid cells express progressively lower levels of RHOH. However, as monocytic myeloid cells terminally differentiate into macrophages, RHOH expression is up‐regulated. This up‐regulation is not apparent in AML where myeloid differentiation is blocked at stages of low RHOH expression. Nevertheless, when the up‐regulation of RHOH is forced, then terminal macrophage differentiation is induced and the Cdc42 and Wnt intracellular signalling pathways are repressed. These results indicate that RHOH induction is a driver of terminal differentiation and might represent a means of effecting AML differentiation therapy. The potential of this therapeutic strategy is supported by forced up‐regulation of RHOH reducing the ability of AML cells to produce tumours in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Galiègue‐Zouitina
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
| | - Qiangwei Fu
- California Institute for Biomedical Research La Jolla California USA
| | - Céline Carton‐Latreche
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Poret
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
| | - Meyling Cheok
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
- Canther UMR 1277 Inserm‐9020 CNRS Lille University Lille France
| | - Frédéric Leprêtre
- UMS 2014 ‐ US 41 Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale Lille University Lille France
| | - Martin Figeac
- UMS 2014 ‐ US 41 Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale Lille University Lille France
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
- Canther UMR 1277 Inserm‐9020 CNRS Lille University Lille France
- CHU Lille Service des Maladies du Sang Lille France
| | - Hassiba El Bouazzati
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
- Canther UMR 1277 Inserm‐9020 CNRS Lille University Lille France
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10
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Abstract
Rnd proteins constitute a subfamily of Rho GTPases represented in mammals by Rnd1, Rnd2 and Rnd3. Despite their GTPase structure, their specific feature is the inability to hydrolyse GTP-bound nucleotide. This aspect makes them atypical among Rho GTPases. Rnds are regulated for their expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels and they are activated through post-translational modifications and interactions with other proteins. Rnd proteins are mainly involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell proliferation. Whereas Rnd3 is ubiquitously expressed, Rnd1 and 2 are tissue-specific. Increasing data has described their important role during development and diseases. Herein, we describe their involvement in physiological and pathological conditions with a focus on the neuronal and vascular systems, and summarize their implications in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Basbous
- INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roberta Azzarelli
- Department of Biology, Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilie Pacary
- INSERM, U1215 - Neurocentre Magendie, F-33077, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Jung H, Yoon SR, Lim J, Cho HJ, Lee HG. Dysregulation of Rho GTPases in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1179. [PMID: 32392742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases play central roles in numerous cellular processes, including cell motility, cell polarity, and cell cycle progression, by regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. Dysregulation of Rho GTPase signaling is observed in a broad range of human cancers, and is associated with cancer development and malignant phenotypes, including metastasis and chemoresistance. Rho GTPase activity is precisely controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GTPase-activating proteins, and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors. Recent evidence demonstrates that it is also regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of Rho GTPases, and the precise mechanisms controlling their activity in the regulation of cancer progression. In addition, we discuss targeting strategies for the development of new drugs to improve cancer therapy.
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