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Varghese TP. Genetic Markers of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102588. [PMID: 38657720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause mortality in developed as well as developing nations, and has now emerged as one of the leading causes of disability and mortality around the globe. According to the World Health Organization, four out of every five patients with cardiovascular disease die from a myocardial infarction each year. Numerous genes have been linked to coronary artery disease, influencing mechanisms such as blood pressure regulation, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cardiac activity. Genetic variations or mutations in these genes can affect lipid metabolism, blood pressure management, and heart function, increasing the risk of obesity, metabolic disorders, and resulting in the development of cardiovascular disease. Understanding the role of genes and related complications are essential for the identification, management, and prevention of cardiovascular conditions. Performing a genetic test for variations in the gene may help identify people as well as their families who are at a greater risk of heart disease, which enables risk identification and timely intervention. . This article investigates the applications of genetic biomarkers in cardiac disorders such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure, with an emphasis on individual genes and their effects on mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treesa P Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Ayush campus, Naringana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Delgado-Bermúdez A, Yeste M, Bonet S, Pinart E. Physiological role of potassium channels in mammalian germ cell differentiation, maturation, and capacitation. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38436215 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels are essential for differentiation and maturation of germ cells, and even for fertilization in mammals. Different types of potassium channels have been identified, which are grouped into voltage-gated channels (Kv), ligand-gated channels (Kligand ), inwardly rectifying channels (Kir ), and tandem pore domain channels (K2P ). MATERIAL-METHODS The present review includes recent findings on the role of potassium channels in sperm physiology of mammals. RESULTS-DISCUSSION While most studies conducted thus far have been focused on the physiological role of voltage- (Kv1, Kv3, and Kv7) and calcium-gated channels (SLO1 and SLO3) during sperm capacitation, especially in humans and rodents, little data about the types of potassium channels present in the plasma membrane of differentiating germ cells exist. In spite of this, recent evidence suggests that the content and regulation mechanisms of these channels vary throughout spermatogenesis. Potassium channels are also essential for the regulation of sperm cell volume during epididymal maturation and for preventing premature membrane hyperpolarization. It is important to highlight that the nature, biochemical properties, localization, and regulation mechanisms of potassium channels are species-specific. In effect, while SLO3 is the main potassium channel involved in the K+ current during sperm capacitation in rodents, different potassium channels are implicated in the K+ outflow and, thus, plasma membrane hyperpolarization during sperm capacitation in other mammalian species, such as humans and pigs. CONCLUSIONS Potassium conductance is essential for male fertility, not only during sperm capacitation but throughout the spermiogenesis and epididymal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Delgado-Bermúdez
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Cell Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Cell Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Cell Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Pinart
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Cell Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Li S, Yan B, Wu B, Su J, Lu J, Lam TW, Boheler KR, Poon ENY, Luo R. Integrated modeling framework reveals co-regulation of transcription factors, miRNAs and lncRNAs on cardiac developmental dynamics. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:247. [PMID: 37705079 PMCID: PMC10500942 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dissecting complex interactions among transcription factors (TFs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are central for understanding heart development and function. Although computational approaches and platforms have been described to infer relationships among regulatory factors and genes, current approaches do not adequately account for how highly diverse, interacting regulators that include noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) control cardiac gene expression dynamics over time. METHODS To overcome this limitation, we devised an integrated framework, cardiac gene regulatory modeling (CGRM) that integrates LogicTRN and regulatory component analysis bioinformatics modeling platforms to infer complex regulatory mechanisms. We then used CGRM to identify and compare the TF-ncRNA gene regulatory networks that govern early- and late-stage cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated by in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) and ventricular and atrial CMs isolated during in vivo human cardiac development. RESULTS Comparisons of in vitro versus in vivo derived CMs revealed conserved regulatory networks among TFs and ncRNAs in early cells that significantly diverged in late staged cells. We report that cardiac genes ("heart targets") expressed in early-stage hPSC-CMs are primarily regulated by MESP1, miR-1, miR-23, lncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1, while GATA6, HAND2, miR-200c, NEAT1 and MALAT1 are critical for late hPSC-CMs. The inferred TF-miRNA-lncRNA networks regulating heart development and contraction were similar among early-stage CMs, among individual hPSC-CM datasets and between in vitro and in vivo samples. However, genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation, and transmembrane transport showed a high degree of divergence between in vitro and in vivo derived late-stage CMs. Overall, late-, but not early-stage CMs diverged greatly in the expression of "heart target" transcripts and their regulatory mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we find that hPSC-CMs are regulated in a cell autonomous manner during early development that diverges significantly as a function of time when compared to in vivo derived CMs. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using CGRM to reveal dynamic and complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory interactions that underlie cell directed versus environment-dependent CM development. These results with in vitro versus in vivo derived CMs thus establish this approach for detailed analyses of heart disease and for the analysis of cell regulatory systems in other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Li
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junhao Su
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianliang Lu
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak-Wah Lam
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and The Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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De la Cruz A, Wu X, Rainer QC, Hiniesto-Iñigo I, Perez ME, Edler I, Liin SI, Larsson HP. Pharmacological Screening of Kv7.1 and Kv7.1/KCNE1 Activators as Potential Antiarrhythmic Drugs in the Zebrafish Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12092. [PMID: 37569465 PMCID: PMC10418701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) can lead to ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. The most common congenital cause of LQTS is mutations in the channel subunits generating the cardiac potassium current IKs. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been proposed as a powerful system to model human cardiac diseases due to the similar electrical properties of the zebrafish heart and the human heart. We used high-resolution all-optical electrophysiology on ex vivo zebrafish hearts to assess the effects of IKs analogues on the cardiac action potential. We found that chromanol 293B (an IKs inhibitor) prolonged the action potential duration (APD) in the presence of E4031 (an IKr inhibitor applied to drug-induced LQT2), and to a lesser extent, in the absence of E4031. Moreover, we showed that PUFA analogues slightly shortened the APD of the zebrafish heart. However, PUFA analogues failed to reverse the APD prolongation in drug-induced LQT2. However, a more potent IKs activator, ML-277, partially reversed the APD prolongation in drug-induced LQT2 zebrafish hearts. Our results suggest that IKs plays a limited role in ventricular repolarizations in the zebrafish heart under resting conditions, although it plays a more important role when the IKr is compromised, as if the IKs in zebrafish serves as a repolarization reserve as in human hearts. This study shows that potent IKs activators can restore the action potential duration in drug-induced LQT2 in the zebrafish heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia De la Cruz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xiaoan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Quinn C. Rainer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Irene Hiniesto-Iñigo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marta E. Perez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Isak Edler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sara I. Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - H. Peter Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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5
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Fender H, Walter K, Kiper AK, Plačkić J, Kisko TM, Braun MD, Schwarting RKW, Rohrbach S, Wöhr M, Decher N, Kockskämper J. Calcium Handling Remodeling Underlies Impaired Sympathetic Stress Response in Ventricular Myocardium from Cacna1c Haploinsufficient Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9795. [PMID: 37372947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CACNA1C encodes the pore-forming α1C subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel, Cav1.2. Mutations and polymorphisms of the gene are associated with neuropsychiatric and cardiac disease. Haploinsufficient Cacna1c+/- rats represent a recently developed model with a behavioral phenotype, but its cardiac phenotype is unknown. Here, we unraveled the cardiac phenotype of Cacna1c+/- rats with a main focus on cellular Ca2+ handling mechanisms. Under basal conditions, isolated ventricular Cacna1c+/- myocytes exhibited unaltered L-type Ca2+ current, Ca2+ transients (CaTs), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load, fractional release, and sarcomere shortenings. However, immunoblotting of left ventricular (LV) tissue revealed reduced expression of Cav1.2, increased expression of SERCA2a and NCX, and augmented phosphorylation of RyR2 (at S2808) in Cacna1c+/- rats. The β-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline increased amplitude and accelerated decay of CaTs and sarcomere shortenings in both Cacna1c+/- and WT myocytes. However, the isoprenaline effect on CaT amplitude and fractional shortening (but not CaT decay) was impaired in Cacna1c+/- myocytes exhibiting both reduced potency and efficacy. Moreover, sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx and fractional SR Ca2+ release after treatment with isoprenaline were smaller in Cacna1c+/- than in WT myocytes. In Langendorff-perfused hearts, the isoprenaline-induced increase in RyR2 phosphorylation at S2808 and S2814 was attenuated in Cacna1c+/- compared to WT hearts. Despite unaltered CaTs and sarcomere shortenings, Cacna1c+/- myocytes display remodeling of Ca2+ handling proteins under basal conditions. Mimicking sympathetic stress with isoprenaline unmasks an impaired ability to stimulate Ca2+ influx, SR Ca2+ release, and CaTs caused, in part, by reduced phosphorylation reserve of RyR2 in Cacna1c+/- cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Fender
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kim Walter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aytug K Kiper
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Plačkić
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Theresa M Kisko
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Moria D Braun
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, University of Gießen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Research Group, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Brennan S, Alnaimi AIM, McGuinness LR, Abdelaziz MIM, McKenzie RA, Draycott S, Whitmore J, Sharma P, Rainbow RD. Slowly activating voltage-gated potassium current potentiation by ML277 is a novel cardioprotective intervention. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad156. [PMID: 37234204 PMCID: PMC10208113 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is thought to account for nearly a third of deaths worldwide, with ischemic heart disease, including acute coronary syndromes such as myocardial infarction, accounting for 1.7 million deaths per year. There is a clear need for interventions to impart cardioprotection against ischemia. Here, we show that the slowly activating voltage-gated potassium current (IKs) potentiator ML277 imparts cardioprotection against ischemia in cellular and whole-heart models by modulating the action potential duration. In three different metabolic inhibition and reperfusion models, an increased contractile recovery and cell survival was observed with ML277, indicative of protection. Finally, ML277 reduced infarct size in an ex vivo Langendorff coronary ligation model, including if only applied on reperfusion. In conclusion, potentiation of the IKs with ML277 imparted a cardioprotection that was equivalent to the protection reported previously by ischemic preconditioning. These data suggest that IKs potentiation may be therapeutically useful in acute coronary syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Brennan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Abrar I M Alnaimi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Lauren R McGuinness
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Muhammad I M Abdelaziz
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Robert A McKenzie
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Sophie Draycott
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Jacob Whitmore
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Parveen Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Richard D Rainbow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, L7 8TX, UK
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7
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Verkerk AO, Wilders R. Human Sinoatrial Node Pacemaker Activity: Role of the Slow Component of the Delayed Rectifier K + Current, I Ks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7264. [PMID: 37108427 PMCID: PMC10138838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node (SAN) has been studied extensively in animal species but is virtually unexplored in humans. Here we assess the role of the slowly activating component of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) in human SAN pacemaker activity and its dependence on heart rate and β-adrenergic stimulation. HEK-293 cells were transiently transfected with wild-type KCNQ1 and KCNE1 cDNA, encoding the α- and β-subunits of the IKs channel, respectively. KCNQ1/KCNE1 currents were recorded both during a traditional voltage clamp and during an action potential (AP) clamp with human SAN-like APs. Forskolin (10 µmol/L) was used to increase the intracellular cAMP level, thus mimicking β-adrenergic stimulation. The experimentally observed effects were evaluated in the Fabbri-Severi computer model of an isolated human SAN cell. Transfected HEK-293 cells displayed large IKs-like outward currents in response to depolarizing voltage clamp steps. Forskolin significantly increased the current density and significantly shifted the half-maximal activation voltage towards more negative potentials. Furthermore, forskolin significantly accelerated activation without affecting the rate of deactivation. During an AP clamp, the KCNQ1/KCNE1 current was substantial during the AP phase, but relatively small during diastolic depolarization. In the presence of forskolin, the KCNQ1/KCNE1 current during both the AP phase and diastolic depolarization increased, resulting in a clearly active KCNQ1/KCNE1 current during diastolic depolarization, particularly at shorter cycle lengths. Computer simulations demonstrated that IKs reduces the intrinsic beating rate through its slowing effect on diastolic depolarization at all levels of autonomic tone and that gain-of-function mutations in KCNQ1 may exert a marked bradycardic effect during vagal tone. In conclusion, IKs is active during human SAN pacemaker activity and has a strong dependence on heart rate and cAMP level, with a prominent role at all levels of autonomic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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van Bavel JJA, Beekman HDM, Smoczyńska A, van der Heyden MAG, Vos MA. I Ks Activator ML277 Mildly Affects Repolarization and Arrhythmic Outcome in the CAVB Dog Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041147. [PMID: 37189765 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long QT syndrome type 1 with affected IKs is associated with a high risk for developing Torsade de Pointes (TdP) arrhythmias and eventually sudden cardiac death. Therefore, it is of high interest to explore drugs that target IKs as antiarrhythmics. We examined the antiarrhythmic effect of IKs channel activator ML277 in the chronic atrioventricular block (CAVB) dog model. TdP arrhythmia sensitivity was tested in anesthetized mongrel dogs (n = 7) with CAVB in series: (1) induction experiment at 4 ± 2 weeks CAVB: TdP arrhythmias were induced with our standardized protocol using dofetilide (0.025 mg/kg), and (2) prevention experiment at 10 ± 2 weeks CAVB: the antiarrhythmic effect of ML277 (0.6-1.0 mg/kg) was tested by infusion for 5 min preceding dofetilide. ML277: (1) temporarily prevented repolarization prolongation induced by dofetilide (QTc: 538 ± 65 ms at induction vs. 393 ± 18 ms at prevention, p < 0.05), (2) delayed the occurrence of the first arrhythmic event upon dofetilide (from 129 ± 28 s to 180 ± 51 s, p < 0.05), and (3) decreased the arrhythmic outcome with a significant reduction in the number of TdP arrhythmias, TdP score, arrhythmia score and total arrhythmic events (from 669 ± 132 to 401 ± 228, p < 0.05). IKs channel activation by ML277 temporarily suppressed QT interval prolongation, delayed the occurrence of the first arrhythmic event and reduced the arrhythmic outcome in the CAVB dog model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J A van Bavel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte D M Beekman
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smoczyńska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A G van der Heyden
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Cui S, Hayashi K, Kobayashi I, Hosomichi K, Nomura A, Teramoto R, Usuda K, Okada H, Deng Y, Kobayashi-Sun J, Nishikawa T, Furusho H, Saito T, Hirase H, Ohta K, Fujimoto M, Horita Y, Kusayama T, Tsuda T, Tada H, Kato T, Usui S, Sakata K, Fujino N, Tajima A, Yamagishi M, Takamura M. The utility of zebrafish cardiac arrhythmia model to predict the pathogenicity of KCNQ1 variants. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 177:50-61. [PMID: 36898499 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic testing for inherited arrhythmias and discriminating pathogenic or benign variants from variants of unknown significance (VUS) is essential for gene-based medicine. KCNQ1 is a causative gene of type 1 long QT syndrome (LQTS), and approximately 30% of the variants found in type 1 LQTS are classified as VUS. We studied the role of zebrafish cardiac arrhythmia model in determining the clinical significance of KCNQ1 variants. We generated homozygous kcnq1 deletion zebrafish (kcnq1del/del) using the CRISPR/Cas9 and expressed human Kv7.1/MinK channels in kcnq1del/del embryos. We dissected the hearts from the thorax at 48 h post-fertilization and measured the transmembrane potential of the ventricle in the zebrafish heart. Action potential duration was calculated as the time interval between peak maximum upstroke velocity and 90% repolarization (APD90). The APD90 of kcnq1del/del embryos was 280 ± 47 ms, which was significantly shortened by injecting KCNQ1 wild-type (WT) cRNA and KCNE1 cRNA (168 ± 26 ms, P < 0.01 vs. kcnq1del/del). A study of two pathogenic variants (S277L and T587M) and one VUS (R451Q) associated with clinically definite LQTS showed that the APD90 of kcnq1del/del embryos with these mutant Kv7.1/MinK channels was significantly longer than that of Kv7.1 WT/MinK channels. Given the functional results of the zebrafish model, R451Q could be reevaluated physiologically from VUS to likely pathogenic. In conclusion, functional analysis using in vivo zebrafish cardiac arrhythmia model can be useful for determining the pathogenicity of loss-of-function variants in patients with LQTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihe Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan; School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryota Teramoto
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Usuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yaowen Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jingjing Kobayashi-Sun
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furusho
- Department of Cardiology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takekatsu Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Minamigaoka Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hirase
- Department of Cardiology, Takaoka Minami Heart Center, Takaoka, Japan
| | - Kunio Ohta
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Medical Education Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Kouseiren Takaoka Hospital, Takaoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Horita
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Cardiovascular Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Tsuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hayato Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Soichiro Usui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noboru Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan; School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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10
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Erlandsdotter LM, Giammarino L, Halili A, Nikesjö J, Gréen H, Odening KE, Liin SI. Long-QT mutations in KCNE1 modulate the 17β-estradiol response of Kv7.1/KCNE1. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade7109. [PMID: 36921038 PMCID: PMC10017040 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol (17[Formula: see text]-E2) is implicated in higher arrhythmia risk of women with congenital or acquired long-QT syndrome (LQTS) compared to men. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and little is known about the impact of LQTS-associated mutations. We show that 17[Formula: see text]-E2 inhibits the human cardiac Kv7.1/KCNE1 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We find that the 17[Formula: see text]-E2 effect depends on the Kv7.1 to KCNE1 stoichiometry, and we reveal a critical function of the KCNE1 carboxyl terminus for the effect. LQTS-associated mutations in the KCNE1 carboxyl terminus show a range of responses to 17[Formula: see text]-E2, from a wild-type like response to impaired or abolished response. Together, this study increases our understanding of the mechanistic basis for 17[Formula: see text]-E2 inhibition of Kv7.1/KCNE1 and demonstrates mutation-dependent responses to 17[Formula: see text]-E2. These findings suggest that the 17[Formula: see text]-E2 effect on Kv7.1/KCNE1 might contribute to the higher arrhythmia risk of women, particularly in carriers with specific LQTS-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucilla Giammarino
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Azemine Halili
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Nikesjö
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gréen
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katja E. Odening
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara I. Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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11
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Wang X, Zhang X, Li J, Fu J, Zhao M, Zhang W, Weng W, Li Q. Network pharmacology and LC-MS approachs to explore the active compounds and mechanisms of Yuanjiang decoction for treating bradyarrhythmia. Comput Biol Med 2023; 152:106435. [PMID: 36535207 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yuanjiang decoction (YJD), a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, has been found to have a significant heart rate-increasing effect and is effective in the treatment of symptomatic bradyarrhythmia in previous studies. However, its specific components and potential mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS In this study, we detected and identified the main compounds of YJD using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Through the approach of network pharmacology, we predicted the core targets of the active components, bradyarrhythmia targets, and obtained potential anti-bradyarrhythmia targets of YJD. We further performed protein to protein interaction (PPI), gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analyses for core targets, and constructed network of key active ingredients-core targets of YJD. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed for key active ingredients and core targets. RESULTS The YJD contains a total of 35 main chemical components. The key active ingredients-core targets network contains 36 nodes and 90 edges, including 20 key active ingredients and 16 core targets. The core targets in the PPI network were TP53, TNF, HRAS, PPARG, IL1B, KCNH2, SCN5A, IDH1, LMNA, ACHE, F2, DRD2, CALM1, KCNQ1, TNNI3, IDH2 and TNNT2. KEGG pathway analysis showed that YJD treatment of bradyarrhythmia mainly involves neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cholinergic synaptic and serotonergic synapse signaling pathway. The biological processes mainly include regulation of hormone levels, regulation of cardiac contraction, chemical synaptic transmission, circadian rhythm, positive regulation of heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, response to metal ion, oxidation-reduction process, neurotransmitter transport and import across plasma membrane. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results showed that hesperidin and tetrahydropalmatine had higher affinity with DRD2 and KCNQ1, respectively. CONCLUSION This study reveals the pharmacodynamic material basis of YJD and its potential multicomponent-multitarget-multipathway pharmacological effects, predicted its potential anti-bradyarrhythmia mechanism may be related to the regulation of myocardial autonomic nervous function and related ion channels. Our work demonstrates that YJD has great potential for treating bradyarrhythmias as a complementary medicine, and the results can provide a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of YJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexue Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinyi Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wantong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiliang Weng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China.
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12
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Tsitsiridis G, Steinkamp R, Giurgiu M, Brauner B, Fobo G, Frishman G, Montrone C, Ruepp A. CORUM: the comprehensive resource of mammalian protein complexes-2022. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:D539-D545. [PMID: 36382402 PMCID: PMC9825459 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The CORUM database has been providing comprehensive reference information about experimentally characterized, mammalian protein complexes and their associated biological and biomedical properties since 2007. Given that most catalytic and regulatory functions of the cell are carried out by protein complexes, their composition and characterization is of greatest importance in basic and disease biology. The new CORUM 4.0 release encompasses 5204 protein complexes offering the largest and most comprehensive publicly available dataset of manually curated mammalian protein complexes. The CORUM dataset is built from 5299 different genes, representing 26% of the protein coding genes in humans. Complex information from 3354 scientific articles is mainly obtained from human (70%), mouse (16%) and rat (9%) cells and tissues. Recent curation work includes sets of protein complexes, Functional Complex Groups, that offer comprehensive collections of published data in specific biological processes and molecular functions. In addition, a new graphical analysis tool was implemented that displays co-expression data from the subunits of protein complexes. CORUM is freely accessible at http://mips.helmholtz-muenchen.de/corum/.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsitsiridis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich (GmbH), German research Center for environmental Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Ralph Steinkamp
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich (GmbH), German research Center for environmental Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Madalina Giurgiu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Barbara Brauner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich (GmbH), German research Center for environmental Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Gisela Fobo
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich (GmbH), German research Center for environmental Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Goar Frishman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich (GmbH), German research Center for environmental Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Corinna Montrone
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich (GmbH), German research Center for environmental Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Andreas Ruepp
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 89 3187 3189; Fax: +49 89 3187 3500;
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13
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Karlova M, Abramochkin DV, Pustovit KB, Nesterova T, Novoseletsky V, Loussouarn G, Zaklyazminskaya E, Sokolova OS. Disruption of a Conservative Motif in the C-Terminal Loop of the KCNQ1 Channel Causes LQT Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147953. [PMID: 35887302 PMCID: PMC9316142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified a single nucleotide variation (SNV) (c.1264A > G) in the KCNQ1 gene in a 5-year-old boy who presented with a prolonged QT interval. His elder brother and mother, but not sister and father, also had this mutation. This missense mutation leads to a p.Lys422Glu (K422E) substitution in the Kv7.1 protein that has never been mentioned before. We inserted this substitution in an expression plasmid containing Kv7.1 cDNA and studied the electrophysiological characteristics of the mutated channel expressed in CHO-K1, using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Expression of the mutant Kv7.1 channel in both homo- and heterozygous conditions in the presence of auxiliary subunit KCNE1 results in a significant decrease in tail current densities compared to the expression of wild-type (WT) Kv7.1 and KCNE1. This study also indicates that K422E point mutation causes a dominant negative effect. The mutation was not associated with a trafficking defect; the mutant channel protein was confirmed to localize at the cell membrane. This mutation disrupts the poly-Lys strip in the proximal part of the highly conserved cytoplasmic A−B linker of Kv7.1 that was not shown before to be crucial for channel functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karlova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (D.V.A.); (K.B.P.); (V.N.)
| | - Denis V. Abramochkin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (D.V.A.); (K.B.P.); (V.N.)
| | - Ksenia B. Pustovit
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (D.V.A.); (K.B.P.); (V.N.)
| | - Tatiana Nesterova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620075 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery Novoseletsky
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (D.V.A.); (K.B.P.); (V.N.)
- Biology Department, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 517182, China
| | - Gildas Loussouarn
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du Thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | | | - Olga S. Sokolova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (D.V.A.); (K.B.P.); (V.N.)
- Biology Department, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 517182, China
- Correspondence: or
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14
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Frampton DJA, Choudhury K, Nikesjö J, Delemotte L, Liin SI. Subtype-specific responses of hKv7.4 and hKv7.5 channels to polyunsaturated fatty acids reveal an unconventional modulatory site and mechanism. eLife 2022; 11:77672. [PMID: 35642964 PMCID: PMC9159753 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The KV7.4 and KV7.5 subtypes of voltage-gated potassium channels play a role in important physiological processes such as sound amplification in the cochlea and adjusting vascular smooth muscle tone. Therefore, the mechanisms that regulate KV7.4 and KV7.5 channel function are of interest. Here, we study the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on human KV7.4 and KV7.5 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We report that PUFAs facilitate activation of hKV7.5 by shifting the V50 of the conductance versus voltage (G(V)) curve toward more negative voltages. This response depends on the head group charge, as an uncharged PUFA analogue has no effect and a positively charged PUFA analogue induces positive V50 shifts. In contrast, PUFAs inhibit activation of hKV7.4 by shifting V50 toward more positive voltages. No effect on V50 of hKV7.4 is observed by an uncharged or a positively charged PUFA analogue. Thus, the hKV7.5 channel's response to PUFAs is analogous to the one previously observed in hKV7.1-7.3 channels, whereas the hKV7.4 channel response is opposite, revealing subtype-specific responses to PUFAs. We identify a unique inner PUFA interaction site in the voltage-sensing domain of hKV7.4 underlying the PUFA response, revealing an unconventional mechanism of modulation of hKV7.4 by PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon J A Frampton
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Koushik Choudhury
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Nikesjö
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sara I Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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15
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Ross RL, Mavria G, Del Galdo F, Elies J. Downregulation of Vascular Hemeoxygenase-1 Leads to Vasculopathy in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:900631. [PMID: 35600300 PMCID: PMC9117635 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.900631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a terminal disease characterized by vasculopathy, tissue fibrosis, and autoimmunity. Although the exact etiology of SSc remains unknown, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and calcium handling dysregulation have been associated with a large number of SSc-related complications such as neointima formation, vasculogenesis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, impaired angiogenesis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant enzyme involved in multiple biological actions in the cardiovascular system including vascular tone, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to investigate the physiological role of HO-1 and its relevance in the cardiovascular complications occurring in SSc. We found that, in early phases of SSc, the expression of HO-1 in dermal fibroblast is lower compared to those isolated from healthy control individuals. This is particularly relevant as reduction of the HO-1/CO signaling pathway is associated with endothelial dysfunction and vasculopathy. We show evidence of the role of HO-1/carbon monoxide (CO) signaling pathway in calcium handling. Using an in vitro model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) we investigated the role of HO-1 in Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. Our results indicate that HO-1 regulates calcium release from intracellular stores of human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. We interrogated the activity of HO-1 in angiogenesis using an organotypic co-culture of fibroblast-endothelial cell. Inhibition of HO-1 significantly reduced the ability of endothelial cells to form tubules. We further investigated if this could be associated with cell motility or migration of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix synthesized by fibroblasts. By mean of holographic imaging, we studied the morphological and functional features of endothelial cells in the presence of an HO-1 activator and selective inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of HO-1 significantly reduces cell proliferation and cell motility (migration) of cultured endothelial cells, whilst activation of HO-1 does not modify either morphology, proliferation or motility. In addition, we investigated the actions of CO on the Kv7.1 (KCQN1) channel current, an important component of the cardiac action potential repolarization. Using electrophysiology (whole-cell patch-clamp in a recombinant system overexpressing the KCQN1 channel), we assessed the regulation of KCQN1 by CO. CORM-2, a CO donor, significantly reduced the Kv7.1 current, suggesting that HO-1/CO signaling may play a role in the modulation of the cardiac action potential via regulation of this ion channel. In summary, our results indicate a clear link between: 1) downregulation of HO-1/CO signaling; and 2) pathophysiological processes occurring in early phases of SSc, such as calcium homeostasis dysregulation, impaired angiogenesis and cardiac arrhythmias. A better understanding of the canonical actions (mainly due to the biological actions of CO), and non-canonical actions of HO-1, as well as the interaction of HO-1/CO signaling with other gasotransmitters in SSc will contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Ross
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Scleroderma Programme, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Mavria
- Signal Transduction and Tumour Microenvironment Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Scleroderma Programme, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jacobo Elies
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jacobo Elies,
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16
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Chang KT, Wu HJ, Liu CW, Li CY, Lin HY. A Novel Role of Arrhythmia-Related Gene KCNQ1 Revealed by Multi-Omic Analysis: Theragnostic Value and Potential Mechanisms in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042279. [PMID: 35216393 PMCID: PMC8874518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and personalized therapy of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a challenging issue. KCNQ1 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q Member 1) is implicated in long QT syndrome (LQTS) and cardiac arrhythmia, while its significance in LUAD remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the significance of KCNQ1 in terms of clinical value, tumor immunity, underlying mechanisms, and a precision medicine approach by means of multi-omics analysis. The association of KCNQ1 with LUAD was first explored. Both altered variants and high expression of KCNQ1 in a TCGA-LUAD cohort indicated a favorable outcome. KCNQ1 levels had a negative correlation with tumor proliferation index Ki67 levels. siRNA-knockdown of KCNQ1 promoted the migration ability of lung cancer cells. KCNQ1 levels were decreased in LUAD tissue compared to normal tissue. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated good diagnostic efficiency of KCNQ1. High KCNQ1 is associated with an immunoactive profile of immune infiltration and immunomodulators and is involved in the inhibition of the cell cycle and DNA replication. Lapatinib was identified as a potent drug for LUAD in the context of low KCNQ1. This study unveiled the significance of KCNQ1 in diagnosis and prognosis and provided a corresponding precision medicine strategy for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Tun Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Ju Wu
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Liu
- Shueiduei Elementary School, Gukeng Township, Yulin 646, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Ying Li
- Department of Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
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17
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Renkhold L, Kollmann R, Inderwiedenstraße L, Kienitz MC. PKC-isoform specific regulation of receptor desensitization and KCNQ1/KCNE1 K + channel activity by mutant α 1B-adrenergic receptors. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110228. [PMID: 34958868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of a specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoform during stimulation of Gq protein-coupled receptors (GqPCRs) is determined by homologous receptor desensitization that controls the spatiotemporal formation of downstream Gq signalling molecules. Furthermore, GqPCR-activated PKC isoforms specifically regulate receptor activity via a negative feedback mechanism. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of several phosphorylation sites in the α1B-adrenergic receptor (α1B-AR) for PKC and G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) to homologous receptor desensitization and effector modulation. We analyzed signalling events downstream to human wildtype α1B-ARs and α1B-ARs lacking PKC or GRK2 phosphorylation sites (Δ391-401, α1B-ΔPKC-AR and Δ402-520, α1B-ΔGRK-AR) by means of FRET-based biosensors in HEK293 that served as online-assays of receptor activity. K+ currents through KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels (IKs), which are regulated by both phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-depletion and/or phosphorylation by PKC, were measured as a functional readout of wildtype and mutant α1B-AR receptor activity. As a novel finding, we provide evidence that deletion of PKC and GRK2 phosphorylation sites in α1B-ARs abrogates the contribution of PKCα to homologous receptor desensitization. Instead, the time course of mutant receptor activity was specifically modulated by PKCβ. Mutant α1B-ARs displayed pronounced homologous receptor desensitization that was abolished by PKCβ-specific pharmacological inhibitors. IKs modulation during stimulation of wildtype and mutant α1B-ARs displayed transient inhibition and current facilitation after agonist withdrawal with reduced capability of mutant α1B-ARs to induce IKs inhibition. Pharmacological inhibition of the PKCβ isoform did not augment IKs reduction by mutant α1B-ARs, but shifted IKs modulation towards current facilitation. Coexpression of an inactive (dominant-negative) PKCδ isoform (DN-PKCδ) abolished IKs facilitation in α1B-ΔGRK-AR-expressing cells, but not in α1B-ΔPKC-AR-expressing cells. The data indicate that the differential modulation of IKs activity by α1B-ΔGRK- and α1B-ΔPKC-receptors is attributed to the activation of entirely distinct novel PKC isoforms. To summarize, specific phosphorylation sites within the wildtype and mutant α1B-adrenergic receptors are targeted by different PKC isoforms, resulting in differential regulation of receptor desensitization and effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Renkhold
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Rike Kollmann
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonie Inderwiedenstraße
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marie-Cecile Kienitz
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Francisco FR, Aono AH, da Silva CC, Gonçalves PS, Scaloppi Junior EJ, Le Guen V, Fritsche-Neto R, Souza LM, de Souza AP. Unravelling Rubber Tree Growth by Integrating GWAS and Biological Network-Based Approaches. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:768589. [PMID: 34992619 PMCID: PMC8724537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.768589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) is a large tree species of the Euphorbiaceae family with inestimable economic importance. Rubber tree breeding programs currently aim to improve growth and production, and the use of early genotype selection technologies can accelerate such processes, mainly with the incorporation of genomic tools, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS). However, few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been used successfully in MAS for complex characteristics. Recent research shows the efficiency of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for locating QTL regions in different populations. In this way, the integration of GWAS, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) methodologies, coexpression networks and enzyme networks can provide a better understanding of the molecular relationships involved in the definition of the phenotypes of interest, supplying research support for the development of appropriate genomic based strategies for breeding. In this context, this work presents the potential of using combined multiomics to decipher the mechanisms of genotype and phenotype associations involved in the growth of rubber trees. Using GWAS from a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) Hevea population, we were able to identify molecular markers in QTL regions with a main effect on rubber tree plant growth under constant water stress. The underlying genes were evaluated and incorporated into a gene coexpression network modelled with an assembled RNA-Seq-based transcriptome of the species, where novel gene relationships were estimated and evaluated through in silico methodologies, including an estimated enzymatic network. From all these analyses, we were able to estimate not only the main genes involved in defining the phenotype but also the interactions between a core of genes related to rubber tree growth at the transcriptional and translational levels. This work was the first to integrate multiomics analysis into the in-depth investigation of rubber tree plant growth, producing useful data for future genetic studies in the species and enhancing the efficiency of the species improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Roberto Francisco
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hild Aono
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina da Silva
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Gonçalves
- Center of Rubber Tree and Agroforestry Systems, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Votuporanga, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Le Guen
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Roberto Fritsche-Neto
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Livia Moura Souza
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- São Francisco University (USF), Itatiba, Brazil
| | - Anete Pereira de Souza
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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19
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Agudelo WA, Gil-Quiñones SR, Fonseca A, Arenas A, Castro L, Sierra-Díaz DC, Patarroyo MA, Laissue P, Suárez CF, Cabrera R. Structural Modelling of KCNQ1 and KCNH2 Double Mutant Proteins, Identified in Two Severe Long QT Syndrome Cases, Reveals New Insights into Cardiac Channelopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12861. [PMID: 34884666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac channelopathy characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval and T-wave abnormalities, caused, in most cases, by mutations in KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A. Although the predominant pattern of LQTS inheritance is autosomal dominant, compound heterozygous mutations in genes encoding potassium channels have been reported, often with early disease onset and more severe phenotypes. Since the molecular mechanisms underlying severe phenotypes in carriers of compound heterozygous mutations are unknown, it is possible that these compound mutations lead to synergistic or additive alterations to channel structure and function. In this study, all-atom molecular dynamic simulations of KCNQ1 and hERG channels were carried out, including wild-type and channels with compound mutations found in two patients with severe LQTS phenotypes and limited family history of the disease. Because channels can likely incorporate different subunit combinations from different alleles, there are multiple possible configurations of ion channels in LQTS patients. This analysis allowed us to establish the structural impact of different configurations of mutant channels in the activated/open state. Our data suggest that channels with these mutations show moderate changes in folding energy (in most cases of stabilizing character) and changes in channel mobility and volume, differentiating them from each other and from WT. This would indicate possible alterations in K+ ion flow. Hetero-tetrameric mutant channels showed intermediate structural and volume alterations vis-à-vis homo-tetrameric channels. These findings support the hypothesis that hetero-tetrameric channels in patients with compound heterozygous mutations do not necessarily lead to synergistic structural alterations.
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20
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Gao T, Li K, Liang F, Yu J, Liu A, Ni Y, Sun P. KCNQ1 Potassium Channel Expressed in Human Sperm Is Involved in Sperm Motility, Acrosome Reaction, Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation, and Ion Homeostasis During Capacitation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:761910. [PMID: 34744797 PMCID: PMC8569670 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.761910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are involved in membrane hyperpolarization and ion homeostasis regulation during human sperm capacitation. However, the types of potassium channels in human sperm remain controversial. The voltage-gated ion channel KCNQ1 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates key physiological processes in the human body. In the present study, we investigated whether KCNQ1 is expressed in human sperm and what role it might have in sperm function. The expression and localization of KCNQ1 in human sperm were evaluated using Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence. During capacitation incubation, human sperm were treated with KCNQ1- specific inhibitor chromanol 293B. Sperm motility was analyzed using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. The acrosome reaction was studied using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin staining. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation levels and localization after capacitation were determined using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Intracellular K+, Ca2+, Cl−, pH, and membrane potential were analyzed using fluorescent probes. The results demonstrate that KCNQ1 is expressed and localized in the head and tail regions of human sperm. KCNQ1 inhibition reduced sperm motility, acrosome reaction rates, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation but had no effect on hyperactivation. KCNQ1 inhibition also increased intracellular K+, membrane potential, and intracellular Cl−, while decreasing intracellular Ca2+ and pH. In conclusion, the KCNQ1 channel plays a crucial role during human sperm capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ajuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peibei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are a family of proton-gated cation channels that contribute to a diverse array of functions including pain sensation, cell death during ischemia, and more broadly to neurotransmission in the central nervous system. There is an increasing interest in understanding the physiological regulatory mechanisms of this family of channels. ASICs have relatively short N- and C-termini, yet a number of proteins have been shown to interact with these domains both in vitro and in vivo. These proteins can impact ASIC gating, localization, cell-surface expression, and regulation. Like all ion channels, it is important to understand the cellular context under which ASICs function in neurons and other cells. Here we will review what is known about a number of these potentially important regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Cullinan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert C Klipp
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John R Bankston
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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22
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Wright PT, Gorelik J, Harding SE. Electrophysiological Remodeling: Cardiac T-Tubules and ß-Adrenoceptors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092456. [PMID: 34572106 PMCID: PMC8468945 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-adrenoceptors (βAR) are often viewed as archetypal G-protein coupled receptors. Over the past fifteen years, investigations in cardiovascular biology have provided remarkable insights into this receptor family. These studies have shifted pharmacological dogma, from one which centralized the receptor to a new focus on structural micro-domains such as caveolae and t-tubules. Important studies have examined, separately, the structural compartmentation of ion channels and βAR. Despite links being assumed, relatively few studies have specifically examined the direct link between structural remodeling and electrical remodeling with a focus on βAR. In this review, we will examine the nature of receptor and ion channel dysfunction on a substrate of cardiomyocyte microdomain remodeling, as well as the likely ramifications for cardiac electrophysiology. We will then discuss the advances in methodologies in this area with a specific focus on super-resolution microscopy, fluorescent imaging, and new approaches involving microdomain specific, polymer-based agonists. The advent of powerful computational modelling approaches has allowed the science to shift from purely empirical work, and may allow future investigations based on prediction. Issues such as the cross-reactivity of receptors and cellular heterogeneity will also be discussed. Finally, we will speculate as to the potential developments within this field over the next ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Wright
- School of Life & Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK;
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Sian E. Harding
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Wu X, Perez ME, Noskov SY, Larsson HP. A general mechanism of KCNE1 modulation of KCNQ1 channels involving non-canonical VSD-PD coupling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:887. [PMID: 34285340 PMCID: PMC8292421 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated KCNQ1 channels contain four separate voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) and a pore domain (PD). KCNQ1 expressed alone opens when the VSDs are in an intermediate state. In cardiomyocytes, KCNQ1 co-expressed with KCNE1 opens mainly when the VSDs are in a fully activated state. KCNE1 also drastically slows the opening of KCNQ1 channels and shifts the voltage dependence of opening by >40 mV. We here show that mutations of conserved residues at the VSD-PD interface alter the VSD-PD coupling so that the mutant KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels open in the intermediate VSD state. Using recent structures of KCNQ1 and KCNE beta subunits in different states, we present a mechanism by which KCNE1 rotates the VSD relative to the PD and affects the VSD-PD coupling of KCNQ1 channels in a non-canonical way, forcing KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels to open in the fully-activated VSD state. This would explain many of the KCNE1-induced effects on KCNQ1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marta E Perez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sergei Yu Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Peter Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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