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Kaleta M, Hényková E, Menšíková K, Friedecký D, Kvasnička A, Klíčová K, Koníčková D, Strnad M, Kaňovský P, Novák O. Patients with Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Exhibit Altered Tryptophan Metabolism in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:582-592. [PMID: 38194490 PMCID: PMC10853934 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Some pathological conditions affecting the human body can also disrupt metabolic pathways and thus alter the overall metabolic profile. Knowledge of metabolic disturbances in specific diseases could thus enable the differential diagnosis of otherwise similar conditions. This work therefore aimed to comprehensively characterize changes in tryptophan metabolism in selected neurodegenerative diseases. Levels of 18 tryptophan-related neuroactive substances were determined by high throughput and sensitive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in time-linked blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 100 age-matched participants belonging to five cohorts: healthy volunteers (n = 21) and patients with Lewy body disease (Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies; n = 31), four-repeat tauopathy (progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome; n = 10), multiple system atrophy (n = 13), and Alzheimer's disease (n = 25). Although these conditions have different pathologies and clinical symptoms, the discovery of new biomarkers is still important. The most statistically significant differences (with p-values of ≤0.05 to ≤0.0001) between the study cohorts were observed for three tryptophan metabolites: l-kynurenine in cerebrospinal fluid and 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine and 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan in blood serum. This led to the discovery of distinctive correlation patterns between the profiled cerebrospinal fluid and serum metabolites that could provide a basis for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative tauopathies and synucleinopathies. However, further large-scale studies are needed to determine the direct involvement of these metabolites in the studied neuropathologies, their response to medication, and their potential therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kaleta
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental
Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hényková
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental
Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Menšíková
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory
for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry,
University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Kvasnička
- Laboratory
for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry,
University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Klíčová
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Koníčková
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental
Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kaňovský
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental
Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Poeggeler B, Singh SK, Sambamurti K, Pappolla MA. Nitric Oxide as a Determinant of Human Longevity and Health Span. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14533. [PMID: 37833980 PMCID: PMC10572643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The master molecular regulators and mechanisms determining longevity and health span include nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radicals (SOR). L-arginine, the NO synthase (NOS) substrate, can restore a healthy ratio between the dangerous SOR and the protective NO radical to promote healthy aging. Antioxidant supplementation orchestrates protection against oxidative stress and damage-L-arginine and antioxidants such as vitamin C increase NO production and bioavailability. Uncoupling of NO generation with the appearance of SOR can be induced by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). L-arginine can displace ADMA from the site of NO formation if sufficient amounts of the amino acid are available. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acids can scavenge SOR and increase the bioavailability of NO. The topics of this review are the complex interactions of antioxidant agents with L-arginine, which determine NO bioactivity and protection against age-related degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Poeggeler
- Department of Physiology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg August University Göttingen, Zappenburg 2, D-38524 Sassenburg, Germany
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India;
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neurobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Miguel A. Pappolla
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that can be metabolized via endogenous and exogenous pathways, including the Kynurenine Pathway, the 5-Hydroxyindole Pathway (also the Serotonin pathway), and the Microbial pathway. Of these, the Microbial Trp metabolic pathways in the gut have recently been extensively studied for their production of bioactive molecules. The gut microbiota plays an important role in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial Trp metabolites can influence the development and progression of various diseases, including inflammatory, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer, by mediating the body's immunity. This review briefly outlines the crosstalk between gut microorganisms and Trp metabolism in the body, starting from the three metabolic pathways of Trp. The mechanisms by which microbial Trp metabolites act on organism immunity are summarized, and the potential implications for disease prevention and treatment are highlighted.
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Alcantara-Zapata DE, Lucero N, De Gregorio N, Astudillo Cornejo P, Ibarra Villanueva C, Baltodano-Calle MJ, Gonzales GF, Behn C. Women's mood at high altitude. sexual dimorphism in hypoxic stress modulation by the tryptophan-melatonin axis. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1099276. [PMID: 36733695 PMCID: PMC9887123 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1099276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual (and gender)-dimorphism in tolerance to hypobaric hypoxia increasingly matters for a differential surveillance of human activities at high altitude (HA). At low altitudes, the prevalence of anxiety and depression in women has already been found to double when compared with men; it could be expected to even increase on exposure to HA. In purposefully caring for the health of women at HA, the present work explores the potential involvement of the tryptophan (Trp)-melatonin axis in mood changes on exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The present work highlights some already known anxiogenic effects of HA exposure. Hypoxia and insomnia reduce serotonin (5-HT) availability; the latter defect being expressed as failure of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and mood disorders. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep organization and synapsis restoration that are additionally affected by hypoxia impair memory consolidation. Affective complaints may thus surge, evolving into anxiety and depression. Sex-related differences in neural network organization and hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, and certainly also during the life cycle, underscore the possibility of 5-HT-related mood alterations, particularly in women on HA exposure. The mean brain rate of 5-HT synthesis at sea level is already 1.5-fold higher in males than in females. sexual dimorphism also evidences the overexpression effects of SERT, a 5-HT transporter protein. Gonadal and thyroid hormones, as influenced by HA exposure, further modulate 5-HT availability and its effects in women. Besides caring for adequate oxygenation and maintenance of one's body core temperature, special precautions concerning women sojourning at HA should include close observations of hormonal cycles and, perhaps, also trials with targeted antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Alcantara-Zapata
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - N. Lucero
- Occupational Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N. De Gregorio
- Laboratory of Extreme Environments, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P. Astudillo Cornejo
- Occupational Ergonomics Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - C. Ibarra Villanueva
- Occupational Ergonomics Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - M. J. Baltodano-Calle
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - G. F. Gonzales
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú,High Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - C. Behn
- Laboratory of Extreme Environments, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile,*Correspondence: C. Behn,
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