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Zhou G, Chai J, Li Q, Sun P, Wang Y, Wu J, Zhang J, Li Y, Dong W, Zhang C, Yu F, Yan X, Ba Y. U-shaped relationship between ozone exposure and preterm birth risk associated with preconception telomere length. Environ Pollut 2024; 344:123366. [PMID: 38242305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
There are conflicting findings regarding the association of ozone (O3) exposure with preterm birth (PTB) occurrence. In the present study, two cohorts were combined to explore the relationship between maternal O3 exposure during pregnancy and PTB risk, and analyze the underlying mechanisms of this relationship in terms of alterations in the preconception telomere length. Cohort 1 included mothers who participated in the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project in Henan Province from 2014 to 2018 along with their newborns (n = 1,066,696). Cohort 2 comprised mothers who conceived between 2016 and 2018 and their newborns (n = 1871) from six areas in Henan Province. The telomere length was assessed in the peripheral blood of mothers at the preconception stage. Data on air pollutant concentrations were collected from environmental monitoring stations and individual exposures were assessed using an inverse distance-weighted model. O3 concentrations (100.60 ± 14.13 μg/m3) were lower in Cohort 1 than in Cohort 2 (114.09 ± 15.17 μg/m3). Linear analyses showed that PTB risk decreased with increasing O3 exposure concentrations in Cohort 1 but increased with increasing O3 exposure concentrations in Cohort 2. Nonlinear analyses revealed that PTB risk tended to decrease and then increase with increasing O3 exposure concentrations in both cohorts. Besides, PTB risk was reduced by 88% for each-unit increase in telomere length in those exposed to moderate O3 concentrations (92.4-123.7 μg/m3, P < 0.05). While no significant association was observed between telomere length and PTB at extreme O3 concentration exposure during entire pregnancy (<92.4 or >123.7 μg/m3, P > 0.05) in Cohort 2. These findings reveal a nonlinear (U-shaped) relationship between O3 exposure and PTB risk. Furthermore, telomere with elevated length was associated with decreased risk of PTB only when exposed to moderate concentrations of O3, but not when exposed to extreme concentrations of O3 during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian Chai
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qinyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junxi Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cuican Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Yellow River Institute for Ecological Protection & Regional Coordinated Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Franco-Obregón A. Harmonizing Magnetic Mitohormetic Regenerative Strategies: Developmental Implications of a Calcium-Mitochondrial Axis Invoked by Magnetic Field Exposure. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1176. [PMID: 37892906 PMCID: PMC10604793 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitohormesis is a process whereby mitochondrial stress responses, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), act cumulatively to either instill survival adaptations (low ROS levels) or to produce cell damage (high ROS levels). The mitohormetic nature of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure thus makes it susceptible to extraneous influences that also impinge on mitochondrial ROS production and contribute to the collective response. Consequently, magnetic stimulation paradigms are prone to experimental variability depending on diverse circumstances. The failure, or inability, to control for these factors has contributed to the existing discrepancies between published reports and in the interpretations made from the results generated therein. Confounding environmental factors include ambient magnetic fields, temperature, the mechanical environment, and the conventional use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Biological factors include cell type and seeding density as well as the developmental, inflammatory, or senescence statuses of cells that depend on the prior handling of the experimental sample. Technological aspects include magnetic field directionality, uniformity, amplitude, and duration of exposure. All these factors will exhibit manifestations at the level of ROS production that will culminate as a unified cellular response in conjunction with magnetic exposure. Fortunately, many of these factors are under the control of the experimenter. This review will focus on delineating areas requiring technical and biological harmonization to assist in the designing of therapeutic strategies with more clearly defined and better predicted outcomes and to improve the mechanistic interpretation of the generated data, rather than on precise applications. This review will also explore the underlying mechanistic similarities between magnetic field exposure and other forms of biophysical stimuli, such as mechanical stimuli, that mutually induce elevations in intracellular calcium and ROS as a prerequisite for biological outcome. These forms of biophysical stimuli commonly invoke the activity of transient receptor potential cation channel classes, such as TRPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; ; Tel.: +65-6777-8427 or +65-6601-6143
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
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