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Luo ZR, Meng WT, Li H, Wang Y, Wang YC, Zhao Y, Lu PP, Yuan Y, Huang W, Guo HD. Transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes combined with modified Taohong Siwu decoction improved heart repair after myocardial infarction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26700. [PMID: 38434034 PMCID: PMC10906439 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to study whether modified Taohong Siwu decoction (MTHSWD) combined with human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs) transplantation can promote cardiac function in myocardial infarction (MI) nude mouse model and explore its possible mechanism. Methods The MI mouse model was established by the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. After 4 weeks of gavage of MTHSWD combined with iPS-CMs transplantation, the changes in heart function of mice were examined by echocardiography. The histological changes were observed by Masson's trichrome staining. The survival and differentiation of transplanted cells were detected by double immunofluorescence staining of human nuclear antigen (HNA) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). The number of c-kit-positive cells in the infarct area were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. The levels of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor in infarcted myocardium tissues were detected by ELISA. Results MTHSWD combined with iPS-CMs transplantation can improve the heart function of MI mice, reduce the infarct size and collagen deposition in infarct area. By immunofluorescence double-label detection of HNA and cTnT, it was found that MTHSWD combined with iPS-CMs transplantation can improve the survival and maturation of iPS-CMs. In addition, MTHSWD combined with iPS-CMs transplantation can activate more endogenous c-kit positive cardiac mesenchymal cells, and significantly increase the content of SDF-1, SCF and VEGF in myocardial tissues. Conclusions The combination of MTHSWD with iPS-CMs transplantation promoted cardiac function of nude mice with MI by improving the survival and maturation of iPS-CMs in the infarct area, activating the endogenous c-kit positive cardiac mesenchymal cells, and increasing paracrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-rong Luo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wan-ting Meng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Han Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ya-chao Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping-ping Lu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Dahua Hospital, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-dong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Jiao YC, Wang YX, Liu WZ, Xu JW, Zhao YY, Yan CZ, Liu FC. Advances in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into vascular cells. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:137-150. [PMID: 38455095 PMCID: PMC10915963 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels constitute a closed pipe system distributed throughout the body, transporting blood from the heart to other organs and delivering metabolic waste products back to the lungs and kidneys. Changes in blood vessels are related to many disorders like stroke, myocardial infarction, aneurysm, and diabetes, which are important causes of death worldwide. Translational research for new approaches to disease modeling and effective treatment is needed due to the huge socio-economic burden on healthcare systems. Although mice or rats have been widely used, applying data from animal studies to human-specific vascular physiology and pathology is difficult. The rise of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a reliable in vitro resource for disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery because they carry all human genetic information and have the ability to directionally differentiate into any type of human cells. This review summarizes the latest progress from the establishment of iPSCs, the strategies for differentiating iPSCs into vascular cells, and the in vivo transplantation of these vascular derivatives. It also introduces the application of these technologies in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Additionally, the application of high-tech tools, such as omics analysis and high-throughput sequencing, in this field is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chang Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-Wen Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuan-Zhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, Qingdao 266103, Shandong Province, China
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fu-Chen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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Singh AA, Shetty DK, Jacob AG, Bayraktar S, Sinha S. Understanding genomic medicine for thoracic aortic disease through the lens of induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1349548. [PMID: 38440211 PMCID: PMC10910110 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1349548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic disease (TAD) is often silent until a life-threatening complication occurs. However, genetic information can inform both identification and treatment at an early stage. Indeed, a diagnosis is important for personalised surveillance and intervention plans, as well as cascade screening of family members. Currently, only 20% of heritable TAD patients have a causative mutation identified and, consequently, further advances in genetic coverage are required to define the remaining molecular landscape. The rapid expansion of next generation sequencing technologies is providing a huge resource of genetic data, but a critical issue remains in functionally validating these findings. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are patient-derived, reprogrammed cell lines which allow mechanistic insights, complex modelling of genetic disease and a platform to study aortic genetic variants. This review will address the need for iPSCs as a frontline diagnostic tool to evaluate variants identified by genomic discovery studies and explore their evolving role in biological insight through to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hanson A, McClenaghan C, Weng KC, Colijn S, Stratman AN, Halabi CM, Grange DK, Silva JR, Nichols CG. Electrophysiology of human iPSC-derived vascular smooth muscle cells and cell autonomous consequences of Cantu Syndrome mutations. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.29.547088. [PMID: 37425756 PMCID: PMC10327170 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cantu Syndrome (CS), a multisystem disease with a complex cardiovascular phenotype, is caused by GoF variants in the Kir6.1/SUR2 subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels, and is characterized by low systemic vascular resistance, as well as tortuous, dilated vessels, and decreased pulse-wave velocity. Thus, CS vascular dysfunction is multifactorial, with distinct hypomyotonic and hyperelastic components. To dissect whether such complexities arise cell-autonomously within vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), or as secondary responses to the pathophysiological milieu, we assessed electrical properties and gene expression in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived VSMCs (hiPSC-VSMCs), differentiated from control and CS patient-derived hiPSCs, and in native mouse control and CS VSMCs. Approach and Results Whole-cell voltage-clamp of isolated aortic and mesenteric VSMCs isolated from wild type (WT) and Kir6.1[V65M] (CS) mice revealed no difference in voltage-gated K + (K v ) or Ca 2+ currents. K v and Ca 2+ currents were also not different between validated hiPSC-VSMCs differentiated from control and CS patient-derived hiPSCs. Pinacidil-sensitive K ATP currents in control hiPSC-VSMCs were consistent with those in WT mouse VSMCs, and were considerably larger in CS hiPSC-VSMCs. Consistent with lack of any compensatory modulation of other currents, this resulted in membrane hyperpolarization, explaining the hypomyotonic basis of CS vasculopathy. Increased compliance and dilation in isolated CS mouse aortae, was associated with increased elastin mRNA expression. This was consistent with higher levels of elastin mRNA in CS hiPSC-VSMCs, suggesting that the hyperelastic component of CS vasculopathy is a cell-autonomous consequence of vascular K ATP GoF. Conclusions The results show that hiPSC-VSMCs reiterate expression of the same major ion currents as primary VSMCs, validating the use of these cells to study vascular disease. The results further indicate that both the hypomyotonic and hyperelastic components of CS vasculopathy are cell-autonomous phenomena driven by K ATP overactivity within VSMCs.
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Cho S, Aakash P, Lee S, Yoon YS. Endothelial cell direct reprogramming: Past, present, and future. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 180:22-32. [PMID: 37080451 PMCID: PMC10330356 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease still remains as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality despite various medical, surgical, and interventional therapy. As such, cell therapy has emerged as an attractive option because it tackles underlying problem of the diseases by inducing neovascularization in ischemic tissue. After overall failure of adult stem or progenitor cells, studies attempted to generate endothelial cells (ECs) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). While endothelial cells (ECs) differentiated from PSCs successfully induced vascular regeneration, differentiating volatility and tumorigenic potential is a concern for their clinical applications. Alternatively, direct reprogramming strategies employ lineage-specific factors to change cell fate without achieving pluripotency. ECs have been successfully reprogrammed via ectopic expression of transcription factors (TFs) from endothelial lineage. The reprogrammed ECs induced neovascularization in vitro and in vivo and thus demonstrated their therapeutic value in animal models of vascular insufficiency. Methods of delivering reprogramming factors include lentiviral or retroviral vectors and more clinically relevant, non-integrative adenoviral and episomal vectors. Most studies made use of fibroblast as a source cell for reprogramming, but reprogrammability of other clinically relevant source cell types has to be evaluated. Specific mechanisms and small molecules that are involved in the aforementioned processes tackles challenges associated with direct reprogramming efficiency and maintenance of reprogrammed EC characteristics. After all, this review provides summary of past and contemporary methods of direct endothelial reprogramming and discusses the future direction to overcome these challenges to acquire clinically applicable reprogrammed ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonggeon Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Aakash
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sangho Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Granata A. Functional genomics in stroke: current and future applications of iPSCs and gene editing to dissect the function of risk variants. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:223. [PMID: 37120540 PMCID: PMC10148993 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is an important disease with unmet clinical need. To uncover novel paths for treatment, it is of critical importance to develop relevant laboratory models that may help to shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has enormous potential to advance our knowledge into stroke by creating novel human models for research and therapeutic testing. iPSCs models generated from patients with specific stroke types and specific genetic predisposition in combination with other state of art technologies including genome editing, multi-omics, 3D system, libraries screening, offer the opportunity to investigate disease-related pathways and identify potential novel therapeutic targets that can then be tested in these models. Thus, iPSCs offer an unprecedented opportunity to make rapid progress in the field of stroke and vascular dementia research leading to clinical translation. This review paper summarizes some of the key areas in which patient-derived iPSCs technology has been applied to disease modelling and discusses the ongoing challenges and the future directions for the application of this technology in the field of stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Granata
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
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Gara E, Zucchelli E, Nemes A, Jakus Z, Ajtay K, Kemecsei É, Kiszler G, Hegedűs N, Szigeti K, Földes I, Árvai K, Kósa J, Kolev K, Komorowicz E, Padmanabhan P, Maurovich-Horvat P, Dósa E, Várady G, Pólos M, Hartyánszky I, Harding SE, Merkely B, Máthé D, Szabó G, Radovits T, Földes G. 3D culturing of human pluripotent stem cells-derived endothelial cells for vascular regeneration. Theranostics 2022; 12:4684-4702. [PMID: 35832092 PMCID: PMC9254250 DOI: 10.7150/thno.69938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells can be candidates for engineering therapeutic vascular grafts. Methods: Here, we studied the role of three-dimensional culture on their characteristics and function both in vitro and in vivo. Results: We found that differentiated hPSC-EC can re-populate decellularized biomatrices; they remain viable, undergo maturation and arterial/venous specification. Human PSC-EC develop antifibrotic, vasoactive and anti-inflammatory properties during recellularization. In vivo, a robust increase in perfusion was detected at the engraftment sites after subcutaneous implantation of an hPSC-EC-laden hydrogel in rats. Histology confirmed survival and formation of capillary-like structures, suggesting the incorporation of hPSC-EC into host microvasculature. In a canine model, hiPSC-EC-seeded onto decellularised vascular segments were functional as aortic grafts. Similarly, we showed the retention and maturation of hiPSC-EC and dynamic remodelling of the vessel wall with good maintenance of vascular patency. Conclusions: A combination of hPSC-EC and biomatrices may be a promising approach to repair ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Gara
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1122, Hungary
| | - Eleonora Zucchelli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Annamária Nemes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1122, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1094, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1094, Hungary
| | - Kitti Ajtay
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1094, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1094, Hungary
| | - Éva Kemecsei
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1094, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1094, Hungary
| | | | - Nikolett Hegedűs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Nanobiotechnology & In vivo Imaging Center, Semmelweis University, H1094, Budapest, Hungary and In vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine. www.hcemm.eu, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Nanobiotechnology & In vivo Imaging Center, Semmelweis University, H1094, Budapest, Hungary and In vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine. www.hcemm.eu, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Iván Földes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1122, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Árvai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University; PentaCore Laboratory, Budapest, H1083, Hungary
| | - János Kósa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University; PentaCore Laboratory, Budapest, H1083, Hungary
| | - Kraszimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1094, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Komorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1094, Hungary
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College - Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
| | | | - Edit Dósa
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1122, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H1117, Hungary
| | - Miklós Pólos
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1122, Hungary
| | - István Hartyánszky
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1122, Hungary
| | - Sian E. Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1122, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Nanobiotechnology & In vivo Imaging Center, Semmelweis University, H1094, Budapest, Hungary and In vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine. www.hcemm.eu, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Experimentelle Herzchirurgie, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Halle, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1122, Hungary
| | - Gábor Földes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H1122, Hungary
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Jung C, Oh JE, Lee S, Yoon YS. Generation and Application of Directly Reprogrammed Endothelial Cells. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:643-658. [PMID: 36097834 PMCID: PMC9470489 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct cell reprogramming refers to the conversion of cell identity, without transition through an induced pluripotent state. Owing to the ability to directly reprogram into numerous cell types, this reprogramming strategy has received enormous attention for regenerative therapy. Particularly, direct reprogramming into functional endothelial cells, which are crucial for neovascularization and vascular regeneration, holds promising therapeutic potential for treating patients with ischemic cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a summary of the-state-of-art in direct endothelial reprograming strategies and highlights their potential applications. It also discusses key questions and challenges that will help guiding future research and development of this emerging area. Cell-based therapy has emerged as a promising option for treating advanced ischemic cardiovascular disease by inducing vascular regeneration. However, clinical trials with adult cells turned out disappointing in general. As a newer approach, direct reprogramming has emerged to efficiently generate endothelial cells (ECs), which can promote neovascularization and vascular regeneration. This review provides recent updates on the direct endothelial reprogramming. In general, directly reprogrammed ECs can be generated by two approaches: one by transitioning through a plastic intermediate state and the other in a one-step transition without any intermediate states toward pluripotency. Moreover, the methods to deliver reprogramming factors and chemicals for the fate conversion are highlighted. Next, the therapeutic effects of the directly reprogrammed ECs on animal models are reviewed in detail. Other applications using directly reprogrammed ECs, such as tissue engineering and disease modeling, are also discussed. Lastly, the remaining questions and foremost challenges are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholomi Jung
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Oh
- Research and Development Center, KarisBio Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-sup Yoon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research and Development Center, KarisBio Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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