1
|
Thakur C, Malhotra AS, Shankar J. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis to Study Gallic Acid-Mediated Inhibition of Polyketide Synthase A from Aflatoxin Biosynthesis Pathway of Aspergillus flavus. Chemistry Africa 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-023-00589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
2
|
Ichinomiya M, Kawamoto A, Yamaguchi T, Iwashita K, Nagashima H, Hatabayashi H, Nakajima H, Yabe K. Detoxication of Citrinin with Kojic Acid by the Formation of the Citrinin-Kojic Acid Adduct, and the Enhancement of Kojic Acid Production by Citrinin via Oxidative Stress in Aspergillus parasiticus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:51. [PMID: 36675872 PMCID: PMC9863397 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work showed that citrinin (CTN) produced bay Penicillium citrinum inhibited the production of aflatoxin by Aspergillus parasiticus. We also reported that CTN was non-enzymatically converted to a novel CTN-KA adduct with kojic acid (KA) in aqueous condition. We herein observed that unlike CTN, the CTN-KA adduct does not show antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis or any cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells, suggesting that CTN was detoxified by KA by the formation of the CTN-KA adduct. To examine the function of KA production by fungi, we isolated A. parasiticus mutants with impaired KA production. When the mutants were incubated in either liquid or agar medium supplemented with CTN, they were more susceptible to CTN than the wild KA-producing strain. The same results were obtained when we used the A. oryzae KA-producing strain RIB40 and KA-non-producing strains. When KA was added to the CTN-containing agar medium, the inhibition of growth by CTN was remarkably mitigated, suggesting that the production of KA protected the fungal growth from CTN's toxicity. We also observed that CTN enhanced the production of KA by A. parasiticus as well as A. oryzae strains. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that CTN enhanced the expression of KA biosynthetic genes (kojA, kojR, and kojT) of A. parasiticus. However, the enhancement of KA production with CTN was repressed by the addition of α-tocopherol or butylated hydroxy anisole, suggesting that KA production is enhanced by oxidative stress via the formation of reactive oxygen species caused by CTN. In contrast, α-tocopherol did not affect inhibition of AF production as well as fungal growth by CTN, suggesting that the regulation of these inhibitions with CTN might be different from that of KA production. We propose a regulation scheme of CTN for each of KA production, AF production, and fungal growth in A. parasiticus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ichinomiya
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kawamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Food Science, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwashita
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagashima
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hidemi Hatabayashi
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakajima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yabe
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Food Science, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|