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Sinkhonde D. Identification of 2-d shape parameters for waste brick powders from varying milling methods: A discussion of quantitative image analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26666. [PMID: 38420483 PMCID: PMC10901084 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative characterisation of morphology and shape parameters of pozzolanic materials, as a fundamental problem of characterisation of pozzolanic materials, has received significant consideration in literature. Thus far, previous research works have not paid much attention to the circularity, roundness and solidity of pozzolanic materials including waste brick powder (WBP). This research makes a significant contribution on identification of circularity, roundness and solidity of WBP particles under milling conditions using quantitative image analysis. In particular, the goal was to interrogate the ball milling treatment variables for generating WBP using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis. Under the milling conditions of changing sample masses introduced in ball mill, the average circularity values for the specimens were approximately 0.6 whilst the average solidity values for the specimens were approximately 0.71. Moreover, the average roundness values for the specimens were nearly 0.51. It was shown that the trends of shape parameters of WBP under changing fineness levels were not significant. The values of circularity, solidity and roundness in this study therefore collaborate to support the discoveries of hidden shape characteristics of WBP specimens and can tackle the overall behaviour of cement-based composites containing WBP. Quantitative image analysis was therefore observed to be capable of inheriting detailed information from SEM micrographs and remains one of the most outstanding approaches of generating shape parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sinkhonde
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
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2
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Sallı Bideci Ö, Bideci A, Ashour A. Utilization of Recycled Brick Powder as Supplementary Cementitious Materials-A Comprehensive Review. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:637. [PMID: 38591483 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, extensive research has been conducted to explore alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in order to address the environmental concerns associated with the cement industry. Bricks, which are frequently preferred in the construction sector, generate a lot of waste during the production and demolition of existing buildings, requiring environmentally sustainable recycling practices. Therefore, many studies have been carried out in recent years on the use of brick waste as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement mortar and concrete production. This critical review evaluates the impact of waste brick powder (WBP) on the mechanical and durability properties of mortar and concrete when used as a partial replacement for cement. It was observed that the properties of WBP-blended cement mortar or concrete depend on several factors, including WBP particle size, replacement ratio, pozzolanic activity, and mineralogical structure. The findings indicate that WBP with a particle size range of 100 µm to 25 µm, with a maximum cement replacement level of 10-20%, exhibits a positive impact on the compressive strength of both mortars and concretes. However, it is crucial to emphasize that a minimum curing duration of 28 days is imperative to facilitate the development of a pozzolanic reaction. This temporal requirement plays a vital role in realizing the optimal benefits of utilizing waste brick powder as a supplementary cementitious material in mortars and concretes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Sallı Bideci
- Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Düzce, Düzce 81600, Türkiye
| | - Alper Bideci
- Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Düzce, Düzce 81600, Türkiye
| | - Ashraf Ashour
- Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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3
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Šupić S, Malešev M, Pantić V, Lukić I, Radonjanin V, Ognjanović M, Broćeta G. Environmentally Friendly Masonry Mortar Blended with Fly Ash, Corn Cob Ash or Ceramic Waste Powder. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6725. [PMID: 37895706 PMCID: PMC10608085 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Implementing a circular approach through waste valorization in mortar production with environmentally efficient mix design is a viable pathway for relieving the ecological burden of greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion and waste management. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of using fly ash (FA), corn cob ash (CCA), and ceramic waste powder (CWP) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in cement-lime masonry mortars. As part of an extensive experimental study, twelve mortar mixtures were made: three reference and nine blended, with mixing ratios of 1:1:5, 1:0.7:4.2, and 1:1:4 ((cement + SCM)/lime/sand), by volume. The examined properties include workability, compressive and flexural strengths, dry bulk density, capillary water absorption, adhesive bond strength, and water vapor permeability. The compressive and flexural strengths of tested mortars were notably impaired, with reductions of up to 60%, while the capillary water absorption coefficient rose by 100% compared to the reference values. The adhesive bond strength of some blended mortars exceeded the strength of the reference mortars. Nevertheless, all blended mortars fulfilled the requirements for general-purpose mortars, while the majority met the criteria for structural masonry applications. In addition, a performance-based index and weighting triangle were used for the comparison and ranking of all analyzed mortar mixtures. The findings of this study may herald a novel use of FA, CCA, and CWP as more eco-friendly binding materials in contemporary construction leading to the reduction in the process's carbon footprint, the improvement in cost efficiency, and the mitigation of the detrimental environmental impact of waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Šupić
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.Š.); (M.M.); (V.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Mirjana Malešev
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.Š.); (M.M.); (V.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Vladan Pantić
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.Š.); (M.M.); (V.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Ivan Lukić
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.Š.); (M.M.); (V.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Vlastimir Radonjanin
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.Š.); (M.M.); (V.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Miloš Ognjanović
- Vinča, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Gordana Broćeta
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
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Liang C, Xing Y, Hou X. Mechanical Property Evaluation and Prediction of Cementing Composites Blended with MK and UFA under High-Temperature Steam Curing. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6956. [PMID: 36234298 PMCID: PMC9573449 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the influence of the substitution rate of metakaolin (MK) and ultrafine fly ash (UFA) on the hydration degree, the micromechanical properties, the pore size distribution, and the corresponding fractal dimension of composite cement-based material was investigated under high-temperature steam curing. Furthermore, Thermogravimetric, Nanoindentation, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance tests were used to explore the influencing factors of pore size distribution and its corresponding multi-fractal dimension. Finally, the correlations among the pore size distribution, related fractal dimensions, and compression strength were analyzed. Results indicate that the MK-UFA cement ternary cementation system (TCS) can improve the compressive strength and fluidity of samples and enhance the hydration degree and micromechanical properties of the cementitious system. TCS effectively refines the pore size and increases microporosity. In addition, micropore and its fractal dimension have a stronger correlation with the compressive strength of composite cement-based materials. Furthermore, the micro-fractal dimensions can better reflect the essential characteristics of the composite cementitious system. The higher the degree of hydration of the cementitious system and the nanomechanical properties of the C-(A)-S-H gel, the lower the micro-fractal dimension. Finally, the GM (1,3) prediction model of compressive strength, micro-fractal dimension, and microporosity are established based on the grey relational theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yongming Xing
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Xiaohu Hou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
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Sinkhonde D, Onchiri RO, Oyawa WO, Mwero JN. A study on mechanical properties of rubberised concrete containing burnt clay powder. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09614. [PMID: 35706938 PMCID: PMC9189887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the mechanical performance of rubberised concrete containing Burnt Clay Powder (BCP). Waste Tire Rubber (WTR) and BCP were used to replace coarse aggregate and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) respectively. Class 20, 25 and 30 concrete mixes based on British Research Environment (BRE) were cast and tested for compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths. The findings of the tests revealed reductions in compressive and split tensile strengths for concrete mixes with 5% BCP compared to control concrete mixes for 7, 28 and 56 days curing periods. However, inclusion of BCP in concrete seemed to increase the compressive and split tensile strengths of concrete compared to control concrete at 90 days curing period. The findings also demonstrated that WTR content as high as 20% by aggregate total volume could be used to generate rubberised concrete containing 5% BCP with compressive strengths of 18–33 MPa for class 20, 25 and 30 concrete mixes. The flexural strength of unreinforced beams decreased due to inclusion of 5% BCP compared to control concrete after 28 days of curing. Rubberised concrete with BCP was observed to promote ductile failure of concrete cubes while control concrete cubes exhibited brittle failure. The inclusion of 5% BCP in concrete seemed to decrease compressive and split tensile strengths at lower curing periods while still presenting improved results at longer curing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sinkhonde
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard Ocharo Onchiri
- Department of Building and Civil Engineering, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Walter Odhiambo Oyawa
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Nyiro Mwero
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Maia MB, de Brito J, Martins IM, Silvestre JD. Ecotoxicity of Recycled Aggregates: Application of a Prediction Methodology. Materials 2022; 15:ma15103510. [PMID: 35629536 PMCID: PMC9145564 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to environmental concerns, the search for sustainable construction solutions has been increasing over the years. This global concern is creating a trend in the use of recycled aggregates resulting from construction and demolition wastes from different sources. In addition to their physical and mechanical properties, it is important to analyse their ecotoxicological risk to determine whether their leachates might be an issue. To assess ecotoxicity, biological tests should be performed for different trophic levels. This type of test is expensive and needs a high level of expertise, which leads to a lack of studies on recycled aggregates including ecotoxicity analysis. This paper presents a set of predictive ecotoxicity results based on the published studies on recycled aggregates. These results are the outcome of applying an innovative methodology previously developed and validated by the authors aiming to foresee the ecotoxicological fate of building materials’ constituents and products. The application of this methodology enables the classification of a recycled aggregate product as safe or unsafe in terms of ecotoxicity risk, while keeping biological testing to a minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida B. Maia
- Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georresources, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.B.M.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Jorge de Brito
- Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georresources, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.B.M.); (J.D.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabel M. Martins
- Department of Materials, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), Av. do Brasil 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - José D. Silvestre
- Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georresources, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.B.M.); (J.D.S.)
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Horňáková M, Lehner P. Analysis of Measured Parameters in Relation to the Amount of Fibre in Lightweight Red Ceramic Waste Aggregate Concrete. Mathematics 2022; 10:229. [DOI: 10.3390/math10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides a correlation and regression analysis of lightweight waste aggregate concretes with varying degrees of fibre reinforcement. The concrete mix contains pre-soaked red ceramic waste aggregate, expanded clay coarse aggregate and Portland cement. Copper-coated crimped steel fibre was used as the reinforcement. The experimental results included properties measured by destructive test methods—compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, static modulus of elasticity, the limit of proportionality, shear strength; and by non-destructive test methods—dynamic modulus of elasticity and surface electrical resistivity. These properties were analysed to study the relevancy and significance between non-destructive and destructive methods of measurement in the case of different amounts of fibre. The results show differences in the degree of fit to the linear and quadratic regression curves for pairs of destructive and non-destructive test results. As expected, the linear relationship can be applied in a few cases, but the quadratic curve must be used for a few pairs. Another observation is that it is not possible to neglect the amount of fibre in the correlation analyses of the measured properties.
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8
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Amakye SY, Abbey SJ, Olubanwo AO. Consistency and mechanical properties of sustainable concrete blended with brick dust waste cementitious materials. SN Appl Sci 2021; 3. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe reuse of waste materials in civil engineering projects has become the topic for many researchers due to their economic and environmental benefits. In this study, brick dust waste (BDW) derived from cutting of masonry bricks and demolition waste which are normally dumped as land fill is used as partial replacement of cement in a concrete mix at 10%, 20% and 30% respectively, with the aim of achieving high strength in concrete using less cement due to the environmental problems associated with the cement production. To ascertain the effects of BDW on the consistency and mechanical performance of concrete mix, laboratory investigations on the workability of fresh concrete and the strength of hardened concrete were carried out. Slump and compaction index test were carried out on fresh concrete mix and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and tensile strength test were conducted on hardened concrete specimen after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The results showed high UCS and tensile strength with the addition of 10% BDW to the concrete mix, hence achieving the set target in accordance with the relevant British standards. A gradual reduction in strength was observed as BDW content increases, however, recording good workability as slump and compaction index results fell within the set target range in accordance with relevant British standards. Findings from this study concluded that BDW can partially replace cement in a concrete mix to up to 30% igniting the path to a cleaner production of novel concrete using BDW in construction work.
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Horňáková M, Lehner P, Le TD, Konečný P, Katzer J. Durability Characteristics of Concrete Mixture Based on Red Ceramic Waste Aggregate. Sustainability 2020; 12:8890. [DOI: 10.3390/su12218890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article aims to observe durability parameters of red ceramic waste aggregate concrete based on a measured chloride profile by the standardized NT Build 443 method, and to compare the results to the values measured by a test based on electrical resistivity measurements. The parameters related to the chloride ion diffusion are investigated on the new type of concrete designed in the previous project, which contains waste material–red ceramics fine aggregate, and artificial expanded clay coarse aggregate. Ceramic materials contribute to the highest percentage of the construction and demolition wastes and, in most cases, this type of waste is disposed of in landfills. Significant factors limiting the use of the studied material are the unavailability of standards, avoidance of risk, and lack of knowledge and experience in using ceramic wastes for construction purposes. The obtained results of the studied mixture are compared to a reference concrete in terms of mechanical properties and durability parameters. The calculated diffusion coefficient is a crucial input parameter for modeling of the degradation process and the prediction of concrete durability; therefore, proper identification is of interest in order to allow for a broader application of ceramic waste aggregate-based concrete. The research showed unproportionality of results measured by the two methods in the case of waste aggregate concrete (60% difference in comparison with reference concrete), therefore it was proved that the electrical resistivity measurements need correlation of the resulting diffusion coefficient for proper modeling.
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Suárez-macías J, Terrones-saeta JM, Iglesias-godino FJ, Corpas-iglesias FA. Retention of Contaminants Elements from Tailings from Lead Mine Washing Plants in Ceramics for Bricks. Minerals 2020; 10:576. [DOI: 10.3390/min10060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mining activity is essential for the social welfare of the population. However, this activity produces a series of mining waste. These mining wastes, if not properly treated, can produce significant environmental pollution. This study develops the incorporation of tailings from washing plants in ceramic materials for bricks in order to retain the contaminating elements in the ceramic matrix. To this end, firstly, a physical and chemical characterisation of the mining waste is carried out and different groups of samples are conformed with clay and mining waste. These conformed samples with mining waste are evaluated through different physical and mechanical tests typical in the ceramic industry, studying the variation of properties by the incorporation of the waste. In turn, the leachates from the groups of conformed samples are analyzed, confirming the retention of the contaminating elements of the mining waste in the ceramic matrix. The results of these tests showed that ceramics can be made for bricks with up to 90% mining waste, obtaining physical and mechanical properties acceptable regarding the regulations and retaining the contaminating elements in the ceramic matrix, as confirmed by the leachate tests.
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Terrones-Saeta JM, Suárez-Macías J, Iglesias-Godino FJ, Corpas-Iglesias FA. Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ashes in Ceramic Materials for the Manufacture of Bricks and Evaluation of Their Leachates. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13092099. [PMID: 32370083 PMCID: PMC7254200 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Scarcity of raw materials, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and reduction of waste disposal in landfills are leading to the development of more sustainable building materials. Based on these lines, this work studies the incorporation of biomass bottom ashes into ceramic materials for brick manufacture, in order to reuse this currently unused waste and reduce clay extraction operations. To this end, different groups of samples were made with different combinations of clay and biomass bottom ashes, from 100% clay to 100% biomass bottom ashes. These samples were shaped, sintered and subjected to the usual physical tests in ceramics. In turn, the mechanical resistance, color and leaching of the contaminating elements present were studied. The physical and mechanical tests showed that the results of all the families were adequate, achieving compressive strengths of over 20 MPa and leaching of the contaminating elements acceptable by the regulations. Therefore, a sustainable range of ceramics was developed, with specific properties (porosity, density, resistance and color), with a waste that is currently unused and sustainable with the environment.
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Jiříčková A, Lojka M, Lauermannová A, Antončík F, Sedmidubský D, Pavlíková M, Záleská M, Pavlík Z, Jankovský O. Synthesis, Structure, and Thermal Stability of Magnesium Oxychloride 5Mg(OH)2∙MgCl2∙8H2O. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:1683. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Today, low-energy and low-carbon footprint alternatives to Portland cement are searched because of huge CO2 emissions coming from Portland clinker calcination. Because of some superior properties of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) and the lower carbon footprint of its production, MOC became an intensively studied material with high application potential for the design and development of construction products. In this contribution, magnesium oxychloride with stoichiometry 5Mg(OH)2∙MgCl2∙8H2O (Phase 5) was prepared and characterized. The kinetics of formation and the phase composition of the material were determined using X-ray diffraction and consequent Rietveld analysis. The morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and the chemical composition was determined by both energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. Moreover, the simultaneous thermal analysis in combination with mass spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the thermal stability. Using mass spectroscopy, we were able to clarify the mechanism of water and hydrochloric acid release, which was not previously reported. The observed structural and chemical changes induced by exposure of studied samples to elevated temperatures were linked with the measured residual macro and micro parameters, such as bulk density, specific density, porosity, water absorption, compressive strength, and pore size distribution. The Phase 5 revealed a needle-like crystalline morphology which formed rapidly and was almost completed after 96 h, resulting in relatively high material strength. The four-day compressive strength of magnesium oxychloride cement was similar to the 28-day compressive strength of Portland cement. The thermal stability of Phase 5 was low as the observed disruptive thermal processes were completed at temperatures lower than 470 °C.
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Pavlík Z, Pavlíková M, Záleská M, Łagód G, Suchorab Z, Guz L. Life cycle assessment of the use of sewage sludge as Portland cement replacement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/710/1/012038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hornakova M, Katzer J, Kobaka J, Konecny P. Lightweight SFRC Benefitting from a Pre-Soaking and Internal Curing Process. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12244152. [PMID: 31835727 PMCID: PMC6947619 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The presented research program is focused on the design of a structural lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete harnessing an internal curing process. Pre-soaked waste red ceramic fine aggregate and pre-soaked artificial clay expanded coarse aggregate were utilized for the creation of the mix. Copper-coated steel fiber was added to the mix by volume in amounts of 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. Test specimens in forms of cubes, cylinders, and beams were tested to specify the concrete characteristics. Such properties as consistency, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity, flexural characteristics, and shear strength were of special interest. The achieved concrete can be classified as LC12/13. A strength class, according to fib Model Code, was also assigned to the concretes in question. The proposed method of preparation of concrete mix using only pre-soaked aggregate (with no extra water) proved to be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hornakova
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-597-321-391
| | - Jacek Katzer
- Faculty of Geodesy, Geospatial and Civil Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kobaka
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Petr Konecny
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic;
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Sičáková A, Špak M. The Effect of a High Amount of Micro-Fillers on the Long-Term Properties of Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12203421. [PMID: 31635407 PMCID: PMC6829483 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Concretes in which a large portion of fine natural aggregate is replaced with inert mineral powders would offer both economic and ecological benefits for the concrete industry, and they represent eco-friendly materials. Moreover, using the powders having potential pozzolanic effect could have positive extra effect on the properties of concrete. This paper analyses the impact of a high dosage of three kinds of micro-fillers (brick, concrete and glass powders) on the properties of concrete over a three-year period. Microfillers were applied as 40% replacement of 0/4 aggregate by volume. Samples having high dosage of micro-fillers and thus a higher binder volume achieved excellent values of both compressive (from 31 to 48 MPa in 28 days, and from 67 to 93 MPa in three years) and flexural strength (from 6.3 to 8.4 MPa in 28 days, and from 7.1 to 11.1 MPa in three years). Both samples with brick powder and concrete powder achieved the biggest strength values; however, due to better performance in durability parameters (capillary water absorption coefficient and density), sample prepared with glass powder can be identified as having the biggest potential for intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Sičáková
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Vysokoškolská 4, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Matej Špak
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Vysokoškolská 4, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia.
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