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Rasaei N, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Gholami F, Shiraseb F, Khadem A, Fatemi SF, Mirzaei K. The association between healthy beverage index and sarcopenic obesity among women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:25. [PMID: 36717830 PMCID: PMC9887919 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity is related to changes in body composition, loss of muscle mass, and raised adipose tissue. Beverage patterns are effective with changes in health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the healthy beverage index (HBI) in women with overweight and obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted on 210 overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) women aged 18-56 years. The measurement of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM) done by bioelectric impedance analyzer (BIA) (Inbody Co., Seoul, Korea) based on guidelines. The two lowest quintiles SMM and the two highest quintiles FM and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 are considered sarcopenic obesity in women. A validated and reliable semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the beverage dietary data. and RFS and NRFS was calculated. Biochemical assessments were quantified by standard approaches, and physical activity were evaluated by international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULT In this cross-sectional study, 210 overweight and obese females took part (18-56) years old). The studies were carried out using binary logistic regression. After controlling for a wide variety of confounding variables such as age, energy intake, physical activity, education, and economic status, we found a negative association between HBI and risk of SO (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.01, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION We observed that the odds of SO was reduced by 69% in participants with higher HBI score. More well-designed studies need to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Fatemi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nguyen M, Jarvis SE, Tinajero MG, Yu J, Chiavaroli L, Mejia SB, Khan TA, Tobias DK, Willett WC, Hu FB, Hanley AJ, Birken CS, Sievenpiper JL, Malik VS. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:160-174. [PMID: 36789935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been implicated in fueling the obesity epidemic. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to update a synthesis of the evidence on SSBs and weight gain in children and adults. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched through September 8, 2022, for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated intake of SSBs in relation to BMI and body weight in children and adults, respectively. Eligible interventions were compared against a noncaloric control. Study-level estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and presented as β-coefficients with 95% CIs for cohorts and weighted mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for RCTs. RESULTS We identified 85 articles including 48 in children (40 cohorts, n = 91,713; 8 RCTs, n = 2783) and 37 in adults (21 cohorts, n = 448,661; 16 RCTs, n = 1343). Among cohort studies, each serving/day increase in SSB intake was associated with a 0.07-kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.04 kg/m2, 0.10 kg/m2) higher BMI in children and a 0.42-kg (95% CI: 0.26 kg, 0.58 kg) higher body weight in adults. RCTs in children indicated less BMI gain with SSB reduction interventions compared with control (MD: -0.21 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.40 kg/m2, -0.01 kg/m2). In adults, randomization to addition of SSBs to the diet led to greater body weight gain (MD: 0.83 kg; 95% CI: 0.47 kg, 1.19 kg), and subtraction of SSBs led to weight loss (MD: -0.49 kg; 95% CI: -0.66 kg, -0.32 kg) compared with the control groups. A positive linear dose-response association between SSB consumption and weight gain was found in all outcomes assessed. CONCLUSIONS Our updated systematic review and meta-analysis expands on prior evidence to confirm that SSB consumption promotes higher BMI and body weight in both children and adults, underscoring the importance of dietary guidance and public policy strategies to limit intake. This meta-analysis was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as CRD42020209915.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah E Jarvis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria G Tinajero
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiayue Yu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vasanti S Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Giussani M, Lieti G, Orlando A, Parati G, Genovesi S. Fructose Intake, Hypertension and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Aspects. A Narrative Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:792949. [PMID: 35492316 PMCID: PMC9039289 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.792949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, alterations in glucose metabolism and fatty liver, either alone or in association, are frequently observed in obese children and may seriously jeopardize their health. For obesity to develop, an excessive intake of energy-bearing macronutrients is required; however, ample evidence suggests that fructose may promote the development of obesity and/or metabolic alterations, independently of its energy intake. Fructose consumption is particularly high among children, because they do not have the perception, and more importantly, neither do their parents, that high fructose intake is potentially dangerous. In fact, while this sugar is erroneously viewed favorably as a natural nutrient, its excessive intake can actually cause adverse cardio-metabolic alterations. Fructose induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduces the production of anti-atherosclerotic cytokines, such as adiponectin. Furthermore, by interacting with hunger and satiety control systems, particularly by inducing leptin resistance, it leads to increased caloric intake. Fructose, directly or through its metabolites, promotes the development of obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and fatty liver. This review aims to highlight the mechanisms by which the early and excessive consumption of fructose may contribute to the development of a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors in children, thus representing a potential danger to their health. It will also describe the main clinical trials performed in children and adolescents that have evaluated the clinical effects of excessive intake of fructose-containing drinks and food, with particular attention to the effects on blood pressure. Finally, we will discuss the effectiveness of measures that can be taken to reduce the intake of this sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giussani
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lieti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonina Orlando
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Genovesi
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Olsen NJ, Lilienthal Heitmann B. Consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages and metabolic markers in children – a narrative review of the evidence. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Julie Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Section for General Practice Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Denmark
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Neelakantan N, Park SH, Chen GC, van Dam RM. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, weight gain, and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in Asia: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:50-67. [PMID: 33855443 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing in Asia and several countries are adopting preventive policies to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). However, evidence on the relation between SSB consumption and cardiometabolic health in Asian populations has not been summarized. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, the associations between consumption of SSBs and cardiometabolic outcomes, including obesity, T2DM, and CVD, are examined in Asian populations. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and gray literature were searched up to October, 2020 to identify relevant articles. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted data from included studies. DATA ANALYSIS When sufficient studies were available, a random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled estimates (expressed as risk ratio [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Heterogeneity was tested and quantified using the Cochrane Q test and I2 statistic, respectively. RESULTS Of the 17 studies included, 8 provided results about measures of adiposity (3 on weight change, 4 on body mass index (BMI), 2 on percent body fat, and 1 on abdominal obesity), 6 reported results about T2DM, and 3 reported on different CVD outcomes. High SSB consumption was significantly associated with greater weight gain and with a higher risk of selected CVD outcomes as compared with low consumption. In the meta-analysis, high SSB consumption was associated with greater T2DM risk before (RR, 1.51; 95%CI, 1.15-1.98 for highest vs lowest category; I2 = 76%) and after (RR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.09-1.73; I2 = 56%) adjustment for BMI. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high SSB consumption is directly associated with weight gain, risk of T2DM, and, possibly, selected CVD outcomes in Asian populations. Public health strategies to reduce SSB consumption in Asian countries are warranted. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019129456.Keywords: adiposity. cardiovascular disease, Asia, sugar-sweetened beverages, type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Neelakantan
- N. Neelakantan, S.H. Park, G.-C. Chen, and R.M van Dam are with the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore. G.-C. Chen is with the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, USA. R.M van Dam is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Su Hyun Park
- N. Neelakantan, S.H. Park, G.-C. Chen, and R.M van Dam are with the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore. G.-C. Chen is with the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, USA. R.M van Dam is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- N. Neelakantan, S.H. Park, G.-C. Chen, and R.M van Dam are with the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore. G.-C. Chen is with the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, USA. R.M van Dam is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rob M van Dam
- N. Neelakantan, S.H. Park, G.-C. Chen, and R.M van Dam are with the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore. G.-C. Chen is with the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, USA. R.M van Dam is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhang T, Au Yeung SL, Schooling CM. Association of genetically predicted blood sucrose with coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21588. [PMID: 33299099 PMCID: PMC7725802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the associations of genetically instrumented blood sucrose with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its risk factors (i.e., type 2 diabetes, adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, and glycaemic traits), using two-sample Mendelian randomization. We used blood fructose as a validation exposure. Dental caries was a positive control outcome. We selected genetic variants strongly (P < 5 × 10–6) associated with blood sucrose or fructose as instrumental variables and applied them to summary statistics from the largest available genome-wide association studies of the outcomes. Inverse-variance weighting was used as main analysis. Sensitivity analyses included weighted median, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO. Genetically higher blood sucrose was positively associated with the control outcome, dental caries (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 per log10 transformed effect size [median-normalized standard deviation] increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.002–1.08, P = 0.04), but this association did not withstand allowing for multiple testing. The estimate for blood fructose was in the same direction. Genetically instrumented blood sucrose was not clearly associated with CHD (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.997–1.02, P = 0.14), nor with its risk factors. Findings were similar for blood fructose. Our study found some evidence of the expected detrimental effect of sucrose on dental caries but no effect on CHD. Given a small effect on CHD cannot be excluded, further investigation with stronger genetic predictors is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,CUNY School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA.
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