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Matsuura K, Yamaura M, Sakawaki H, Himeno A, Pisil Y, Kobayakawa T, Tsuji K, Tamamura H, Matsushita S, Miura T. Sensitivity to a CD4 mimic of a consensus clone of monkey-adapted CCR5-tropic SHIV-MK38C. Virology 2023; 578:171-179. [PMID: 36580864 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By acclimatizing CCR5-tropic tier 1B SHIV-MK1 to rhesus monkeys, a tier 2 SHIV-MK38 strain with neutralization resistance and high replication ability was generated. In this study, we generated SHIV-MK38C, a monkey-infectious consensus molecular clone of SHIV-MK38. Analysis using pseudotype viruses showed that MK38C was tier 1C because it lacked the N169D mutation, which is the most important mutation for neutralization resistance. MK38C harboring the N169D mutation became tier 2. However, the replication ability of SHIV-MK38C with N169D was low; more than 17 weeks elapsed before its detection in monkeys. Tier 1C MK38C was sensitive to a CD4 mimic. Therefore, SHIV-MK38C could be used to evaluate CD4 mimics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Matsuura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamaura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakawaki
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ai Himeno
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yalcin Pisil
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Pisil Y, Yazici Z, Shida H, Miura T. Is SARS-CoV-2 Neutralized More Effectively by IgM and IgA than IgG Having the Same Fab Region? Pathogens 2021; 10:751. [PMID: 34199224 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of three Ig isotypes (IgG, IgA, and IgM) sharing the same anti-spike protein Fab region were developed; we evaluated their neutralizing abilities using a pseudo-typed lentivirus coated with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2-transfected Crandell–Rees feline kidney cells as the host cell line. Although each of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs was able to neutralize the spike-coated lentiviruses, IgM and IgA neutralized the viral particles at 225-fold and 125-fold lower concentrations, respectively, than that of IgG. Our finding that the neutralization ability of Igs with the same Fab domain was dramatically higher for IgM and IgA than IgG mAbs suggests a strategy for developing effective and affordable antibody therapies for COVID-19. The efficient neutralization conferred by IgM and IgA mAbs can be explained by their capacity to bind multiple virions. While several IgG mAbs have been approved as therapeutics by the FDA, there are currently no IgM or IgA mAbs available. We suggest that mAbs with multiple antigen-binding sites such as IgM and IgA could be developed as the new generation of therapy.
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