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Paietta EN, Kraberger S, Regney M, Custer JM, Ehmke E, Yoder AD, Varsani A. Interspecies Papillomavirus Type Infection and a Novel Papillomavirus Type in Red Ruffed Lemurs ( Varecia rubra). Viruses 2023; 16:37. [PMID: 38257737 PMCID: PMC10818365 DOI: 10.3390/v16010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Papillomaviridae are a family of vertebrate-infecting viruses of oncogenic potential generally thought to be host species- and tissue-specific. Despite their phylogenetic relatedness to humans, there is a scarcity of data on papillomaviruses (PVs) in speciose non-human primate lineages, particularly the lemuriform primates. Varecia variegata (black-and-white ruffed lemurs) and Varecia rubra (red ruffed lemurs), two closely related species comprising the Varecia genus, are critically endangered with large global captive populations. Varecia variegata papillomavirus (VavPV) types -1 and -2, the first PVs in lemurs with a fully identified genome, were previously characterized from captive V. variegata saliva. To build upon this discovery, saliva samples were collected from captive V. rubra with the following aims: (1) to identify PVs shared between V. variegata and V. rubra and (2) to characterize novel PVs in V. rubra to better understand PV diversity in the lemuriform primates. Three complete PV genomes were determined from V. rubra samples. Two of these PV genomes share 98% L1 nucleotide identity with VavPV2, denoting interspecies infection of V. rubra by VavPV2. This work represents the first reported case of interspecies PV infection amongst the strepsirrhine primates. The third PV genome shares <68% L1 nucleotide identity with that of all PVs. Thus, it represents a new PV species and has been named Varecia rubra papillomavirus 1 (VarPV1). VavPV1, VavPV2, and VarPV1 form a new clade within the Papillomaviridae family, likely representing a novel genus. Future work diversifying sample collection (i.e., lemur host species from multiple genera, sample type, geographic location, and wild populations) is likely to uncover a world of diverse lemur PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.K.); (M.R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Melanie Regney
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.K.); (M.R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Joy M. Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.K.); (M.R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Erin Ehmke
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
| | - Anne D. Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.K.); (M.R.); (J.M.C.)
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Ata EB, Allam AM, Elbayoumy MK, Mahmoud MAEF. Electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis of Bovine papillomavirus infection in cattle from four Egyptian governorates. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:160. [PMID: 33580367 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous warts are the common clinical feature of infection with Bovine papillomavirus (BPV), and it is commonly known as bovine papillomatosis. It causes significant economic losses, especially in the dairy sector. The aim of this study was surveillance of the circulating strains of BPV in four Egyptian governorates and characterization by electron microscopy. Warts skin lesions and whole blood from seventy-eight native breed cattle were obtained. Molecular detection using two different sets of primers, phylogenetic analysis, and electron microscopy were carried out. The obtained results showed that using FAP59/FAP64 primer set is more sensitive than the MY09/My11 primer set in the detection of the papilloma L1 gene either in the blood or in the skin lesion. Sequence analysis of the partially amplified L1 gene revealed 4 different strains belonging to Deltapapillomavirus 4. Only Alfayoum_Deltapapillomavirus_2018 (accession no: MW018705) was found to be closely related to the strain previously isolated in different Egyptian governorates in 2017, and 2 strains were closely related to an isolate of equine origin. Electron microscopy examination of the skin lesions showed the presence of negatively stained rounded, non-enveloped virus particles with a size of 60 nm in diameter. In conclusion, continuous surveillance and characterization of the circulating strains using multiple sets of primers are important. Efficient biosecurity measures must be applied to decrease transmission of papillomavirus between the different animal species, especially in the mixed management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Beshir Ata
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Allam
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Karam Elbayoumy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Kaynarcalidan O, Oğuzoğlu TÇ. The oncogenic pathways of papillomaviruses. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:7-16. [PMID: 33084187 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are oncogenic DNA viruses and induce hyperplastic benign lesions of both cutaneous and mucosal tissues in their various hosts, including many domestic and wild animals as well as humans. There are some Papillomavirus genotypes that can infect hosts different from their own, such as BPV 1 and BPV 2 originated from cattle, which can also infect horses and are responsible for fibroblastic tumours in horses. This review article summarizes the origin and evolution of papillomaviruses as an etiological agent in the historical process. The main focus in this review is the evaluation of the interactions between high-risk papillomavirus oncoproteins and programmed cell-death pathways. It further exemplifies the role of these interactions in the malignant cell transformation process. In parallel with this, the use and importance of the bovine model system to enlighten the papillomavirus-associated cancers is discussed with an in-depth examination. Furthermore, it focuses on the epidemiological situation of BPV infections in Turkey in the cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Kaynarcalidan
- Institute for Virology Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tuba Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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