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Al-Maweri SA, Alhajj MN, Anweigi L, Ashraf S, Halboub E, Salleh NM, Alanazi RH, Nassani MZ, Noushad M, Al Khabuli JO, Shamala A. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy on candida colonization and clinical symptoms in denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38229054 PMCID: PMC10790471 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recently proposed as a promising alternative therapy for Denture Stomatitis (DS). The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the current available evidence regarding the efficacy of PDT in the management of DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ProQuest were searched up to June 7, 2023. All relevant clinical trials were included. RevMan software was used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS Elven randomized clinical trials (460 DS patients) were included. Eight studies assessed the efficacy of PDT vs. topical antifungal therapy, while three studies assessed the adjunctive use of PDT (PDT + antifungal therapy) vs. topical antifungal therapy alone. The results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and conventional antifungal therapy on candida colonization at 15 days (MD: 0.95, 95% CI: -0.28, 2.19, p = 0.13) and at the end of follow-up (MD: -0.17, 95% CI: -1.33, 0.98, p = 0.77). The pooled two studies revealed relatively better efficacy of adjunctive use of PDT with antifungal therapy on candida colonization compared to antifungal therapy alone at 15 days (MD: -6.67, 95% CI: -15.15, 1.82, p = 0.12), and at the end of follow-up (MD: -7.14, 95% CI: -19.78, 5.50, p = 0.27). Additionally, the results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and topical antifungal therapy on the clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS PDT might be considered a viable option for DS either as an adjunct or as an alternative to the topical antifungal medications. Further studies with adequate sample sizes and standardized PDT parameters are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq A Al-Maweri
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alhajj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Lamyia Anweigi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sajna Ashraf
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nosizana Mohd Salleh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rawan H Alanazi
- Department of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zakaria Nassani
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Science & Technology, Sanaa, Yemen.
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Takeuchi Y, Aoki A, Hiratsuka K, Chui C, Ichinose A, Aung N, Kitanaka Y, Hayashi S, Toyoshima K, Iwata T, Arakawa S. Application of Different Wavelengths of LED Lights in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Periodontal Disease. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1676. [PMID: 38136710 PMCID: PMC10740818 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic light has been increasingly used in clinical dentistry for surgical ablation, disinfection, bio-stimulation, reduction in inflammation, and promotion of wound healing. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a type of phototherapy, has been used to selectively destroy tumor cells. Antimicrobial PDT (a-PDT) is used to inactivate causative bacteria in infectious oral diseases, such as periodontitis. Several studies have reported that this minimally invasive technique has favorable therapeutic outcomes with a low probability of adverse effects. PDT is based on the photochemical reaction between light, a photosensitizer, and oxygen, which affects its efficacy. Low-power lasers have been predominantly used in phototherapy for periodontal treatments, while light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have received considerable attention as a novel light source in recent years. LEDs can emit broad wavelengths of light, from infrared to ultraviolet, and the lower directivity of LED light appears to be suitable for plaque control over large and complex surfaces. In addition, LED devices are small, lightweight, and less expensive than lasers. Although limited evidence exists on LED-based a-PDT for periodontitis, a-PDT using red or blue LED light could be effective in attenuating bacteria associated with periodontal diseases. LEDs have the potential to provide a new direction for light therapy in periodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.I.); (S.H.); (K.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Koichi Hiratsuka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan;
| | | | - Akiko Ichinose
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.I.); (S.H.); (K.T.); (T.I.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Nay Aung
- Laser Light Dental Clinic Periodontal and Implant Center, Yangon 11241, Myanmar;
| | - Yutaro Kitanaka
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Sakura Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.I.); (S.H.); (K.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Keita Toyoshima
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.I.); (S.H.); (K.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.I.); (S.H.); (K.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Shinich Arakawa
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
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Gonçalves MLL, Sobral APT, Gallo JMAS, Gimenez T, Ferri EP, Ianello S, Motta PDB, Motta LJ, Horliana ACRT, Santos EM, Bussadori SK. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with erythrosine and blue light on dental biofilm bacteria: study protocol for randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075084. [PMID: 37730405 PMCID: PMC10510942 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective is to investigate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by erythrosine and a blue light-emitting diode (LED) in the reduction of bacteria in dental biofilm. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This clinical trial will be conducted with 30 patients who have biofilm, but without the presence of periodontal pockets, and who are being treated at the Dental Clinic of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos. A split-mouth model will be used (n=30), with group 1 control (conventional treatment) and group 2 (conventional treatment and aPDT). The bicarbonate jet will be used to remove dental biofilm in both groups. The treatment will be carried out in one session. aPDT will be performed before cleaning/prophylaxis, only in group 2. Participants will rinse with the photosensitiser erythrosine (diluted to 1 mM) for 1 min of pre-irradiation time, so that the drug can stain all the bacterial biofilm. Then, the D-2000 LED (DMC) will be applied, emitting at a wavelength of ʎ=470 nm, radiant power of 1000 mW, irradiance of 0.532 W/cm2 and radiant exposure of 63.8 J/cm2. Irradiation will be performed until the biofilm of the cervical region is illuminated for 2 min/point (4 cm2). The microbiological examination will be performed from samples of supragingival biofilm collected from the gingival sulcus. Collection will be performed in each experimental site before irradiation, immediately after the irradiation procedure and after the prophylaxis. Colony-forming units will be counted and the data will be submitted for statistical analysis for comparison of pretreatment and post-treatment results and between groups (conventional X aPDT). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos under process number 66984123.0.0000.5509. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05805761.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti Gallo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Veterinary Medicine in the Coastal Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Gimenez
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza Padilha Ferri
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Ianello
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamella de Barros Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Gonçalves JMLA, Monteiro CM, Machado GB, Pavani C. The combination of methylene blue and sodium dodecyl sulfate enhances the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of Candida albicans at lower light parameters. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103583. [PMID: 37094609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth of resistant microorganisms has been a challenge for health systems. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has gained attention due to its effects on resistant strains. Recently, it was shown that the association of methylene blue (MB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is an effective strategy to increase the effect of aPDT; however, it is unknown which are the best light parameters (such as irradiance and radiant exposure, RE), to reach the most effective protocols. This work aimed to evaluate the light parameters, irradiance, and radiant exposure, in aPDT with MB when conveyed in water compared to MB associated with SDS. METHODS Tests were carried out to quantify the colony-forming units (CFU) of ATCC 10231 strain of Candida albicans when using MB in different media and with different light parameters: Control (water), SDS (0.25%), MB (20 mg/mL), and the MB/SDS at irradiances of 3.7; 11.2; 18.6, and 26.1 mW/cm2 and varied irradiation times to reach radiant exposures of 4.4; 17.8; 26.7, and 44 J/cm². RESULTS The results showed that aPDT with MB/SDS had a higher antimicrobial effect than MB when conveyed in water. Furthermore, for the highest irradiance studied (26.1 mW/cm2), CFU decreases exponentially with increasing RE from 4.4 up to 44J/cm2. Similarly, at a fixed RE, the higher the irradiance used, the higher the antimicrobial effect was observed, except for the lowest RE studied (4.4 J/cm2). CONCLUSIONS aPDT with MB/SDS had a greater antimicrobial action at the lower light parameters when compared to MB conveyed in water. The authors suggest the use of RE above 18 J/cm2 and irradiance above 26mW/cm2 since at the mentioned parameters the increase in its value caused a greater antimicrobial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marcelo Lacerda Alves Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235-249, 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Montovam Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235-249, 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Benedito Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235-249, 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pavani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235-249, 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Madi M, Smith S, Alshehri S, Zakaria O, Almas K. Influence of Smoking on Periodontal and Implant Therapy: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5368. [PMID: 37047982 PMCID: PMC10094532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND smoking is considered the most modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease. OBJECTIVE the aim of this narrative review is to emphasize the effect of smoking on periodontal and implant therapy. METHODS The authors reviewed the literature reporting the clinical outcomes of smoking on periodontal surgical and nonsurgical treatment. The impact of smoking on implant therapy and sinus lifting procedures were also reviewed. RESULTS Periodontal and implant therapy outcomes are adversely affected by smoking. Smokers respond less favorably to periodontal therapy and periodontal flap procedures as compared to nonsmokers. Clinical outcomes for smokers are 50-75% worse than for nonsmokers. Studies reveal that smokers experience a significantly lower reduction in pocket depth compared to nonsmokers as well as less bone growth after treating infra-bony defects with guided tissue regeneration. The relative risk of implant failure is significantly higher in patients who smoke 20 cigarettes or more per day compared to nonsmokers. Additionally, smoking has also been shown to increase postoperative wound dehiscence and infection rates following sinus floor elevation. Longitudinal studies on smoke cessation have shown a reduction in bone loss and probing depths for periodontitis patients after cessation compared to those who smoke. CONCLUSION Smoking cessation can reduce probing depths and improve clinical attachment after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. There is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of smoking on peri-implantitis, as well as the loss of implants in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steph Smith
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Alshehri
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Almas
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Pourhajibagher M, Hosseini N, Bahador A. Antimicrobial activity of D-amino acid in combination with photo-sonoactivated hypericin nanoparticles against Acinetobacter baumannii. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:23. [PMID: 36658487 PMCID: PMC9850556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains is increasing worldwide. To overcome these life-threatening infections, the development of new treatment approaches is critical. For this purpose, this study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy (aPSDT) using hypericin nanoparticles (HypNP) in combination with D-Tryptophan (D-Trp) against A. baumannii. MATERIALS AND METHODS HypNP was synthesized and characterized, followed by the determination of the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of HypNP and D-Trp by checkerboard assay. Next, the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential of HypNP@D-Trp-mediated aPSDT against A. baumannii was evaluated. Finally, the anti-virulence activity of aPSDT using HypNP@D-Trp was accessed following the characterization of HypNP@D-Trp interaction with AbaI using in silico virtual screening and molecular docking. RESULTS A synergistic activity in the combination of HypNP and D-Trp against A. baumannii was observed with a FIC index value of 0.5. There was a 5.10 log10 CFU/mL reduction in the cell viability of A. baumannii when the bacterial cells were treated with 1/2 × MIC of HypNP@D-Trp and subsequently exposed to ultrasound waves and blue light (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant biofilm degradation effect on biofilm-associated cells of A. baumannii was observed after treatment with aPSDT using 2 × MIC of HypNP@D-Trp in comparison with the control groups (P < 0.05). According to the molecular docking analysis of the protein-ligand complex, Hyp with a high affinity for AbaI showed a binding affinity of - 9.41 kcal/mol. Also, the expression level of abaI gene was significantly downregulated by 10.32-fold in A. baumannii treated with aPSDT as comprised with the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that HypNP@D-Trp-mediated aPSDT can be considered a promising strategy to overcome the infections caused by A. baumannii by reducing the growth of bacterial biofilm and decreasing the expression of abaI as a gene involved in A. baumannii biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nava Hosseini
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada ,grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kassa CT, Salviatto LTC, Tortamano ACAC, Rost-Lima KS, Damante CA, Pavani C, Deana A, Kato IT, Wainwright M, Prates RA. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue in surfactant vehicle as adjuvant to periodontal treatment. Randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103194. [PMID: 36402375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodymanic therapy mediated by methylene blue has been investigated as an adjunctive to periodontal treatment but the dimerization of photosensitizer molecules reduces the phototoxic effects. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a surfactant that may control this aggregation. The aim of this study was evaluated the photodynamic effect of methylene blue in sodium dodecyl sulfate in periodontitis. METHODS 36 participants with periodontitis were selected and allocated randomly in two group for intervention and other two for control - all of them were treated with scaling and root planing before aPDT. Three periodontal evaluations were done: at the selection time, at the day of intervention and thirty-day after this. Pre-irradiation time was 1 min and 2 min for irradiation. Laser (Therapy XT, DMC, São Carlos, Brazil) with wavelength of 660 nm and 100 mW of power was used. Two photosensitizer solutions with 100 µM methylene blue was used, one of them was in water and other in 0,25% of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Two sites of each participant were selected for the experimental procedures. Microbiological evaluations were performed to quantify microorganisms before and immediately after intervention. Quantitative microbiological evaluation was the primary outcome; morphological aspects of bacterial colony, and clinical probing depth was the secondary one. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups in both bacterial reduction and the clinical parameter evaluated. CONCLUSION The effect of methylene blue in surfactant did not cause enough phototoxic effects that could promote reduction of periodontal pocket depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Teruo Kassa
- Biophotonics Program, Biophotonics Applied to Health Science Post Graduate program, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235/249 - Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Luciana Toledo Costa Salviatto
- Biophotonics Program, Biophotonics Applied to Health Science Post Graduate program, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235/249 - Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina A C Tortamano
- Biophotonics Program, Biophotonics Applied to Health Science Post Graduate program, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235/249 - Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Ketlyn Sthefany Rost-Lima
- Biophotonics Program, Biophotonics Applied to Health Science Post Graduate program, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235/249 - Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Carla Andreotti Damante
- Discipline of Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pavani
- Biophotonics Program, Biophotonics Applied to Health Science Post Graduate program, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235/249 - Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Deana
- Biophotonics Program, Biophotonics Applied to Health Science Post Graduate program, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235/249 - Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Ilka Tiemy Kato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ABC Federal University (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Renato Araujo Prates
- Biophotonics Program, Biophotonics Applied to Health Science Post Graduate program, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235/249 - Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil.
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Hepburn J, Williams-Lockhart S, Bensadoun RJ, Hanna R. A Novel Approach of Combining Methylene Blue Photodynamic Inactivation, Photobiomodulation and Oral Ingested Methylene Blue in COVID-19 Management: A Pilot Clinical Study with 12-Month Follow-Up. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2211. [PMID: 36358582 PMCID: PMC9686966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus was first recognized in late 2019 and remains a significant threat. We therefore assessed the use of local methylene blue photodynamic viral inactivation (MB-PDI) in the oral and nasal cavities, in combination with the systemic anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of orally ingested methylene blue (MB) and photobiomodulation (PBM) for COVID-19 disease. The proposed protocol leverages the separate and combined effects of MB and 660nm red light emitted diode (LED) to comprehensively address the pathophysiological sequelae of COVID-19. A total of eight pilot subjects with COVID-19 disease were treated in the Bahamas over the period June 2021-August 2021, using a remote care program that was developed for this purpose. Although not a pre-requisite for inclusion, none of the subjects had received any COVID-19 vaccination prior to commencing the study. Clinical outcome assessment tools included serial cycle threshold measurements as a surrogate estimate of viral load; serial online questionnaires to document symptom response and adverse effects; and a one-year follow-up survey to assess long-term outcomes. All subjects received MB-PDI to target the main sites of viral entry in the nose and mouth. This was the central component of the treatment protocol with the addition of orally ingested MB and/or PBM based on clinical requirements. The mucosal surfaces were irradiated with 660 nm LED in a continuous emission mode at energy density of 49 J/cm2 for PDI and 4.9 J/cm2 for PBM. Although our pilot subjects had significant co-morbidities, extremely high viral loads and moderately severe symptoms during the Delta phase of the pandemic, the response to treatment was highly encouraging. Rapid reductions in viral loads were observed and negative PCR tests were documented within a median of 4 days. These laboratory findings occurred in parallel with significant clinical improvement, mostly within 12-24 h of commencing the treatment protocol. There were no significant adverse effects and none of the subjects who completed the protocol required in-patient hospitalization. The outcomes were similarly encouraging at one-year follow-up with virtual absence of "long COVID" symptoms or of COVID-19 re-infection. Our results indicate that the protocols may be a safe and promising approach to challenging COVID-19 disease. Moreover, due its broad spectrum of activity, this approach has the potential to address the prevailing and future COVID-19 variants and other infections transmitted via the upper respiratory tract. Extensive studies with a large cohort are warranted to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Hepburn
- Luminnova Health, 34 Harbour Bay Plaza, East Bay Street, Nassau P.O. Box N-1081, Bahamas
| | | | - René Jean Bensadoun
- Centre De Haute Energie, Department of Oncology Radiology, 10 Boulevard Pasteur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Vaile Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- Department of Oral Surgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
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Lazăr L, Dako T, Mârțu M, Bica C, Bud A, Suciu M, Păcurar M, Lazăr A. Effects of Laser Therapy on Periodontal Status in Adult Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2672. [DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment with fixed devices should only be indicated in case of a stable, non-active periodontal disease status. Throughout orthodontic treatment, a careful assessment of the periodontal status is advised. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, laser therapy is frequently used as an adjunct to classic periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages and limitations of the use of laser therapy on periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. Throughout the 9 months during which this placebo-controlled, single-blind clinical trial was conducted, 32 patients were included in the study, divided into two groups: microscope “+” (patients who observed the bacteria within the dental plaque-sample examination on the screen of a dark-field microscope in real time) and microscope “−” (patients who did not see the oral pathogens using a dark-field microscope). For all patients, using the split-mouth study design, laser therapy was applied to one hemiarch (HL), whereas the other hemiarch received treatment without active light (HC). After one month, by analyzing the main indicators of periodontal health status, we found that the plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) values were significantly decreased after receiving treatment (for PI: HL-p = 0.0005, HC-p = 0.0297; for BOP: HL-p = 0.0121, HC-p = 0.0236), whereas the probing-depth (PD) values remained almost the same as before treatment (HL-p = 1.5143; HC-p = 1.4762). Conclusions: The use of the dark-field microscope proved to be beneficial in sensitizing patients to the presence of bacteria in the oral cavity and motivated them to strictly follow the rules of oral hygiene. Laser treatment can be a valuable aid in periodontal therapy, but only in adjunction with mechanical therapy.
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Preis E, Wojcik M, Litscher G, Bakowsky U. Editorial on the “Special Issue in Honor of Dr. Michael Weber’s 70th Birthday: Photodynamic Therapy: Rising Star in Pharmaceutical Applications”. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091786. [PMID: 36145534 PMCID: PMC9500869 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of years ago, phototherapy or heliotherapy was performed by ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (U.B.)
| | - Matthias Wojcik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (U.B.)
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- President of ISLA (International Society for Medical Laser Applications), Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (U.B.)
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (U.B.)
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11
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Li D, Yu B, Ye T, Wang Y, Zou Y. Successful treatment of oral condyloma acuminata with photodynamic therapy: Two case reports. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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CECI S, BERATE P, CANDREA S, BABTAN AM, AZZOLLINI D, PIRAS F, CURATOLI L, CORRIERO A, PATANO A, VALENTE F, MAGGIORE ME, MANCINI A, GIOVANNIELLO D, NUCCI L, ELIA R, SIRBU A, GALDERISI A, CARDARELLI F. The oral and gut microbiota: beyond a short communication. Balneo and PRM Research Journal 2021. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2021.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The current treatment and prevention of oral disorders, dental caries, periodontal and gum diseases, follow a very non-specific control of plaque as the main causative factor. The main therapeutically approach is carried out on the sole perspective to keep the levels of oral bacteria in an acceptable range compatible with one-way vision of oral-mouth health, as something completely separated from a systemic microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) concomitant present in the gut. A sealed compartmental view which sees separate and incommunicable responses to a specific condition without considering the presence of interacting confounding factors can negatively influence the diagnosis a diseases and of course its progression. A general non-specific antimicrobial with more general antiplaque therapy based mainly on oral care products together with surgery interventions represent at the moment the only mechanical responses in treating oral diseases.
Material and method. The present paper is a narrative review concening interractions between oral and gut microbiota, with a focus on the interdisciplinary approach in antimicrobial treatment. Pubmed, Cochrane Library database were used for searching engines. Key words used were as follows: “inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS)”, “ulcerative colitis”, “oral dysbiosis”, “gut dysbiosis”, “probiotics”, “periodontitis”.
Results and discussions. Literature research showed that there are few issues to be discussed the ever increasing resistance to antibiotics, the high consumption of industrial food and sugars and their negatively effect on gut and oral microbiota. There is a need to highlight and develop a novel philosophical approach in the treatments for oral diseases that will necessarily involve non-conventional antimicrobial solutions. Such approaches should preferably reduce the consumption of both intestinal and oral microbiota, that are intimately connected and host approximately well over 1000 different species of bacteria at 108–109 bacteria per mL of mucous and saliva. Preventive approaches based upon the restoration of the microbial ecological balance, rather than elimination of the disease associated species, have been proposed.
Conclusions. Having both oral-gut microbiota screened is an essential moment that influence the healthy immune modulatory and regenerative capacity of the body and, the new proposed formula integrates a wider screen on the patients where oral condition is strictly evaluated together with gut screen; therefore any proposed treatment will be inevitably sustained by the use of prebiotics and probiotics to promote health-associated bacterial growth.
Keywords: inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis, oral dysbiosis, gut dysbiosis, probiotics, periodontitis,
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino CECI
- 1. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M), University of Medicine “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Pula BERATE
- 2. Privat clinic, Allias Vure, Rruga, Tirane, Albania
| | - Sebastian CANDREA
- 3. Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anida-Maria BABTAN
- 3. Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela AZZOLLINI
- 1. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M), University of Medicine “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio PIRAS
- 1. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M), University of Medicine “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi CURATOLI
- 4. Department Neurosciences & Sensory Organs & Musculoskeletal system. University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto CORRIERO
- 5. Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta PATANO
- 1. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M), University of Medicine “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco VALENTE
- 1. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M), University of Medicine “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Elena MAGGIORE
- 1. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M), University of Medicine “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio MANCINI
- 1. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M), University of Medicine “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ludovica NUCCI
- 7. Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella ELIA
- Bari University “Aldo Moro”, place Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy
| | - Adina SIRBU
- Department of Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Fillippo CARDARELLI
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M), University of Medicine “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Diakoumopoulou D, Magana M, Karoussis IK, Nikolaou C, Chatzipanagiotou S, Ioannidis A. The ever-changing landscape in modern dentistry therapeutics - Enhancing the emptying quiver of the periodontist. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08342. [PMID: 34816039 PMCID: PMC8591475 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objectives Periodontitis comprises of a wide range of inflammatory conditions of the gums leading to soft tissue damage and attachment loss. The initiation of periodontitis constitutes a rather complex disease pathogenesis which is based on pathogenic shifts of the oral microbiota combined with the host-microbiome interactions. The severity of the periodontitis is multifactorial depending on genetic, environmental, as well as host immunity factors. Data and sources To make an inclusive analysis on the periodontitis therapeutics, reading of the recent relevant literature was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed database, Google Scholar and the NIH public online database for clinical trials (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov). Conclusions Tackling the inflammation associated periodontal defects can be succeeded with conventional therapy or resective and regenerative treatment. To date, the mechanical removal of the supragingival and subgingival biofilm is considered the “gold standard” of periodontal therapy in combination with the use of antibacterial compounds. The antimicrobial resistance phenomenon tends to turn all the currently applied antibacterials into “endangered species”. Ongoing efforts through the conduct of clinical trials should be focused on understanding the advantages of modern approaches in comparison to traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Diakoumopoulou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Magana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Karoussis
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Nikolaou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripolis, Greece
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Alberto LA, Georgina CE, Miryam MH, Gabriel TL, Adrian EG, Arelly CB, Lena RA, Antonio ÁM, Manuel MV. Antimicrobial effect of Casiopeinas® copper- and ruthenium-based compounds on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and in vitro cell viability onto osteoblasts cells. Braz J Microbiol 2021. [PMID: 34741282 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial property of Casiopeinas® copper- and ruthenium-based compounds against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b (ATCC® 43,718™), as well as the cytotoxicity on an osteoblasts cell line of both compounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antibacterial effect of the copper-based compounds (CasII-gly, CasIII-ia) and the ruthenium-based compound (RuN-6) at four different concentrations was evaluated as the inhibition ratio of the bacterial growth after 48 h under anaerobic conditions, and the cell viability was measured through resazurin assay. RESULTS The copper- and ruthenium-based compounds used for this assay were (CasII-gly, CasIII-ia, and RuN-6), showing inhibitory activity between 39 and 62% compared to the antibiotic employed as control 66%. Cell viability was established between 61 and 96%. CONCLUSIONS Casiopeinas® and ruthenium showed dose and time dependent, inhibitory activity on A. actinomycetemcomitans, and low toxicity on cells (osteoblast) underexposure. The compound CasII-gly showed the best antimicrobial effect, and it could be considered a possible antimicrobial agent in periodontal therapy.
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