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Iiyama CM, Vilcherrez-Atoche JA, Germanà MA, Vendrame WA, Cardoso JC. Breeding of ornamental orchids with focus on Phalaenopsis: current approaches, tools, and challenges for this century. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 132:163-178. [PMID: 38302667 PMCID: PMC10997592 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ornamental orchid breeding programs have been conducted to develop commercially valuable cultivars with improved characteristics of commercial interest, such as size, flower color, pattern, shape, and resistance to pathogens. Conventional breeding, including sexual hybridization followed by selection of desirable characteristics in plants, has so far been the main method for ornamental breeding, but other techniques, including mutation induction by polyploidization and gamma irradiation, and biotechnological techniques, such as genetic transformation, have also been studied and used in ornamental breeding programs. Orchids are one of the most commercially important families in floriculture industry, having very particular reproductive biology characteristics and being a well-studied group of ornamentals in terms of genetic improvement. The present review focuses on the conventional and biotechnological techniques and approaches specially employed in breeding Phalaenopsis orchids, the genus with highest worldwide importance as an ornamental orchid, highlighting the main limitations and strengths of the approaches. Furthermore, new opportunities and future prospects for ornamental breeding in the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing era are also discussed. We conclude that conventional hybridization remains the most used method to obtain new cultivars in orchids. However, the emergence of the first biotechnology-derived cultivars, as well as the new biotechnological tools available, such as CRISPR-Cas9, rekindled the full potential of biotechnology approaches and their importance for improve ornamental orchid breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Midori Iiyama
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Department of Biotechnology, Plant and Animal Production, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (CCA/UFSCar), Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, CEP13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Plant Production and Associated Bioprocesses, CCA/UFSCar, Araras, Brazil.
| | - Joe Abdul Vilcherrez-Atoche
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Department of Biotechnology, Plant and Animal Production, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (CCA/UFSCar), Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, CEP13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Plant Production and Associated Bioprocesses, CCA/UFSCar, Araras, Brazil
| | - Maria Antonietta Germanà
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Wagner Aparecido Vendrame
- Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jean Carlos Cardoso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Department of Biotechnology, Plant and Animal Production, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (CCA/UFSCar), Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, CEP13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Plant Production and Associated Bioprocesses, CCA/UFSCar, Araras, Brazil.
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Mori K, Tanase K, Sasaki K. Novel electroporation-based genome editing of carnation plant tissues using RNPs targeting the anthocyanidin synthase gene. Planta 2024; 259:84. [PMID: 38448635 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A novel electroporation method for genome editing was performed using plant tissue samples by direct RNPs-introduction in carnation. Genome editing is becoming a very useful tool in plant breeding. In this study, a novel electroporation method was performed for genome editing using plant tissue samples. The objective was to create a flower color mutant using the pink-flowered carnation 'Kane Ainou 1-go'. For this purpose, a ribonucleoprotein consisting of guide RNA and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) was introduced into the stem tissue to induce mutations in the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene, which is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. As the ANS of 'Kane Ainou 1-go' has not been previously isolated, we initially isolated the ANS gene from 'Kane Ainou 1-go' for characterization. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed that the ANS gene was present in the genome as a two-allele gene with a pair of homologous sequences (ANS-1 and 2); these sequences were used as the target for genome editing. Genome editing was performed by introducing #2_single-guide RNA into the stem tissue using the ribonucleoprotein. This molecule was used because it exhibited the highest efficiency in an analysis of cleavage activity against the target sequence in vitro. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analysis of genomic DNA extracted from 85 regenerated individuals after genome editing was performed. The results indicated that mutations in the ANS gene may have been introduced into two lines. Cloning of the ANS gene in these two lines confirmed the introduction of a single nucleotide substitution mutation for ANS-1 in both lines, and a single amino acid substitution in one line. We discussed the possibility of color change by the amino acid substitution, and also the future applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Mori
- Aichi Agricultural Research Center (AARC), 1-1 Sagamine Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Tanase
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0852, Japan
| | - Katsutomo Sasaki
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0852, Japan.
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Penna S, Jain SM. Editorial: Innovative technologies and advancements in designing custom-made ornamental plants. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1348949. [PMID: 38152145 PMCID: PMC10751918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1348949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suprasanna Penna
- Amity Centre for Nuclear Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University of Maharashtra, Mumbai, India
| | - Shri Mohan Jain
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Malakar M, Paiva PDDO, Beruto M, da Cunha Neto AR. Review of recent advances in post-harvest techniques for tropical cut flowers and future prospects: Heliconia as a case-study. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1221346. [PMID: 37575938 PMCID: PMC10419226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Aesthetic attributes and easy-to-grow nature of tropical cut flowers (TCFs) have contributedto their potential for increased production. The dearth of information regarding agronomic practices and lack of planting materials are the key hindrances against their fast expansion. Unconventional high-temperature storage requirements and the anatomy of the peduncle contribute topoor vase life performance, while troublesome packaging and transport due to unusual size and structureprimarily cause post-harvest quality deterioration. Nonetheless, the exotic floral structuresconsequently increase market demand, particularly in temperate countries. This boosts studies aimed at overcoming post-harvest hindrances. While a few TCFs (Anthurium, Strelitzia, Alpinia, and a few orchids) are under the spotlight, many others remain behind the veil. Heliconia, an emerging specialty TCF (False Bird-of-Paradise, family Heliconiaceae), is one of them. The structural uniquenessand dazzling hues of Heliconia genotypes facilitate shifting its position from the back to the forefrontof the world floriculture trade. The unsatisfactory state-of-the-art of Heliconia research and the absence of any review exclusively on it are the key impetus for structuring this review. In addition to the aforementioned setbacks, impaired water uptake capacity after harvest, high chilling sensitivity, and the proneness of xylem ducts to microbial occlusion may be counted as a few additional factors that hinder its commercialization. This review demonstrates the state-of-the-art of post-harvest research while also conceptualizing the implementation of advanced biotechnological aid to alleviate the challenges, primarily focusing on Heliconia (the model crop here) along with some relevant literature on its other allied members. Standard harvesting indices, grading, and packaging are also part of the entire post-harvest operational chain, but since these phases are barely considered in Heliconia and the majority of tropical ornamentals except a few, a comprehensive account of these aspects has also been given. The hypothesized cues to nip chilling injury, resorting to different bio-chemical treatments, nano-based technology, and advanced packaging techniques, may help overcome preservation difficulties and propel its transition from niche to the commercial flower market. In a nutshell, readers will gain a comprehensive overview of how optimum post-harvest handling practices can rewardingly characterize this unique group of TCFs as the most remunerative component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Malakar
- Department of Horticulture & Floriculture, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | | | - Margherita Beruto
- International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Ornamental Plant Division, San Remo, Italy
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Verma V, Kumar A, Partap M, Thakur M, Bhargava B. CRISPR-Cas: A robust technology for enhancing consumer-preferred commercial traits in crops. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1122940. [PMID: 36824195 PMCID: PMC9941649 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The acceptance of new crop varieties by consumers is contingent on the presence of consumer-preferred traits, which include sensory attributes, nutritional value, industrial products and bioactive compounds production. Recent developments in genome editing technologies provide novel insight to identify gene functions and improve the various qualitative and quantitative traits of commercial importance in plants. Various conventional as well as advanced gene-mutagenesis techniques such as physical and chemical mutagenesis, CRISPR-Cas9, Cas12 and base editors are used for the trait improvement in crops. To meet consumer demand, breakthrough biotechnologies, especially CRISPR-Cas have received a fair share of scientific and industrial interest, particularly in plant genome editing. CRISPR-Cas is a versatile tool that can be used to knock out, replace and knock-in the desired gene fragments at targeted locations in the genome, resulting in heritable mutations of interest. This review highlights the existing literature and recent developments in CRISPR-Cas technologies (base editing, prime editing, multiplex gene editing, epigenome editing, gene delivery methods) for reliable and precise gene editing in plants. This review also discusses the potential of gene editing exhibited in crops for the improvement of consumer-demanded traits such as higher nutritional value, colour, texture, aroma/flavour, and production of industrial products such as biofuel, fibre, rubber and pharmaceuticals. In addition, the bottlenecks and challenges associated with gene editing system, such as off targeting, ploidy level and the ability to edit organelle genome have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Akhil Kumar
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Mahinder Partap
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jin C, Dong L, Wei C, Wani MA, Yang C, Li S, Li F. Creating novel ornamentals via new strategies in the era of genome editing. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1142866. [PMID: 37123857 PMCID: PMC10140431 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ornamental breeding has traditionally focused on improving novelty, yield, quality, and resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. However, achieving these goals has often required laborious crossbreeding, while precise breeding techniques have been underutilized. Fortunately, recent advancements in plant genome sequencing and editing technology have opened up exciting new frontiers for revolutionizing ornamental breeding. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of ornamental transgenic breeding and propose four promising breeding strategies that have already proven successful in crop breeding and could be adapted for ornamental breeding with the help of genome editing. These strategies include recombination manipulation, haploid inducer creation, clonal seed production, and reverse breeding. We also discuss in detail the research progress, application status, and feasibility of each of these tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Jin
- Floriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Liqing Dong
- Floriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Wei
- Floriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Muneeb Ahmad Wani
- Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Floriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shenchong Li
- Floriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Li, ; Shenchong Li,
| | - Fan Li
- Floriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Li, ; Shenchong Li,
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Sirohi U, Kumar M, Sharma VR, Teotia S, Singh D, Chaudhary V, Yadav MK. CRISPR/Cas9 System: A Potential Tool for Genetic Improvement in Floricultural Crops. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1303-1318. [PMID: 35751797 PMCID: PMC9244459 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Demand of flowers is increasing with time worldwide. Floriculture has become one of the most important commercial trades in agriculture. Although traditional breeding methods like hybridization and mutation breeding have contributed significantly to the development of important flower varieties, flower production and quality of flowers can be significantly improved by employing modern breeding approaches. Novel traits of significance have interest to consumers and producers, such as fragrance, new floral color, change in floral architecture and morphology, vase life, aroma, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, have been introduced by genetic manipulation. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has recently emerged as a powerful genome-editing tool for accurately changing DNA sequences at specific locations. It provides excellent means of genetically improving floricultural crops. CRISPR/Cas system has been utilized in gene editing in horticultural cops. There are few reports on the utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in flowers. The current review summarizes the research work done by employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system in floricultural crops including improvement in flowering traits such as color modification, prolonging the shelf life of flowers, flower initiation, and development, changes in color of ornamental foliage by genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing could be useful in developing novel cultivars with higher fragrance and enhanced essential oil and many other useful traits. The present review also highlights the basic mechanism and key components involved in the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Sirohi
- Present Address: National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, 110067 India
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
| | - Vinukonda Rakesh Sharma
- Plant Genetic Resources and Improvement, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Sachin Teotia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306 India
| | - Deepali Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308 India
| | - Veena Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250003 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
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Chaudhary M, Mukherjee TK, Singh R, Gupta M, Goyal S, Singhal P, Kumar R, Bhusal N, Sharma P. CRISPR/Cas technology for improving nutritional values in the agricultural sector: an update. Mol Biol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35568789 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) system was initially identified in bacteria and archaea as a defense mechanism to confer immunity against phages. Later on, it was developed as a gene editing tool for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells including plant cells. METHODS AND RESULTS CRISPR/Cas9 approach has wider applications in reverse genetics as well as in crop improvement. Various characters involved in enhancing economic value and crop sustainability against biotic/abiotic stresses can be targeted through this tool. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing mechanism has been applied on around 20 crop species for improvement in several traits including yield enhancement and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the last five years, maximum genome editing research has been validated in rice, wheat, maize and soybean. Genes targeted in these plants has been involved in causing male sterility, conferring resistance against pathogens or having certain nutritional value. CONCLUSIONS Current review summarizes various applications of CRISPR/Cas system and its future prospects in plant biotechnology targeting crop improvement with higher yield, disease tolerance and enhanced nutritional value.
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Li Y, Chen L, Zhan X, Liu L, Feng F, Guo Z, Wang D, Chen H. Biological effects of gamma-ray radiation on tulip ( Tulipa gesneriana L.). PeerJ 2022; 10:e12792. [PMID: 35111407 PMCID: PMC8783560 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tulip, being an important ornamental plant, generally requires lengthy and laborious procedures to develop new varieties using traditional breeding methods requires. But ionizing radiation potentially accelerates the breeding process of ornamental plant species. The biological effects of γ-ray irradiation on tulip, therefore, were investigated through establishing an irradiation-mediated mutation breeding protocol to accelerate its breeding process. ISSR-PCR molecular marker technique was further used to identify the mutants of phenotypic variation plants. This study showed that low irradiation doses (5 Gy) stimulated bulb germination to improve the survival rate of tulip, while high irradiation doses (20 to 100 Gy) significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited its seed germination and growth, and decreased the flowering rate, petal number, flower stem length and flower diameter. More than 40 Gy significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the total chlorophyll content and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tulips. Interestingly, three types of both stigma variations and flower pattern variations, and four types of flower colour variations were observed. With increasing the irradiation dose from 5 to 100 Gy, the anthocyanin and flavonoid contents continuously decreased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis evidenced that high irradiation doses altered the micromorphology of leaf stomata. Microscopic observations of tulip root apical mitosis further showed the abnormal chromosomal division behaviour occurring at different mitotic phases under irradiation treatment (80 Gy). Increasing the irradiation dose from 20 to 100 Gy enhanced the micronucleus rate. Moreover, the suspected genetic variation in tulips was evaluated by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 68%. Finally, this study concludes that that 80 Gy may be an appropriate radiation does to better enhance the efficiency of mutagenic breeds in tulip plants. Using γ-ray irradiation, therefore, is expected to offer a theoretical basis for mutation breeding in tulips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Li
- Breeding Platform of Sichuan Radiation Mutagenesis Technology, Chengdu, China
- National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaodie Zhan
- Breeding Platform of Sichuan Radiation Mutagenesis Technology, Chengdu, China
- National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Breeding Platform of Sichuan Radiation Mutagenesis Technology, Chengdu, China
- National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Feihong Feng
- National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Zihua Guo
- National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Breeding Platform of Sichuan Radiation Mutagenesis Technology, Chengdu, China
- National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Breeding Platform of Sichuan Radiation Mutagenesis Technology, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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Lassoued R, Phillips PW, Macall DM, Hesseln H, Smyth SJ. Expert opinions on the regulation of plant genome editing. Plant Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1104-1109. [PMID: 33834596 PMCID: PMC8196660 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Global food security is largely affected by factors such as environmental (e.g. drought, flooding), social (e.g. gender inequality), socio-economic (e.g. overpopulation, poverty) and health (e.g. diseases). In response, extensive public and private investment in agricultural research has focused on increasing yields of staple food crops and developing new traits for crop improvement. New breeding techniques pioneered by genome editing have gained substantial traction within the last decade, revolutionizing the plant breeding field. Both industry and academia have been investing and working to optimize the potentials of gene editing and to bring derived crops to market. The spectrum of cutting-edge genome editing tools along with their technical differences has led to a growing international regulatory, ethical and societal divide. This article is a summary of a multi-year survey project exploring how experts view the risks of new breeding techniques, including genome editing and their related regulatory requirements. Surveyed experts opine that emerging biotechnologies offer great promise to address social and climate challenges, yet they admit that the market growth of genome-edited crops will be limited by an ambiguous regulatory environment shaped by societal uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Lassoued
- Department of Agricultural and Resource EconomicsUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Peter W.B. Phillips
- The Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public PolicyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | | | - Hayley Hesseln
- Department of Agricultural and Resource EconomicsUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Stuart J. Smyth
- Department of Agricultural and Resource EconomicsUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
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Giovannini A, Laura M, Nesi B, Savona M, Cardi T. Genes and genome editing tools for breeding desirable phenotypes in ornamentals. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:461-478. [PMID: 33388891 PMCID: PMC7778708 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We review the main genes underlying commercial traits in cut flower species and critically discuss the possibility to apply genome editing approaches to produce novel variation and phenotypes. Promoting flowering and flower longevity as well as creating novelty in flower structure, colour range and fragrances are major objectives of ornamental plant breeding. The novel genome editing techniques add new possibilities to study gene function and breed new varieties. The implementation of such techniques, however, relies on detailed information about structure and function of genomes and genes. Moreover, improved protocols for efficient delivery of editing reagents are required. Recent results of the application of genome editing techniques to elite ornamental crops are discussed in this review. Enabling technologies and genomic resources are reviewed in relation to the implementation of such approaches. Availability of the main gene sequences, underlying commercial traits and in vitro transformation protocols are provided for the world's best-selling cut flowers, namely rose, lily, chrysanthemum, lisianthus, tulip, gerbera, freesia, alstroemeria, carnation and hydrangea. Results obtained so far are described and their implications for the improvement of flowering, flower architecture, colour, scent and shelf-life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Giovannini
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - M. Laura
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - B. Nesi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Via dei Fiori 8, 51017 Pescia, Italy
| | - M. Savona
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - T. Cardi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
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Vázquez-Espinosa M, Fayos O, V. González-de-Peredo A, Espada-Bellido E, Ferreiro-González M, Palma M, Garcés-Claver A, F. Barbero G. Content of Capsaicinoids and Capsiate in "Filius" Pepper Varieties as Affected by Ripening. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9091222. [PMID: 32957596 PMCID: PMC7569991 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Peppers are fruits with wide genetic variability and multiple ways of being consumed that hold a relevant position in the human diet. Nowadays, consumers are interested in new gastronomic experiences provided by pepper cultivars that present new shapes, colors, and flavors while preserving their bioactive compounds, such as their capsaicinoids and capsinoids. However, numerous changes take place during their development that may alter their biological properties. Therefore, this work evaluates the capsaicinoid and capsiate contents in two traditional varieties of ornamental peppers ("Filius Blue" and "Filius Green'") during fruit maturation. The aim is to determine the ideal harvesting moment depending on the farmer's objective (e.g., achieving a specific color, shape, or flavor; achieving the maximum concentrations of bioactive compounds). The capsaicinoid contents followed different patterns in the two varieties analyzed. The "Filius Blue" variety exhibited increasing concentrations of capsaicinoids up to the 41st day post-anthesis (dpa), from which point on this trend was reversed. The concentrations in the "Filius Green" variety increased and decreased several times, reaching maximum concentrations on the 69th dpa. Regarding capsiate contents, both varieties varied in the same way, reaching maximum concentrations on the 34th dpa and then decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.V.-E.); (A.V.G.-d.-P.); (E.E.-B.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Oreto Fayos
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (O.F.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Ana V. González-de-Peredo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.V.-E.); (A.V.G.-d.-P.); (E.E.-B.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Estrella Espada-Bellido
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.V.-E.); (A.V.G.-d.-P.); (E.E.-B.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.V.-E.); (A.V.G.-d.-P.); (E.E.-B.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.V.-E.); (A.V.G.-d.-P.); (E.E.-B.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana Garcés-Claver
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (O.F.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Gerardo F. Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.V.-E.); (A.V.G.-d.-P.); (E.E.-B.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956-016355; Fax: +34-956-016460
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