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Zhou C, Shi S, Zhang X, Sun Y, Peng G, Yuan W. Mechanism insight into the N-C polar bond and Pd-Co heterojunction for improved hydrogen evolution activity. iScience 2024; 27:109620. [PMID: 38628965 PMCID: PMC11019276 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Constructing platinum-like materials with excellent catalytic activity and low cost has great significance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during electrolysis of water. Herein, palladium nanoparticles (NPs) deposition on the surface of Co NPs using nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) as substrate, denoted as N-ZIFC/CoPd-30, are manufactured and served as HER electrocatalysts. Characterization results and density functional theory calculations validate that Pd-Co heterojunctions with NC acting as "electron donators" promote the Pd species transiting to the electron-rich state based on an efficient electron transfer mechanism, namely the N-C polar bonds induced strong metal-support interaction effect. The electron-rich Pd sites are beneficial to HER. Satisfactorily, N-ZIFC/CoPd-30 have only low overpotentials of 16, 162, and 13 mV@-10 mA cm-2 with the small Tafel slopes of 98 mV/decade, 126 mV/decade, and 72 mV/decade in pH of 13, 7, and 0, respectively. The success in fabricating N-ZIFC/CoPd opens a promising path to constructing other platinum-like electrocatalysts with high HER activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Zhou
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, People’s Republic of China
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoyuan Shi
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, People’s Republic of China
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341119, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, People’s Republic of China
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, People’s Republic of China
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guan Peng
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yuan
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, People’s Republic of China
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341119, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Ding S, Yang T, Pang J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiang Z. Study on the Preparation and Process Parameter-Mechanical Property Relationships of Carbon Fiber Fabric Reinforced Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:897. [PMID: 38611153 PMCID: PMC11013043 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon fiber fabric-reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (CFF-PEEK) composites exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, and their flexibility and conformability make them a promising alternative to traditional prepregs. However, the formation of the CFF-PEEK composite is trapped in the high viscosity of PEEK, the smooth surface, and tightly interwoven bundles of CFF. It is more difficult for the resin to flow through the fibers of complex textile structures. Here, a simple film stacking method using the hot-pressing process of plain-woven CFF-PEEK thermoplastic composites is discussed. The uniform distribution of PEEK resin between each layer of CFF reduces the flow distance during the molding process, preventing defects in the composite material effectively. Four process parameters, including molding temperature (370, 385, 400, and 415 °C), molding pressure (1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 MPa), molding time (10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 90 min), and pre-compaction process, are considered. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), tensile strength, and flexural strength of CFF/PEEK composites are evaluated to optimize the process parameters. Moreover, ultrasonic scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are employed to observe the formation quality and microscopic failure modes of CFF/PEEK composites, respectively. The ultimate process parameters are a molding temperature of 410 °C, molding pressure of 10 MPa, molding time of 60 min, and the need for the pre-compaction process. Under the best process parameters, the ILSS is 62.5 MPa, the flexural strength is 754.4 MPa, and the tensile strength is 796.1 MPa. This work provides valuable insight for studying the process parameters of fiber fabric-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites and revealing their impact on mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.D.); (T.Y.); (J.P.); (H.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.D.); (T.Y.); (J.P.); (H.Z.); (Z.J.)
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Zhao F, Guo W, Li W, Mao H, Yan H, Deng J. A Study on Hot Stamping Formability of Continuous Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224935. [PMID: 36433066 PMCID: PMC9695641 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, hot stamping tests on continuous glass fiber (GF)-reinforced thermoplastic (PP) composites were conducted under different process parameters using a self-designed hemispherical hot stamping die with a heating system. The effects of parameters such as preheating temperature, stamping depth, and stamping speed on the formability of the fabricated parts were analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test results show that the suitable stamping depth should be less than 15 mm, the stamping speed should be less than 150 mm/min, and the preheating temperature should be about 200 °C. From the edge of the formed parts to their pole area, a thin-thick-thin characteristic in thickness was observed. Under the same preheating temperature, the influence of stamping depth on the thickness variation of the formed parts was more significant than the stamping speed. The primary defects of the formed parts were cracking, wrinkling, delamination, and fiber exposure. Resin poverty often occurred in the defect area of the formed parts and increased with stamping depth and stamping speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd., Liuzhou 545007, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Huajie Mao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongxu Yan
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhou Z, Han X, Gao W, Li Y, Yu W, Yang S, Zhang J, Wang J, Shi R, Zhou Y, Zhao J. Fabrication and mechanical properties of different types of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone: A comparative study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 135:105472. [PMID: 36162163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find alternative non-metallic materials as dental implants for clinical application, different types of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone were fabricated and investigated. METHODS Continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone fabrics were fabricated with polyetheretherketone fibers and carbon fibers. Different kinds of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone were synthesized by setting specific experiment parameters of injection or hot press molding. Various mechanical tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of different carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone, pure polyetheretherketone and pure titanium. RESULTS Polyetheretherketone composites presented outstanding mechanical and thermal properties after incorporating carbon fiber. The bending and tensile strength of short carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone were close to human bone, and the bending strength of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone reached 644 MPa, even higher than that of pure titanium. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone composites are more similar to bone tissue than titanium, and the stress shielding phenomenon may be inhibited. They may become promising materials as substitutions for titanium and prospective materials in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wanqi Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruining Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Jeong E, Kim Y, Hong S, Yoon K, Lee S. Innovative Injection Molding Process for the Fabrication of Woven Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1577. [PMID: 35458327 PMCID: PMC9031425 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites have been gaining significant attention as a lightweight alternative to metal in various industrial fields owing to their high stiffness and strength. Conventional manufacturing processes of woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites can be divided into two steps: first, the manufacturing of intermediate material, known as prepreg; then, the formation of the final products from the prepregs. This two-step process increases the manufacturing cost and time of the final composite products. This study demonstrated that woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites could be fabricated by an innovative injection molding process instead of the two-step process. A structure placing an extra mesh, which is a new and key component, on the mold-side of woven fabric was devised so that the thermoplastic matrix could be impregnated up to the surface of the woven fabric during injection molding. Tensile tests were performed in the direction parallel to the yarns of the fabric on the injection-molded composites to confirm their mechanical properties. As a result, it was possible to fabricate woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites with increased mechanical properties using injection molding without prepreg, and the composites could be molded with a much shorter cycle time than the conventional process, such as thermoforming or over-molding process.
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Wang H, Liu H, Ding Z, Li N. Experimental and constitutive modelling studies of semicrystalline thermoplastics under solid-state stamp forming conditions. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hu B, Xing Z, Wu W, Zhang X, Zhou H, Du C, Shan B. Enhancing the mechanical properties of SCF/PEEK composites in FDM via process-parameter optimization. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211003654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Short-carbon-fiber (SCF)–reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a promising polymer composite material with good biocompatibility, a high strength-to-weight ratio, and low friction properties. In artificial-bone fabrication and other applications with more flexible fabrication demands, fused-deposition modeling (FDM) technology enables the rapid and low-cost fabrication of SCF/PEEK parts with sophisticated structures. Owing to the high viscosity of melting PEEK composites, great challenges, associated with the poor internal interface, need to be overcome before enhanced mechanical properties can be obtained. In this study, key processing parameters and various SCF amounts were studied to investigate their effects on the mechanical properties of PEEK composites. It was revealed that the existence of voids and gaps between the SCF and PEEK led to a decrease in the strength of the composite systems. The FDM processing parameters were tuned to eliminate these defects in the PEEK composites. The tensile strength of the 2% SCF/PEEK sample reached 96.4 MPa, which is comparable to that of PEEK parts prepared by injection molding. Meanwhile, its elastic modulus reached 2.6 GPa, which is 169% higher than that of the bare PEEK sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * Co-first authors of the article
| | - Zehua Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * Co-first authors of the article
| | - Weidong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Wuyi Sting3D Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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