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Chopra A, Singh S, Kanoungo A, Singh G, Gupta NK, Sharma S, Joshi SK, Eldin SM. Multi‑objective optimization of nitrile rubber and thermosets modified bituminous mix using desirability approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281418. [PMID: 36809361 PMCID: PMC9942971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of materials, including waste and rubber products, have been used in road construction to improve the performance of bituminous pavements. The present investigation is focused on modifying bitumen using Nitrile rubber (NBR) with different thermosets namely Bakelite (B), Furan Resin (FR), and Epoxy resin (ER). The emphasis of the problem is to arrive at a mix to achieve maximum Marshall Stability (MS) and minimum flow value of Modified Bituminous Concrete. Taguchi DOE technique has been used to design the experiments using Minitab software. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multi-objective optimization has been performed using the desirability approach in Design expert software. ANOVA analysis predicts that NBR, B, ER, and FR are the major significant parameters for Marshall Stability (MS) and Flow Value (FV). It has also been analyzed from SEM and EDS images of modified bitumen that sample S1 (5% NBR, 10% Bakelite, 10% FR, 2.5% ER) has a fine surface with small pores as compared to sample S34 (10% NBR, 0% Bakelite 10% FR, 2.5% ER). Multi-optimization results suggested the optimal conditions are achieved at NBR-7.6%, Bakelite-4.8%, FR-2.5%, and ER-2.6% for MS and FV. The maximum MS is 14.84 KN and the minimum FV is 2.84 mm is obtained using optimum conditions. To validate the optimization results, the confirmation runs have been conducted, and obtained results are within 5% error with optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani Chopra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- * E-mail: (SME); (SS); , (SS)
| | - Abhishek Kanoungo
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chitkara School of Engineering & Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Gupta
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (SME); (SS); , (SS)
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Joshi
- Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail: (SME); (SS); , (SS)
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Rahman I, Singh P, Dev N, Arif M, Yusufi FNK, Azam A, Alam MM, Singh S, Chohan JS, Kumar R, Sharma L, Tag-Eldin E, Sharma S, Asyraf MRM. Improvements in the Engineering Properties of Cementitious Composites Using Nano-Sized Cement and Nano-Sized Additives. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15228066. [PMID: 36431551 PMCID: PMC9696350 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement-fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano-sized cements, nano-silica fumes, and nano-fly ash in different proportions was studied to the evaluate the engineering properties of the cement-fine-aggregate matrices concerning normal-sized, commercially available cement. The composites produced with modified cement-fine-aggregate matrices were subjected to microscopic-scale analyses using a petrographic microscope, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). These studies unravelled the placement and behaviour of additives in controlling the engineering properties of the mix. The test results indicated that nano-cement and nano-sized particles improved the engineering properties of the hardened cement matrix. The wet-ground nano-cement showed the best result, 40 MPa 28th-day compressive strength, without mixing any additive compared with ordinary and dry-ground cements. The mix containing 50:50 normal and wet-ground cement exhibited 37.20 MPa 28th-day compressive strength. All other mixes with nano-sized dry cement, silica fume, and fly ash with different permutations and combinations gave better results than the normal-cement-fine-aggregate mix. The petrographic studies and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses further validated the above findings. Statistical analyses and techniques such as correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted to compose a predictive equation to calculate the 28th-day compressive strength. In addition to these methods, a repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also implemented to analyse the statistically significant differences among three differently timed strength readings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibadur Rahman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Nirendra Dev
- Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad, Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Mohammed Arif
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Faiz Noor Khan Yusufi
- Department of Statistics & Operations Research, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ameer Azam
- Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - M. Masroor Alam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Lovneesh Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Elsayed Tag-Eldin
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.T.-E.); or (S.S.)
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
- Correspondence: (E.T.-E.); or (S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
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Jiang M, Qi S, Pu S, Wang P, Wang B, Du Z. Experimental Study on the Blast Resistance Performance of FRP Grid & Mortar Reinforced Concrete Arch Structure. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7149. [PMID: 36295216 PMCID: PMC9605279 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to verify the feasibility of using FRP grid and mortar reinforcement technology to enhance the blast resistance of concrete arch structures, this paper designed and fabricated FRP grid and mortar reinforced concrete arch structures and conducted blast resistance tests in the field. A detailed design of anti-explosion scheme was carried out before the experiment. The tests were conducted to observe the structural cracking, concrete collapse, and reinforcement peeling of FRP grid and mortar reinforced concrete arch under the explosion. In order to compare the anti-explosion performance with the protective arch structures in other literature, the explosion of 2 kg TNT with a blast distance of 600 mm was selected. After the explosion, it was found that the blast resistance of the FRP grid and mortar reinforced concrete arch was significantly higher than that of the unreinforced arch, and the concrete arch reinforced with FRP grid and mortar has a better damage patterns and improved blast resistance performance than that of the FRP and steel plate reinforced arch. According to the research results, the FRP grid and mortar composite reinforcement technology can be used to enhance the blast resistance of arch structures in protection projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Jiang
- School of Architecture Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211176, China
| | - Shihu Qi
- Nanjing Urban Construction Management Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Shikun Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Zhanzhan Du
- Nanjing Urban Construction Management Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210006, China
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