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Arghittu A, Castiglia P, Dettori M. Family Medicine and Primary Healthcare: The Past, Present and Future. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2128. [PMID: 37570369 PMCID: PMC10418407 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As defined by the World Health Organisation in the conference held in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, in 1978, "Primary health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination" [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Arghittu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.)
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Dettori
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.)
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Restorative, Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Dettori M, Castiglia P. COVID-19 and Digital Health: Evolution, Perspectives and Opportunities. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19148519. [PMID: 35886366 PMCID: PMC9320194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Health Communication is key to establishing an empathic relationship between health professionals and their patients. Indeed, the ability to motivate and reassure the patient often determines the success of the therapies proposed. In the past, the relationship between health professionals and patients was centred on treatment and assistance, and health information came in the form of education campaigns based on signage (large posters, etc.). Subsequently, social and cultural changes gave rise to new ways of communicating science: from signage to magazines and television programmes devoted to health issues, through the use of social networks. In particular, fast and cheap access to the Internet and the vast number of app users have made the Web an effective communication tool. Given the potential of technology in the information-seeking process, the use of online channels by health institutions is a valuable tool for divulging medical and scientific knowledge. As a consequence, prompted by the need to provide fast and reliable information to the population, public institutions have adopted such innovative methods as the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to convey health-related content. This practice, known as digital health or e-health, provides healthcare information using digital tools (e.g., Websites and social networks), delivered in an easy-to-understand language in order to reach various population groups and bring about better health conditions for all, hence the importance of acquiring and reinforcing communication skills in the healthcare field, where correct and effective communication immediately translates into a benefit for the professionals themselves and for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dettori
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Trerotoli P, Tafuri S. Sex and age as determinants of the seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG among European healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2022; 40:3127-3141. [PMID: 35491343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The international literature shows good evidence of a significant rate of measles susceptibility among healthcare workers (HCWs). As such, they are an important public health issue. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of susceptible HCWs in EU/EEA countries and in the UK and to explore the characteristics (sex and age differences) and management of those found to be susceptible. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of measles-susceptible HCWs was 13.3% (95 %CI: 10.0-17.0%). In a comparison of serosusceptible female vs. male HCWs, the RR was 0.92 (95 %CI = 0.83-1.03), and in a comparison of age classes (born after vs. before 1980) the RR was 2.78 (95 %CI = 2.20-3.50). The most recent studies proposed the mandatory vaccination of HCWs. DISCUSSION According to our meta-analysis, the prevalence of serosusceptible European HCWs is 13%; HCWs born in the post-vaccination era seem to be at higher risk. Healthcare professionals susceptible to measles are a serious epidemiological concern. Greater efforts should therefore be made to identify those who have yet to be vaccinated and actively encourage their vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy.
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Dettori M, Arghittu A, Castiglia P. Knowledge and Behaviours towards Immunisation Programmes: Vaccine Hesitancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:4359. [PMID: 35410045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessing knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards vaccination is a key strategy when implementing national and international immunisation programmes aimed at improving compliance among the population and thereby increasing vaccination coverage. While vaccination's role as a powerful life-saving weapon in the fight against infectious diseases has been further highlighted following the introduction of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, there is still a discrepancy between the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of vaccines and the perception of the risk attributed to them. Known as "Vaccine Hesitancy" (VH), this phenomenon is the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines, despite the availability of services. VH can be found in at least 15% of the worldwide population, and even professional groups tasked with promoting vaccination as a primary prevention measure, e.g., healthcare workers (HCWs), sometimes have doubts regarding vaccination. Since 2014, this Public Health problem has been increasing in 90% of countries worldwide, to the extent that in 2019 it was listed as one of the ten greatest threats to global health by the World Health Organization (WHO). VH has also affected COVID-19 vaccination, hampering the achievement of desired vaccination coverage. Monitoring this trend by studying people's behaviour and attitudes could be a useful tool to aid Public Health, in orienting vaccination policies and designing new health education and continuous training interventions, aimed at both the general public and accountable cohorts, such as HCWs.
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Castiglia P, Arghittu A. New Insight in Vaccination and Public Health: A Commentary from Special Issue Editors. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020183. [PMID: 35214641 PMCID: PMC8875389 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonella Arghittu
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (A.A.)
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Wang J, Lu X, Lai X, Lyu Y, Zhang H, Fenghuang Y, Jing R, Li L, Yu W, Fang H. The Changing Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Different Epidemic Phases in China: A Longitudinal Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:191. [PMID: 33668923 PMCID: PMC7996493 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been conditionally used in a few countries, including China since December 2020. The present study aimed to examine whether the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination changed in different COVID-19 epidemic phases in China. Two consecutive surveys were conducted among Chinese adults in March (n = 2058) (severe epidemic phase) and November-December (n = 2013) (well-contained phase, right before the COVID-19 vaccine was conditionally approved) 2020, and 791 respondents were longitudinally followed-up. The attitude, acceptance, and preferences for future COVID-19 vaccination were compared between two epidemic phases. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors of acceptance. Among the 791 respondents longitudinally followed, 91.9% in March and 88.6% of them in November-December 2020 would like to get COVID-19 vaccination in China. In March 58.3% wished to get vaccinated immediately, but the proportion declined to 23.0% in November-December 2020, because more respondents wanted to delay vaccination until the vaccine's safety was confirmed. Similar results were found by comparing all respondents from the two cross-sectional surveys in different epidemic phases. The risk perception, attitude for the importance of vaccination against COVID-19, vaccination history, valuing doctor's recommendations, vaccination convenience, or vaccine price in decision-making had impacts on respondents' intention for immediate vaccination. The public acceptance for COVID-19 vaccination in China sustained at a high level in different COVID-19 epidemic phases. However, the intention of immediate vaccination declined substantially due to concerns about the vaccine's safety. Information about vaccination safety from authoritative sources, doctor's recommendations, and vaccination convenience were important in addressing vaccine hesitancy and promoting successful herd immunity for the general population in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (R.J.)
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinran Lu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (R.J.)
| | - Xiaozhen Lai
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (R.J.)
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Lyu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (R.J.)
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (R.J.)
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yufei Fenghuang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (R.J.)
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rize Jing
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (R.J.)
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Li
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenzhou Yu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Peking University Health Science Center—Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Center for Vaccine Economics, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100083, China
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