Analysis and Sequence Alignment of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus ChinaSX2020

Seroprevalence of peste des petits ruminants disease in Indonesian buffaloes may be an emerging threat to small ruminants

Background and Aim

The peste des petit ruminants (PPR) is a disaster-class virus that causes catastrophic drawbacks to small ruminant industries in affected countries. As PPR disease has been reported in neighboring countries, Indonesia, which has a large population of sheep and goats, has become prone to the emerging threat of infection. Because the virus can also infect other animals with subclinical manifestations, large ruminants, such as buffaloes, may play an important role in spreading the virus in the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify PPR seroprevalence in the buffalo population of Indonesia.

Materials and Methods

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to identify the specific antibody for PPR viruses in the buffalo population using serum bank collection from the National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

Results

PPR virus seroprevalence was detected in buffalo from Central Java, East Java, and East Nusa Tenggara Province in Indonesia. Although seroprevalence was low in the population, the antibody titer was relatively high in the positive samples. Sex and age were identified as determinant factors in the seroprevalence distribution of the buffalo population.

Conclusion

The presence of antibodies against the PPR virus in buffaloes may indicate that PPR virus is circulating in the buffalo population of Indonesia.

Peste des Petits Ruminants in Central and Eastern Asia/West Eurasia: Epidemiological Situation and Status of Control and Eradication Activities after the First Phase of the PPR Global Eradication Programme (2017–2021)

Simple Summary

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild small ruminants. The disease is endemic to large parts of Africa, the Middle East and Asia and causes severe socioeconomic losses, especially in developing countries reliant on small ruminant value chains. Currently, PPR is the only animal disease targeted by the Global Eradication Programme (PPR GEP), which aims to eradicate the disease by 2030. Following the end of the first five-year phase of the PPR GEP, the goal of this review is to provide an update on the status of the eradication progress in one of the nine regions targeted for coordinated action in the PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy, denominated Central Asia/West Eurasia. In addition to the original nine countries, regional meetings and activities have involved four additional countries based on shared epidemiological features, which are also reviewed here. The considered area spans from Eastern Europe to East Asia and features remarkable variability in terms of both PPR presence and enacted control efforts. The achievements and constraints encountered at regional and national levels are discussed, thus providing useful data for tailoring the next steps of the eradication programme to the peculiarities of the region.

Abstract

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious infectious disease of small ruminants caused by peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). PPR poses a significant threat to sheep and goat systems in over 65 endemic countries across Africa, the Middle East and Asia. It is also responsible for devastating outbreaks in susceptible wildlife, threatening biodiversity. For these reasons, PPR is the target of the Global Eradication Programme (PPR GEP), launched in 2016, which is aimed at eradicating the disease by 2030. The end of the first five-year phase of the PPR GEP (2017–2021) provides an ideal opportunity to assess the status of the stepwise control and eradication process. This review analyses 13 countries belonging to Eastern Europe, Transcaucasia, and Central and East Asia. Substantial heterogeneity is apparent in terms of PPR presence and control strategies implemented by different countries. Within this region, one country is officially recognised as PPR-free, seven countries have never reported PPR, and two have had no outbreaks in the last five years. Therefore, there is real potential for countries in this region to move forward in a coordinated manner to secure official PPR freedom status and thus reap the trade and socioeconomic benefits of PPR eradication.