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Islam MM, Farag E, Hassan MM, Enan KA, Mohammadi A, Aldiqs AK, Alhussain H, Al Musalmani E, Al-Zeyara AA, Al-Romaihi H, Yassine HM, Sultan AA, Bansal D, Mkhize-Kwitshana Z. Rodent-borne parasites in Qatar: A possible risk at the human-animal-ecosystem interface. One Health 2024; 18:100708. [PMID: 38496338 PMCID: PMC10944255 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rodents are known reservoirs for a diverse group of zoonotic pathogens that can pose a threat to human health. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate these pathogens to institute prevention and control measures. To achieve this, the current study was conducted to investigate the frequency of different parasites in commensal rodents in Qatar. A total of 148 rodents, including Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus, and Mus musculus were captured using traps placed in different habitats such as agricultural and livestock farms, residential areas, and other localities. Blood, feces, ectoparasite, and visceral organs were collected for gross, microscopic, immunological, and molecular analysis. The study identified 10 different parasites, including Capillaria annulosa, Eimeria spp., Giardia spp., Hymenolepis diminuta, Mastophorus muris, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Taenia taeniaeformis, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma lewisi, and Xenopsylla astia. Overall, 62.2% of the rodents tested positive for at least one parasite species. Helminths were found to be the most prevalent parasites (46.0%), followed by ectoparasites (31.8%), and protozoa (10.1%). However, individually, X. astia was the most prevalent (31.8%), whereas C. annulosa was the least common (0.7%). The prevalence of X. astia and H. diminuta significantly differed between habitats (p < 0.05). The sequence analysis of Hymenolepis spp. was closely related to the previously reported H. diminuta in Iran, China, and Mexico. In conclusion, the study identified a diverse range of rodent-borne parasites that are important to public health, with most of them being recorded for the first time among commensal rodents in Qatar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mazharul Islam
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Elmoubashar Farag
- Department of Health Protection & Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chottogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Khalid A. Enan
- Preventive Reference Laboratory, Department of Health Protection & Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infection Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan 6556153145, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Hamad Al-Romaihi
- Department of Health Protection & Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ali A. Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Imunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Devendra Bansal
- Department of Health Protection & Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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Chen S, Saqib M, Khan HS, Bai Y, Ashfaq UA, Mansoor MK, Moming A, Liu J, Zhou M, Niazi SK, Wu Q, Sial AUR, Tang S, Sarfraz MH, Javed A, Hayat S, Khurshid M, Khan I, Athar MA, Taj Z, Zhang B, Deng F, Zohaib A, Shen S. Risk of infection with arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan based on seroprevalence. Virol Sin 2024:S1995-820X(24)00037-3. [PMID: 38599520 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses are a public health concern in Pakistan. However, the studies on data prevalence and threats posed by arboviruses are limited. This study investigated the seroprevalence of arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Tamdy virus (TAMV), and Karshi virus (KSIV) based on a newly established luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assays, and Zika virus (ZIKV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Neutralizing activities against these arboviruses were further examined from the antibody positive samples. The results showed that the seroprevalence of SFTSV, CCHFV, TAMV, KSIV, and ZIKV was 17.37%, 7.58%, 4.41%, 1.10%, and 6.48%, respectively, and neutralizing to SFTSV (1.79%), CCHFV (2.62%), and ZIKV (0.69%) were identified, as well as to the SFTSV-related Guertu virus (GTV, 0.83%). Risk factors associated with the incidence of exposure and levels of antibody response were analyzed. Moreover, co-exposure to different arboviruses was demonstrated, as thirty-seven individuals were having antibodies against multiple viruses and thirteen showed neutralizing activity. Males, individuals aged ≤40 years, and outdoor workers had high risk of exposure to arboviruses. All these results reveal the substantial risks of infection with arboviruses in Pakistan, and indicate the threat from co-exposure to multiple arboviruses. The findings raise the need for further epidemiologic investigation in expanded regions and populations and the necessity to improve health surveillance in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Yuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abulimti Moming
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Qiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Awais-Ur-Rahman Sial
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Shuang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Hayat
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-campus, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Athar
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Medical Center DHA Phase 1, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Taj
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Ali Zohaib
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China.
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Shi R, Lu B, Zhong Y. Driving factors of urban community epidemic prevention and control capability: QCA analysis based on typical cases of 20 anti-epidemic communities in China. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1296269. [PMID: 38249420 PMCID: PMC10796796 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1296269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak, urban communities have emerged as the frontline defenders in epidemic prevention and control, providing the most effective means of curbing the spread of virus both inward and outward. This study attempts to explain the underlying factors and mechanisms that shape the community epidemic prevention and control capacity (CEPCC). Methods We adopted a resilience-based perspective and drew on a sample of 20 exemplary anti-epidemic communities in China. By constructing an analytical framework and employing the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method (fsQCA), we explored how four conditional variables-infrastructure completeness, community self-organizing ability, redundancy of community resources, and stability of regional economic development-and their various configurations impact the CEPCC. Results Our findings reveal that the four conditional variables, when considered in isolation, cannot effectively enhance the CEPCC. Instead, four configuration pathways with mixed conditional variables exist. Notably, community self-organizing ability emerges as a vital condition for effectively strengthening the CEPCC. Discussion This study identifies four pathways to improve the CEPCC and confirms the validity of the data results through case studies. Conclusions of this research contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the factors influencing the CEPCC, which can help communities to better plan and prepare for future epidemics and ensure better response and adaptation to the impacts of future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Shi
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Lu
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhong
- China North Industries Corporation, Beijing, China
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Maleki A, Mostafavi E, Fazlalipour M, Salehi‐Vaziri M. Role of Laboratory in Emerging Infectious Disease Control in Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, and national laboratory network. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13232. [PMID: 38090228 PMCID: PMC10710958 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Strengthening surveillance systems is a key aspect of outbreak response and was particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respiratory pathogens spread rapidly, and laboratory capacity is key to monitoring the spread. Prior to the pandemic, Iran had established a rapid response team and laboratory network to provide identification, monitoring, and detection of emerging infectious diseases, but did not have the laboratory capacity to respond to COVID-19. Following the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid response team diverted all attention to supporting COVID-19 surveillance. Iran built on the existing national laboratory infrastructure to incorporate SARS-CoV-2 surveillance into the response network. Based on existing international protocols, in-house molecular diagnosis capacity was operationalized, and commercial controls and assays were acquired and validated to national standards. The first COVID-19 laboratory was operational by January 25, less than 4 weeks before the initial detection of SARS-CoV-2 was announced. Assays and support were expanded and rolled out to form the COVID-19 National Laboratory Network, which consists of 560 multi-sectoral laboratories covering all provinces of Iran. The national laboratory network supports a wide range of operational capacities, including assay validation and protocol development, quality assurance, respiratory pathogen diagnosis and surveillance, and variant identification and assessment using multiple sequencing platforms. This network has supported the testing of over 55 million samples over the past 36 months using RT-qPCR and has sequenced approximately 2200 samples across the country, contributing the data to international databases, including GISAID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maleki
- COVID‐19 National Reference LaboratoryPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Department of Influenza and other Respiratory VirusesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Rapid Response Team for Infectious DiseasesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Rapid Response Team for Infectious DiseasesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious DiseasesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Fazlalipour
- Rapid Response Team for Infectious DiseasesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on RabiesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Salehi‐Vaziri
- COVID‐19 National Reference LaboratoryPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Rapid Response Team for Infectious DiseasesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory)Pasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
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5
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Sharifi I, Khosravi A, Aflatoonian MR, Salarkia E, Bamorovat M, Karamoozian A, Moghadam MN, Sharifi F, Afshar AA, Afshari SAK, Gharachorloo F, Shirzadi MR, Amiri B, Zainali M, Doosti S, Zamani O, Gouya MM. Cutaneous leishmaniasis situation analysis in the Islamic Republic of Iran in preparation for an elimination plan. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1091709. [PMID: 37188278 PMCID: PMC10176454 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iran has invariably been under the growing public health threat of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a significant barrier to local development that hinders the prevention and control efforts toward eliminating the disease. So far, no comprehensive and in-depth epidemiological analysis of the CL situation has been carried out nationwide. This study aimed to employ advanced statistical models to analyze the data collected through the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Communicable Diseases during 1989-2020. However, we emphasized the current trends, 2013-2020, to study temporal and spatial CL patterns. In the country, the epidemiology of CL is incredibly intricate due to various factors. This fact indicates that the basic infrastructure, the preceding supports, and the implementation plan related to preventive and therapeutic measures need crucial support. The leishmaniasis situation analysis is consistent with desperate requirements for efficient information on the control program in the area. This review provides evidence of temporally regressive and spatially expanding incidence of CL with characteristic geographical patterns and disease hotspots, signifying an urgent need for comprehensive control strategies. This information could be a suitable model and practical experience in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, where over 80% of CL is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khosravi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Salarkia
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bamorovat
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Karamoozian
- Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Nekoei Moghadam
- Research Center for Health Services Management, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Aghaei Afshar
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Faranak Gharachorloo
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shirzadi
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Amiri
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zainali
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Doosti
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Zamani
- Universal Health Coverage for Communicable Diseases (UHC: CD), World Health Organization, Country Office, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Gouya
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET). Toward Public Health Resilience in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Findings From the Seventh Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network Regional Conference. Interact J Med Res 2023; 12:e36356. [PMID: 36892927 DOI: 10.2196/36356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The resilience of public health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) varies from country to country, mostly based on the governmental and financial situation of the countries. With the theme of Towards Public Health Resilience in the EMR: Breaking Barriers, the seventh Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network regional conference, held from November 14 to 18, 2021, was dedicated to exploring ways for achieving public health resilience. A total of 101 oral presentations and 13 poster presentations were presented on various public health topics. The conference included 6 keynote sessions, 10 roundtable sessions, and 5 preconference workshops. The preconference workshops were conducted on border health; the mobilization of Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) residents and graduates and rapid responders in EMR countries; continuous professional development for the public health workforce; brucellosis surveillance using the "One Health" approach; and strategies to integrate and use noncommunicable diseases data sources. The roundtable sessions included discussions on the following topics: the role of FETPs in responding to COVID-19, institutionalization of rapid response to public health emergencies, health systems resilience, integration of early warning and response with event-based and indicator-based surveillance, sustaining international health regulations, strengthening the "One Health" approach, the anticipated future of public health in the post COVID-19 era, supporting public health research capacity in a diverse region, and COVID-19 vaccines and routine immunization synergies and drawbacks. The keynote speaker sessions covered topics on essential public health functions and the universal health coverage challenge in the EMR, lessons from the US COVID-19 public health response, learning from COVID-19, reshaping public health after the pandemic era, COVID-19 resilient primary health care, and the cohesion of society during and after a pandemic. The conference sessions provided highly promising opportunities to explore ways to achieve such goals in the EMR and shed light on the latest scientific findings, important lessons learned, and discussions on the ways in which current barriers can be broken down through coordination and collaboration.
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Bansal D, Jaffrey S, Al-Emadi NA, Hassan M, Islam MM, Al-Baker WAA, Radwan E, Hamdani D, Haroun MI, Enan K, Nour M, Coyle PV, Al Marri A, Al-Zeyara AA, Younus NM, Yassine HM, Al Thani AA, Darkhshan F, Khalid M, Marhous H, Tibbo M, Alhosani M, Taha T, Wannous C, Al Hajri M, Bertollini R, Al-Maslamani MA, Al Khal A, Al Romaihi HE, Al Thani SMBHBJ, El Idrissi A, Farag EA. A new One Health Framework in Qatar for future emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases preparedness and response. One Health 2023; 16:100487. [PMID: 36683958 PMCID: PMC9851870 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One Health is increasingly recognized as an optimal approach to address the global risk of health threats originating at the human, animal, and ecosystem interface, and their impact. Qatar has successfully practiced One Health approach for investigation and surveillance of zoonotic diseases such as MERS-CoV, and other health threats. However, the current gaps at institution and policy level hinder the sustainment of One Health. In this paper, we have assessed the potential for implementation of One Health Framework to reinforce and sustain One Health capacities in Qatar for 2022-2027. To implement One Health Framework in the country, Qatar Joint External Evaluation (JEE) report, lessons learnt during One Health experiences on zoonotic, vector-borne, and food borne diseases were used to present an outline for multisectoral coordination. In addition, technical capacities of One Health and factors that are required to operationalize it in the country were also assessed in series of meetings and workshops held at Ministry of Public Health on March 2022. Present health care infrastructure and resources were found to be conducive for effective management and response to shared health threats as evident during MERS-CoV, despite being more event based. Regardless, the need for more sustainable capacity development was unanimously emphasized. The consensus between all relevant stakeholders and partners was that there is a need for better communication channels, policies and protocols for data sharing, and the need to invest more resources for better sustainability. The proposed framework is expected to strengthen and facilitate multilateral coordination, enhanced laboratory capacity and network, improve active surveillance and response, risk communication, community engagement, maximize applied research, and build One Health technical work force. This would enable advancement and sustainment of One Health activities to prevent and control health threats shared between humans-animals-ecosystem interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Bansal
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shariq Jaffrey
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mahmoud Hassan
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Eman Radwan
- Health Care Quality Management and Patient Safety, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dhouha Hamdani
- Health Care Quality Management and Patient Safety, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Khalid Enan
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Nour
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Abdulla Al Marri
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nidal M. Younus
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Fatima Darkhshan
- Biomedical Sciences and Health, Qatar National Research Fund, Doha, Qatar
| | - Minahil Khalid
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heba Marhous
- Eastern Mediterranean Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Markos Tibbo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Subregional Office for the Gulf Cooperation Council States and Yemen, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Alhosani
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Subregional Office for the Gulf Cooperation Council States and Yemen, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tariq Taha
- One Health, World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Regional Office for Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chadia Wannous
- One Health, World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Regional Office for Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mohamed Al Hajri
- Health Emergency Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roberto Bertollini
- Minister of Public Health Office, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elmoubashar Abd Farag
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar,Corresponding author at: PO Box: 42, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Jurebi RM, Almutiri MK, Alghamdi B, Alghamdi AS, Alhajry HH, Al-Helali SM, Alzaidi AH, Alzahrani YS, Al-Mutairy MH, Jurebi A, Alshareef A, Almarzooq A, Alsaedi MQ. Compliance of Primary Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia With the National Surveillance System of Tropical and Non-tropical Dermatological Diseases. Cureus 2023; 15:e34306. [PMID: 36865961 PMCID: PMC9973668 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control and prevention of infectious diseases has been a primary health mandate. The reporting system is a vital step in preventing and controlling of these diseases. Most important, healthcare workers who have a responsibility to report must be aware of this responsibility. The present study aimed to improve the compliance of primary healthcare workers against reportable tropical and non-tropical dermatological diseases. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objective was to assess the knowledge, skills, and practice of primary healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia regarding the surveillance system of reportable tropical and non-tropical dermatological diseases using an assessment tool featuring closed-ended questions. As a secondary objective, this study assessed the satisfaction of primary healthcare workers with the surveillance system. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Through a cross-sectional design, the study used an electronic self-administered questionnaire targeting the primary healthcare workers who met the inclusion criteria through a non-probability sampling technique. RESULTS By the end of the study period, data had been collected from 377 primary healthcare workers. Slightly more than half of them worked for the ministry of health facilities. In the last year, the vast majority (88%) of participants did not report any infectious diseases. Poor or low knowledge was reported by almost half of the participants concerning which dermatological diseases should be notified immediately on clinical suspicion or routinely on a weekly basis. Clinically and in response to the skills assessment, 57% of the participants had lower skills scores in detecting and identifying the skin ulcer of leishmania. Half of the participants were less satisfied with the feedback after their notification and considered the notification forms complicated and time-consuming, especially with the usual high workload in primary healthcare centers. Furthermore, the observed significant differences (p < 0.001) in knowledge and skill scores were demonstrated with female healthcare workers, older participants, employees from the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, and workers with more than ten years of experience. CONCLUSION The present study has shown the limitations of public health surveillance due to underreporting and lack of timeliness. The dissatisfaction of study participants with feedback after the notification step is another finding that demonstrates the need for collaboration among public health authorities and healthcare workers. Fortunately, health departments can implement measures to improve practitioners' awareness through continuous medical education and providing frequent feedback to overcome these hurdles.
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Nagi MA, Rezq MAA, Sangroongruangsri S, Thavorncharoensap M, Dewi PEN. Does health economics research align with the disease burden in the Middle East and North Africa region? A systematic review of economic evaluation studies on public health interventions. Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7. [PMID: 35879742 PMCID: PMC9309606 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Economic evaluation studies demonstrate the value of money in health interventions and enhance the efficiency of the healthcare system. Therefore, this study reviews published economic evaluation studies of public health interventions from 26 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries and examines whether they addressed the region's major health problems.
Methods PubMed and Scopus were utilized to search for relevant articles published up to June 26, 2021. The reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of studies using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist.
Results The search identified 61 studies. Approximately half (28 studies; 46%) were conducted in Israel and Iran. The main areas of interest for economic evaluation studies were infectious diseases (21 studies; 34%), cancers (13 studies; 21%), and genetic disorders (nine studies; 15%). Five (8%), 39 (64%), 16 (26%), and one (2%) studies were classified as excellent, high, average, and poor quality, respectively. The mean of CHEERS checklist items reported was 80.8% (SD 14%). Reporting the structure and justification of the selected model was missed in 21 studies (37%), while price and conversion rates and the analytical methods were missed in 21 studies (34%). Conclusions The quantity of economic evaluation studies on public health interventions in the MENA region remains low; however, the overall quality is high to excellent. There were obvious geographic gaps across countries regarding the number and quality of studies and gaps within countries concerning disease prioritization. The observed research output, however, did not reflect current and upcoming disease burden and risk factors trends in the MENA region.
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Al Ariqi L, Buliva E, Chughtai AA, Barakat A, Kodama C, Khan W, Tayyab M, El Nossery S, Aman A, El-Maghraby T, Elkholy A, Abubakar A. How far are we? National preparedness and response capacities for emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-009826. [PMID: 35850952 PMCID: PMC9296996 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Al Ariqi
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Evans Buliva
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abrar Ahmad Chughtai
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales-Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amal Barakat
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chiori Kodama
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wasiq Khan
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherein El Nossery
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amir Aman
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer El-Maghraby
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amgad Elkholy
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdinasir Abubakar
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
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Costa-da-silva AC, Nascimento DDO, Ferreira JRM, Guimarães-pinto K, Freire-de-lima L, Morrot A, Decote-ricardo D, Filardy AA, Freire-de-lima CG. Immune Responses in Leishmaniases: An Overview. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:54. [PMID: 35448829 PMCID: PMC9029249 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic, widespread, and neglected disease that affects more than 90 countries in the world. More than 20 Leishmania species cause different forms of leishmaniasis that range in severity from cutaneous lesions to systemic infection. The diversity of leishmaniasis forms is due to the species of parasite, vector, environmental and social factors, genetic background, nutritional status, as well as immunocompetence of the host. Here, we discuss the role of the immune system, its molecules, and responses in the establishment, development, and outcome of Leishmaniasis, focusing on innate immune cells and Leishmania major interactions.
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Islam MM, Farag E, Hassan MM, Enan KA, Mohammad Sabeel KV, Alhaddad MM, Smatti MK, Al-Marri AM, Al-Zeyara AA, Al-Romaihi H, Yassine HM, Sultan AA, Bansal D, Mkhize-Kwitshana Z. Diversity of bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance profile among commensal rodents in Qatar. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:487-498. [PMID: 35083655 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rodents are sources of many zoonotic pathogens that are of public health concern. This study investigated bacterial pathogens and assessed their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns in commensal rodents in Qatar. A total of 148 rodents were captured between August 2019 and February 2020, and blood, ectoparasites, and visceral samples were collected. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the intestines, and blood plasma samples were used to detect antibodies against Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus, and Coxiella burnetii. PCR assays were performed to detect C. burnetii, Leptospira spp., Rickettsia spp., and Yersinia pestis in rodent tissues and ectoparasite samples. Antimicrobial resistance by the isolated intestinal bacteria was performed using an automated VITEK analyzer. A total of 13 bacterial species were isolated from the intestine samples, namely Acinetobacter baumannii, Aeromonas salmonicida, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica. The majority of them were E. coli (54.63%), followed by P. mirabilis (17.59%) and K. pneumoniae (8.33%). Most of the pathogens were isolated from rodents obtained from livestock farms (50.46%), followed by agricultural farms (26.61%) and other sources (22.94%). No antibodies (0/148) were detected against Brucella spp., C. abortus, or C. burnetii. In addition, 31.58% (6/19) of the flea pools and one (1/1) mite pool was positive for Rickettsia spp., and no sample was positive for C. burnetii, Leptospira spp., and Y. pestis by PCR. A total of 43 (38%) bacterial isolates were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR), whereas A. salmonicida (n = 1) did not show resistance to any tested antimicrobials. Over 50% of bacterial MDR isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefalotin, doxycycline, nitrofurantoin, and tetracycline. The presence of MDR pathogens was not correlated with rodent species or the location of rodent trapping. Seven (11.86%) E. coli and 2 (22.2%) K. pneumoniae were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producers. These findings suggest that rodents can be a source of opportunistic bacteria for human and animal transmission in Qatar. Further studies are needed for the molecular characterization of the identified bacteria in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mazharul Islam
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar. .,School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | | | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chottogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Khalid A Enan
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Virology, Central Laboratory, The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, 7099, Khartum, Sudan
| | - K V Mohammad Sabeel
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Maria K Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Abdul Azia Al-Zeyara
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali A Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,Division of Research Capacity Development, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
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Hamalaw SA, Bayati AH, Babakir-Mina M. An Assessment of Timeliness and Quality of Communicable Disease Surveillance System in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. INQUIRY 2021; 58:469580211056045. [PMID: 34794356 PMCID: PMC8607484 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211056045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The quality of the surveillance system can be defined by attributes such as
completeness, timeliness, usefulness, simplicity, flexibility,
acceptability, and reliability. This study aims to assess these quality
features of the communicable disease surveillance system (CDSS) in the
Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Methods This study was conducted using a retrospective review of records and
documents, and the interviews with the surveillance staff (n = 82) of the
Kurdistan governorates during 2018, 2019, and 2020. The World Health
Organization (WHO) guideline 2006 indicators were used for evaluation and
monitoring the quality of the communicable disease surveillance system. The
data analyzed and showed as frequencies and percentages using Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 software. Results The reporting timeliness declined from 98% in 2019 to 69% in 2020. At the
same time, there was an improvement in completeness of reporting from 83% in
2018 to 99% in 2020. The total scores of other surveillance quality
attributes, simplicity, usefulness, flexibility, acceptability, and
reliability, were 75%, 72%, 67%, 72%, and 69%, respectively. Conclusion Current findings demonstrate that the CDSS is still facing significant
challenges in timeliness simplicity, usefulness, flexibility, acceptability,
and reliability. Further studies to assess the system’s quality,
particularly the system’s timeliness of outbreak response, sensitivity, and
specificity, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soran Amin Hamalaw
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
| | - Ali Hattem Bayati
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
| | - Muhammed Babakir-Mina
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaiman, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
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