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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death around the world due to advanced clinical stage at diagnosis, high incidence of recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment. It is in urgent need to create appropriate animal models to explore the mechanism, patterns, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies of HCC metastasis and recurrence. However, most of the established models lack the phenotype of invasion and metastasis in patient, or have unstable phenotype. To establish HCC models with stable metastasis phenotype requires profound understanding in cancer metastasis biology and scientific methodology. Over the past 3 decades, HCC models with stable metastasis have been extensively studied. This paper reviewed the history and development of HCC animal models and cell models, focusing on the screening and maintaining of metastatic potential and phenotype. In-depth studies using these models vastly promote the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms and development of therapeutic strategies on HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Lin
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
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Murai T, Mori S, Kang JS, Morimura K, Wanibuchi H, Totsuka Y, Fukushima S. Evidence of a threshold-effect for 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline liver carcinogenicity in F344/DuCrj rats. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:472-7. [PMID: 18413788 DOI: 10.1177/0192623308315671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To estimate potential human risk of exposure to a food-derived, genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), a 2-year carcinogenicity test was conducted using male F344 rats administered MeIQx-containing diet at doses of 0 (control), 0.001, 1, and 100 ppm. The lowest dose 0.001 ppm was established as equivalent to the daily intake of this carcinogen in humans (0.2 to 2.6 microg/man/day). Significant decreases of survival rate and body weight gain were observed in rats treated with 100 ppm MeIQx. Histopathological examination revealed significant induction of hepatocellular carcinomas, adenomas, and development of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci with MeIQx at 100 ppm. Moreover, the incidences of Zymbal's glands carcinoma, mammary fibroadenoma, and subcutaneous fibroma were found significantly increased in a 100 ppm MeIQx group. However, no significant induction of altered preneoplastic hepatocellular foci was observed in 0.001 and 1 ppm groups as compared to the controls. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in the rat liver DNA of the 100 ppm-treated group were not elevated, but MeIQx-DNA adduct formation increased as compared with the 1 ppm case, albeit without significance. No significant induction of any other neoplastic lesions related to the carcinogen administration was found in MeIQx-administered groups except for 100 ppm. These results imply that 1 ppm may be a no-effect level for MeIQx carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takshi Murai
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd. 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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Mori S, Murai T, Wanibuchi H, Hagiwara A, Puatanachokchai R, Fukushima S. Susceptibility of Four F1 Hybrids of Male Rats to the Promoting Effects of Sodium L-ascorbate in Two-Stage Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis. J Toxicol Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.19.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Mori
- Department Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School
| | - Takashi Murai
- Department Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School
- Aburahi Laboratories, Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi Co., Ltd
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Oh JY, Jeong JS, Kim YJ, Nam KJ, Park BH, Kwon EY, Kim YH, Hwang TH. Ultrasonographic evidence of phenotypic instability during hepatocarcinogenesis in N-nitrosomorpholine-treated rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2002; 73:67-73. [PMID: 12127056 DOI: 10.1006/exmp.2002.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogen-induced hepatoma in immunocompetent animal models has shown a progress similar to the clinical course of human hepatoma. Ultrasonography (US) was used for consecutive evaluation of the phenotypic changes in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed for 8 weeks to N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM, 200 mg/L). Three distinctive US findings were ascites, coarseness (defined as small and heterogeneously widespread increased echogenecity), and nodularity (defined as a >0.6-cm-sized echogenic region and clearly showing a tumor-like mass). Abdominal ascites was observed in 5 of 26 rats at week 8 NNM posttreatment and the number of rats showing ascites gradually increased. Coarseness (22 of 26 rats) and nodularity (1 of 18) appeared at weeks 8 and 17 NNM posttreatment, respectively. The gross and histological findings indicated that coarseness and nodularity shown in US reflected fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiofibroma, respectively. The computer-aided quantification of coarseness and nodularity showed that the regression-linked phenotypic instability was present in coarseness but not in nodularity. We conclude that the heterogeneity of preneoplasia in NNM-treated rats might be induced by phenotypic instability rather than random initiating events of preneoplastic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Young Oh
- Institute of Medical Science, Department of Radiology, Medical College of Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, South Korea
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Murai T, Mori S, Hosono M, Iwakura Y, Oohara T, Makino S, Takeda R, Koide A, Mori Y, Wanibuchi H, Fukushima S. Differences Among Three Sister Strains of NON/Shi Mice in Sensitivity to Urinary Tract Carcinogenesis by N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. J Toxicol Pathol 2000. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.13.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murai
- First Department of Pathology Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585
- Aburahi Laboratories, Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi Co., Ltd., 1405 Koka-cho, Koka-gun, Shiga 520-3423
| | - Satoru Mori
- First Department of Pathology Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585
| | - Motoko Hosono
- Aburahi Laboratories, Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi Co., Ltd., 1405 Koka-cho, Koka-gun, Shiga 520-3423
| | - Yoshiko Iwakura
- Aburahi Laboratories, Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi Co., Ltd., 1405 Koka-cho, Koka-gun, Shiga 520-3423
| | - Tadao Oohara
- Aburahi Laboratories, Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi Co., Ltd., 1405 Koka-cho, Koka-gun, Shiga 520-3423
| | - Susumu Makino
- Aburahi Laboratories, Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi Co., Ltd., 1405 Koka-cho, Koka-gun, Shiga 520-3423
| | - Reiji Takeda
- Aburahi Laboratories, Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi Co., Ltd., 1405 Koka-cho, Koka-gun, Shiga 520-3423
| | - Akihiro Koide
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 6-1 Mitahora-higashi, 5-chome, Gifu 502-8585
| | - Yukio Mori
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 6-1 Mitahora-higashi, 5-chome, Gifu 502-8585
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- First Department of Pathology Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- First Department of Pathology Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585
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