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Abstract
The ocular surface is a gateway that contacts the outside and receives stimulation from the outside. The corneal innate immune system is composed of many types of cells, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, mucin, and lysozyme. Neutrophil infiltration and degranulation occur on the ocular surface. Degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, called NETosis, and autophagy in neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. It is necessary to understand the role of neutrophils on the ocular surface. Furthermore, there is a need for research on therapeutic agents targeting neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation for ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Mun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea; (Y.M.); (J.S.H.)
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea; (Y.M.); (J.S.H.)
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea; (Y.M.); (J.S.H.)
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea
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Abstract
Neutrophils are the largest population of circulating leukocytes and the first responder against invading pathogens or other danger signals. Sophisticated machineries help them play critical roles in immunity and inflammation, including phagocytosis, superoxide production, cytokine and chemokine production, degranulation, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). After maturation and release from the bone marrow, neutrophils migrate to inflamed tissues in response to many stimuli. Increasing evidences indicate that neutrophils are critically involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, including liver cancer, thus making them promising target for the treatment of liver diseases. Here, we would like to provide the latest finding about the role of neutrophils in liver diseases and discuss the potentiality of neutrophils as target for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Tang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijun Yan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Graduate Management Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Feng
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Lexing Yu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
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