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Abdel-Fattah MM, Abo-El Fetoh ME, Afify H, Ramadan LAA, Mohamed WR. Probenecid ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: Implications of PGE-2 on ADAM-17/EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling cascade. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23450. [PMID: 37352135 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most prevalent clinical disorders in the elderly. Probenecid (Prob) is a well-known FDA-approved therapy for gout owing to its uricosuric effect. The present study evaluated the use of Prob for BPH as a COX-2 inhibitor. Prob (100 and 200 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into male Wistar rats daily for 3 weeks. In the second week, testosterone (3 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to induce BPH. Compared with BPH-induced rats, Prob treatment reduced prostate weight and index and improved histopathological architecture. The protease activity of ADAM-17/TACE and its ligands (TGF-α and TNF-α) were regulated by prob, which in turn abolished EGFR phosphorylation, and several inflammatory mediators (COX-2, PGE2, NF-κB (p65), and IL-6) were suppressed. By reducing the nuclear import of extracellular regulated kinase protein 1/2 (ERK1/2), Prob helped re-establish the usual equilibrium between antiapoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 and proapoptotic proteins like Bax. All of these data point to Prob as a promising treatment for BPH because of its ability to inhibit COX-2-syntheiszed PGE2 and control the ADAM-17/TGF-α-induced EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling cascade. These findings might help to repurpose Prob for the treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Abo-El Fetoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A A Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Krüger J, Fischer A, Breunig M, Allgöwer C, Schulte L, Merkle J, Mulaw MA, Okeke N, Melzer MK, Morgenstern C, Azoitei N, Seufferlein T, Barth TF, Siebert R, Hohwieler M, Kleger A. DNA methylation-associated allelic inactivation regulates Keratin 19 gene expression during pancreatic development and carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2023; 261:139-155. [PMID: 37555362 DOI: 10.1002/path.6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the pancreas, Keratin 19 (KRT19) labels the ductal lineage and is a determinant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To investigate KRT19 expression dynamics, we developed a human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based KRT19-mCherry reporter system in different genetic backgrounds to monitor KRT19 expression from its endogenous gene locus. A differentiation protocol to generate mature pancreatic duct-like organoids was applied. While KRT19/mCherry expression became evident at the early endoderm stage, mCherry signal was present in nearly all cells at the pancreatic endoderm (PE) and pancreatic progenitor (PP) stages. Interestingly, despite homogenous KRT19 expression, mCherry positivity dropped to 50% after ductal maturation, indicating a permanent switch from biallelic to monoallelic expression. DNA methylation profiling separated the distinct differentiation intermediates, with site-specific DNA methylation patterns occurring at the KRT19 locus during ductal maturation. Accordingly, the monoallelic switch was partially reverted upon treatment with a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor. In human PDAC cohorts, high KRT19 levels correlate with low locus methylation and decreased survival. At the same time, activation of oncogenic KRASG12D signalling in our reporter system reversed monoallelic back to biallelic KRT19 expression in pancreatic duct-like organoids. Allelic reactivation was also detected in single-cell transcriptomes of human PDACs, which further revealed a positive correlation between KRT19 and KRAS expression. Accordingly, KRAS mutant PDACs had higher KRT19 mRNA but lower KRT19 gene locus DNA methylation than wildtype counterparts. KRT19 protein was additionally detected in plasma of PDAC patients, with higher concentrations correlating with shorter progression-free survival in gemcitabine/nabPaclitaxel-treated and opposing trends in FOLFIRINOX-treated patients. Apart from being an important pancreatic ductal lineage marker, KRT19 appears tightly controlled via a switch from biallelic to monoallelic expression during ductal lineage entry and is aberrantly expressed after oncogenic KRASG12D expression, indicating a role in PDAC development and malignancy. Soluble KRT19 might serve as a relevant biomarker to stratify treatment. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krüger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chantal Allgöwer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucas Schulte
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Unit for Single-cell Genomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nnamdi Okeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael K Melzer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara Morgenstern
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Fe Barth
- Department of Pathology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Organoid Core Facility, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Kim ES, Kim SY, Moon A. C-Reactive Protein Signaling Pathways in Tumor Progression. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:473-483. [PMID: 37562952 PMCID: PMC10468419 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancers arise from sites of chronic inflammation, which creates an inflammatory microenvironment surrounding the tumor. Inflammatory substances secreted by cells in the inflammatory environment can induce the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, thereby promoting cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. Therefore, it is important to identify the role of inflammatory factors in cancer progression. This review summarizes the signaling pathways and roles of C-reactive protein (CRP) in various cancer types, including breast, liver, renal, and pancreatic cancer, and the tumor microenvironment. Mounting evidence suggests the role of CRP in breast cancer, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is typically associated with a worse prognosis. Increased CRP in the inflammatory environment contributes to enhanced invasiveness and tumor formation in TNBC cells. CRP promotes endothelial cell formation and angiogenesis and contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In pancreatic and kidney cancers, CRP contributes to tumor progression. In liver cancer, CRP regulates inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. CRP modulates the activity of various signaling molecules in macrophages and monocytes present in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to tumor development, the immune response, and inflammation. In the present review, we overviewed the role of CRP signaling pathways and the association between inflammation and cancer in various types of cancer. Identifying the interactions between CRP signaling pathways and other inflammatory mediators in cancer progression is crucial for understanding the complex relationship between inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Kim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
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Tincknell G, Piper AK, Aghmesheh M, Becker T, Vine KL, Brungs D, Ranson M. Experimental and Clinical Evidence Supports the Use of Urokinase Plasminogen Activation System Components as Clinically Relevant Biomarkers in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4097. [PMID: 34439251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinomas (GOCs) have short life expectancies as their tumours spread to other sites early. This is facilitated by the increased expression of the urokinase plasminogen activation system (uPAS); a feature of the majority of GOCs. There is increasing appreciation of the importance of uPAS expression in a range of cell types within the tumour microenvironment. Abundant clinical evidence indicates that altered expression of uPAS proteins is associated with worse outcomes, including time to tumour recurrence and patient survival. Emerging technologies, including liquid biopsy, suggest a role of uPAS for the detection of circulating tumour cells, which are responsible for the dissemination of cancers. We review and summarise pre-clinical and clinical data that supports the use of uPAS as a biomarker in GOC. Abstract Gastric and oesophageal cancers (GOCs) are lethal cancers which metastasise early and recur frequently, even after definitive surgery. The urokinase plasminogen activator system (uPAS) is strongly implicated in the invasion and metastasis of many aggressive tumours including GOCs. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) interaction with its receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), leads to proteolytic activation of plasminogen to plasmin, a broad-spectrum protease which enables tumour cell invasion and dissemination to distant sites. uPA, uPAR and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are overexpressed in some GOCs. Accumulating evidence points to a causal role of activated receptor tyrosine kinase pathways enhancing uPAS expression in GOCs. Expression of these components are associated with poorer clinicopathological features and patient survival. Stromal cells, including tumour-associated macrophages and myofibroblasts, also express the key uPAS proteins, supporting the argument of stromal involvement in GOC progression and adverse effect on patient survival. uPAS proteins can be detected on circulating leucocytes, circulating tumour cells and within the serum; all have the potential to be developed into circulating biomarkers of GOC. Herein, we review the experimental and clinical evidence supporting uPAS expression as clinical biomarker in GOC, with the goal of developing targeted therapeutics against the uPAS.
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Cowdery SP, Stuart AL, Pasco JA, Berk M, Campbell D, Bjerkeset O, Williams LJ. Mood disorder and cancer onset: evidence from a population-based sample of Australian women. Braz J Psychiatry 2021; 43:355-361. [PMID: 32965431 PMCID: PMC8352740 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of mood disorders in cancer onset is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mood disorder and incident cancer in a population-based sample of women. METHODS Data were derived from women aged 28-94 years participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Mood disorder was identified via Clinical Interview (SCID-I/NP). Cancer data was obtained following linkage with the Victorian Cancer Registry. Demographic and lifestyle factors were self-reported. Nested case-control and retrospective study designs were utilized. RESULTS In the case-control study (n=807), mood disorder was documented for 18 of the 75 (9.3%) cancer cases and among 288 controls (24.0% vs. 39.3%, p = 0.009). Prior exposure to mood disorder was associated with reduced cancer incidence (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.28-0.84); this was sustained following adjustment for confounders (ORadj 0.52, 95%CI 0.30-0.90). In the retrospective cohort study (n=655), among 154 women with a history of mood disorder at baseline, 13 (8.5%) developed incident cancer during follow-up, whereas among 501 women with no history of mood disorder, 54 (10.8%) developed incident cancer. Exposure to mood disorder was not associated with incident cancer over the follow-up period (HR 0.58, 95%CI 0.31-1.08, p = 0.09). CONCLUSION Mood disorder was associated with reduced odds of cancer onset. However, this finding was not supported in the retrospective cohort study. Larger studies able to investigate specific cancers and mood disorders as well as underlying mechanisms in both men and women are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Cowdery
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Amanda L. Stuart
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Campus, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Orygen the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - David Campbell
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Norway
| | - Lana J. Williams
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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You X, Wang Y, Wu J, Liu Q, Chen D, Tang D, Wang D. Aberrant Cytokeratin 20 mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood and Lymph Nodes Indicates Micrometastasis and Poor Prognosis in Patients With Gastric Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819832856. [PMID: 30827194 PMCID: PMC6856971 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819832856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that peripheral blood and lymph node micrometastases may be a causative factor for gastric cancer recurrence. Cytokeratin 20 shows enriched expression in intestinal epithelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of monitoring cytokeratin 20 levels in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of patients with gastric cancer for detecting micrometastasis and predicting prognosis. We detected messenger RNA levels of cytokeratin 20 in gastric cancer cell lines and in the peripheral blood of 125 patients (85 patients with gastric cancer and 40 patients with benign neoplasm) by fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction both before and after radical resection. In all, 1586 lymph node samples from 85 patients with gastric cancer were evaluated for cytokeratin 20 expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction, as well as by immunohistochemistry staining with anti-pan-keratin and anti-cytokeratin 20 antibodies. All patients underwent follow-up until cancer-related death or for more than 3 years after tumor resection. We found that elevated cytokeratin 20 expression in peripheral blood as detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction closely correlates with poor clinicopathological characteristics. Detecting cytokeratin 20 messenger RNA in the lymph nodes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction enabled more accurate determination of the clinicopathological staging of gastric cancer, best treatment approach, and prognosis. Our findings show that patients with increased cytokeratin 20 messenger RNA expression in the peripheral blood or lymph nodes have a shorter time to recurrence and poorer overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan You
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
- Xiaolan You, PhD, Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou
People's Hospital), No 8 South Dongfeng Road, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuanjie Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Dehu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou
University, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou
University, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou Jiangsu Province,
China
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Du J, Hu W, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang X, Yang P. C-reactive protein is associated with the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:238-245. [PMID: 29385406 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) acts as a biomarker reflecting different degrees of inflammation. Accumulating reports have suggested that there is a close relationship between CRP and various cancers. However, the influence of CRP on the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CRP in TSCC. The results of immunohistochemical staining and statistical analyses showed that CRP expression was associated with TSCC tumor size, lymph node metastasis and pathological differentiation. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay revealed that CRP could enhance TSCC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, with CRP stimulation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression patterns presented a notable time-dependent up-regulation. In addition, CRP could enhance the invasion and migration of TSCC cells, as revealed by transwell and wound-healing assays, respectively. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that CRP could protect TSCC cells from starvation- and drug-induced apoptosis. With CRP stimulation, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (pmTOR) and phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (pS6) were significantly increased, as demonstrated by western blot analysis. Our data suggest that CRP may play an important role in the development of TSCC. Moreover, the biological effects of CRP on TSCC cells might be related to Akt, mTOR, and S6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Du
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Stomatology, Zibo Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yegang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Zibo Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Pishan Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Qiao YF, Chen CG, Yue J, Ma MQ, Ma Z, Yu ZT. Prognostic significance of preoperative and postoperative CK19 and CEA mRNA levels in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cardia cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1424-1433. [PMID: 28293089 PMCID: PMC5330827 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i8.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of preoperative and postoperative cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA levels in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cardia cancer (GCC).
METHODS We detected the preoperative and postoperative mRNA levels of CK19 and CEA in peripheral blood of 129 GCC patients by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and evaluated their clinical and prognostic significance by univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. A new prognostic model which stratified patients into three different risk groups was established based on the independent prognostic factors.
RESULTS Elevated preoperative and postoperative CK19 and CEA mRNA levels in peripheral blood of GCC patients were associated with lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that tumor size, histological grade, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, preoperative CK19 mRNA, and preoperative and postoperative CEA mRNA levels were correlated with the prognosis of GCC patients. The multivariate analysis showed that lymph node status (P = 0.018), preoperative CK19 (P = 0.035) and CEA (P = 0.011) mRNA levels were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). The 5-year OS rates for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 48.3%, 22.6%, and 4.6%, respectively (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Elevated preoperative CK19 and CEA mRNA levels may be regarded as promising biomarkers for predicting lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with GCC. This new prognostic model may help us identify the subpopulations of GCC patients with the highest risk.
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Ohtsuka T, Sakaguchi M, Yamamoto H, Tomida S, Takata K, Shien K, Hashida S, Miyata-Takata T, Watanabe M, Suzawa K, Soh J, Youyi C, Sato H, Namba K, Torigoe H, Tsukuda K, Yoshino T, Miyoshi S, Toyooka S. Interaction of cytokeratin 19 head domain and HER2 in the cytoplasm leads to activation of HER2-Erk pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39557. [PMID: 28008968 DOI: 10.1038/srep39557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase and its upregulation via activating mutations or amplification has been identified in some malignant tumors, including lung cancers. Because HER2 can be a therapeutic target in HER2-driven malignancies, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of HER2 activation. In the current study, we identified that cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) binds to HER2 at the inside face of plasma membrane. HER2 and KRT19, which were concurrently introduced to a human embryonic kidney 293 T cells, revealed an association with each other and resulted in phosphorylation of HER2 with the subsequent activation of a downstream Erk-associated pathway. A binding assay revealed that both the NH2-terminal head domain of KRT19 and the COOH-terminal domain of HER2 were essential for their binding. To investigate the impact of the interaction between HER2 and KRT19 in lung cancer, we examined their expressions and localizations in lung cancers. We found that KRT19 was highly expressed in HER2-positive lung cancer cells, and KRT19 and HER2 were co-localized at the cell membrane. In conclusion, we found that KRT19 intracellularly binds to HER2, playing a critical role in HER2 activation.
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