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Pristas P, Beck T, Nosalova L, Gaperova S, Gaper J. How Different Molecular Markers Estimate the Diversity of European Species of the Ganoderma Genus. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1023. [PMID: 37888279 PMCID: PMC10608015 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on published anatomical-morphological and ecological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, six species of the Ganoderma genus are known to occur in Europe, namely, G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat., G. adspersum (Schulzer) Donk, G. pfeifferi Bres., G. resinaceum Boud., G. carnosum Pat., and G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. Molecular markers (DNA sequences of selected genes or intergenic spacers) revolutionized our view of fungal variability. Every one of the four most frequently used molecular markers (ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and partial sequences of LSU (rRNA large subunit), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-alpha), and Rpb2 (RNA polymerase II second largest subunit)) provides a different view on the variability of European species of the Ganoderma genus. Both the lowest intraspecies variability and the best species differentiation (interspecies divergence) were observed for the LSU marker, and based on our data, this marker could be recommended for identification and species delineation in European Ganoderma spp. The sequences of the most frequently used ITS marker were unable to discriminate between G. lucidum and G. carnosum, and in general, this species pair showed the lowest interspecies divergence using all markers tested. Surprisingly, up to now, hidden variability has been detected in several Ganoderma spp., indicating the existence of possible cryptic taxa within the European Ganoderma morphospecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pristas
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Srobarova 2, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4–6, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Terezia Beck
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovskeho 40, 97401 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia; (T.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Lea Nosalova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Srobarova 2, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Svetlana Gaperova
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovskeho 40, 97401 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia; (T.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Jan Gaper
- Department of Biology and General Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovakia;
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He J, Han X, Luo ZL, Li EX, Tang SM, Luo HM, Niu KY, Su XJ, Li SH. Species diversity of Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) with three new species and a key to Ganoderma in Yunnan Province, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035434. [PMID: 36312978 PMCID: PMC9614375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma is a globally distributed genus that encompasses species with forestry ecological, medicinal, economic, and cultural importance. Despite the importance of this fungus, the studies on the species diversity of Ganoderma in Yunnan Province, China (YPC) have poorly been carried out. During this study, opportunistic sampling was used to collect 21 specimens of Ganoderma from YPC. Morphology and multigene phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1-α), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) were used to identify them. Morphological and molecular characterization of the 21 specimens showed that they belong to 18 species of Ganoderma, of which three are novel viz. G. artocarpicola, G. obscuratum and G. yunnanense. Ganoderma artocarpicola is characterized by the sessile and concrescent basidiomata, reddish brown to yellowish brown pileus surface, heterogeneous context, wavy margin, and ovoid basidiospores. Ganoderma obscuratum is distinguished by small pores (6–9 per mm), dorsolaterally sub-stipitate basidiomata which become greyish-brown when dry, and narrow ellipsoid basidiospores. Ganoderma yunnanense is characterized by cream color pore surface and context, centrally to laterally stipitate basidiomata with reddish-brown to violet-brown strongly laccate pileus surface, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. With the help of an extensive literature survey and the results of this study, a checklist of 32 Ganoderma species from YPC was established, which accounts for 71.11% of the known species in China. In addition, a key to the Ganoderma in YPC is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Agronomy and Biosciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Zong-Long Luo
- College of Agronomy and Biosciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - E-Xian Li
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Song-Ming Tang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Mei Luo
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Kai-Yang Niu
- College of Agronomy and Biosciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi-jun Su
- College of Agronomy and Biosciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu-Hong Li
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-Hong Li,
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