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Lysne V, Strandler HS. Riboflavin: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10315. [PMID: 38187799 PMCID: PMC10770701 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Only a few studies have explored relationships between riboflavin intake and function and a few studies have examined the effects of supplements on various clinical or biochemical outcomes. None of these studies, however, make a useful contribution to understanding requirements in healthy populations. Thus, there is no strong evidence to change the recommendations. The requirement for riboflavin is estimated based on the relationship between intake and biochemical indices of riboflavin status, including urinary excretion and enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Lysne
- Department of Health and Inequality, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Mciteka LP. A Synthesis Review of Vitamins Involved in the Fight against Covid‐19. ChemBioEng Reviews 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lulama P. Mciteka
- University of the Western Cape Department of Chemistry Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
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3
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Ghosh B, Roy N, Mandal S, Ali S, Bomzan P, Roy D, Salman Haydar M, Dakua VK, Upadhyay A, Biswas D, Paul KK, Roy MN. Host-Guest Encapsulation of RIBO with TSC4X: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Application by Physicochemical and Computational Investigations. ACS Omega 2023; 8:6778-6790. [PMID: 36844564 PMCID: PMC9948204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In our present work, we synthesized a new encapsulated complex denoted as RIBO-TSC4X, which was derived from an important vitamin riboflavin (RIBO) and p-sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene(TSC4X). The synthesized complex RIBO-TSC4X was then characterized by utilizing several spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, FT-IR, PXRD, SEM, and TGA. Job's plot has been employed to show the encapsulation of RIBO (guest) with TSC4X (host) having a 1:1 molar ratio. The molecular association constant of the complex entity (RIBO-TSC4X) was found to be 3116.29 ± 0.17 M-1, suggesting the formation of a stable complex. The augment in aqueous solubility of the RIBO-TSC4X complex compared to pure RIBO was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy, and it was viewed that the newly synthesized complex has almost 30 times enhanced solubility over pure RIBO. The enhancement of thermal stability upto 440 °C for the RIBO-TSC4X complex was examined by TG analysis. This research also forecasts RIBO's release behavior in the presence of CT-DNA, and at the same time, BSA binding study was also carried out. The synthesized RIBO-TSC4X complex exhibited comparatively better free radical scavenging activity, thereby minimizing oxidative injury of the cell as evident from a series of antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation assay. Furthermore, the RIBO-TSC4X complex showed peroxidase-like biomimetic activity, which is very useful for several enzyme catalyst reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Salim Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Pranish Bomzan
- Department
of Chemistry, Gorubathan Government College, Kalimpong 735231, India
| | - Debadrita Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Salman Haydar
- Department
of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Dakua
- Department
of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar 736122, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Upadhyay
- Department
of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar 736122, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department
of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar 736122, West Bengal, India
| | - Kausik Kumar Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar 736122, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahendra Nath Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
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Blaylock RL. The biochemical basis of neurodegenerative disease: The role of immunoexcitoxicity and ways to possibly attenuate it. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:141. [PMID: 37151454 PMCID: PMC10159298 DOI: 10.25259/sni_250_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that inflammation secondary to immune activation is intimately connected to excitotoxicity. We now know that most peripheral tissues contain fully operational glutamate receptors. While most of the available research deals with excitotoxicity in central nervous system (CNS) tissues, this is no longer true. Even plant has been found to contain glutamate receptors. Most of the immune cells, including mask cells, contain glutamate receptors. The receptors are altered by inflammation, both chemokine and cytokines. A host of new diseases have been found that are caused by immunity to certain glutamate receptors, as we see with Rasmussen's encephalitis. In this paper, I try to explain this connection and possible ways to reduce or even stop the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L. Blaylock
- Corresponding author: Russell L. Blaylock, M.D. 609 Old Natchez Trace Canton, MS. Retired Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery, Theoretical Neuroscience Research, LLC, Ridgeland, Mississippi, United States.
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Sanjeewani K, Lee KJ. Dietary Riboflavin Requirement of Pacific White Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquac Nutr 2023; 2023:6685592. [PMID: 37143963 PMCID: PMC10154092 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6685592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the dietary riboflavin requirement and its effects on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, and diet digestibility of Litopenaeus vannamei. A riboflavin-free basal diet (R0) was formulated as a control, and six other diets were prepared by adding riboflavin of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/kg to the basal diet (designated as R10, R20, R30, R40, R50, and R60, respectively). Quadruplicate groups of shrimp (initial average weight 0.17 ± 0.00 g) were fed the diets six times a day for 8 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly increased by riboflavin (p < 0.05). The maximum values were observed in shrimp fed R40 diet. The highest activities of phenoloxidase, nitro blue tetrazolium, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in shrimp fed R40 diet. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in shrimp fed R30 and R40 diets than that of shrimp fed R60 diet (p < 0.05). Intestinal villi were significantly longer in shrimp fed R50 and R60 diets compared to those of all other groups while the shortest villi were observed in R0 group (p < 0.05). Intestinal villi were clearly distinguished in shrimp fed higher levels of riboflavin compared to those of shrimp fed R0 and R10 diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein in diets were not significantly affected by riboflavin levels (p < 0.05). Whole-body proximate composition and hemolymph biochemical parameters were not significantly altered by dietary riboflavin (p < 0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that riboflavin is essential to enhance growth performance, feed utilization, nonspecific immunity, and intestine morphology of shrimp. An optimal riboflavin requirement for the maximum growth of L. vannamei seems to be approximately 40.9 mg/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokila Sanjeewani
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Jun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
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Panja S, Siegel D, Camandola S, de Cabo R, Ross D, Mallela K. FAD-deficient P187S mutation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1*2) binds and accelerates β-amyloid aggregation. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20220643. [PMID: 36281795 PMCID: PMC9664297 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prominent neurodegenerative diseases. Results from animal and cellular models suggest that FAD-deficient forms of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) may accelerate the aggregation of Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptide (Aβ1-42). Here, we examined in vitro whether NQO1 and its FAD-deficient P187S mutation (NQO1*2) directly interact with Aβ1-42 and modify its rate of aggregation. When monitored using the fluorescence of either noncovalent thioflavin T (ThT) or HiLyte Fluor 647 (HF647) dye covalently attached to the Aβ1-42 peptide, the aggregation kinetics of Aβ1-42 were markedly more rapid in the presence of NQO1*2 than the wild-type (WT) NQO1. Experiments using apo-NQO1 indicate that this increase is linked to the inability of NQO1*2 to bind to FAD. Furthermore, dicoumarol, an NQO1 inhibitor that binds near the FAD-binding site and stabilizes NQO1*2, markedly decreased the aggregation kinetics of Aβ1-42. Imaging flow cytometry confirmed in-vitro coaggregation of NQO1 isoforms and Aβ1-42. Aβ1-42 alone forms rod-shaped fibril structures while in the presence of NQO1 isoforms, Aβ1-42 is incorporated in the middle of larger globular protein aggregates surrounded by NQO1 molecules. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analysis indicates that Aβ1-42 interacts with NQO1 isoforms with a specific stoichiometry through a hydrophobic interaction with positive enthalpy and entropy changes. These data define the kinetics, mechanism, and shape of coaggregates of Aβ1-42 and NQO1 isoforms and the potential relevance of FAD-deficient forms of NQO1 for amyloid aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Panja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, MS C238-V20, Aurora, CO 80045, U.S.A
| | - David Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, MS C238-V20, Aurora, CO 80045, U.S.A
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Experimental Gerontology Section, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD, U.S.A
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD, U.S.A
| | - David Ross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, MS C238-V20, Aurora, CO 80045, U.S.A
| | - Krishna M.G. Mallela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, MS C238-V20, Aurora, CO 80045, U.S.A
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Joshi V, Chhonker YS, Soni D, Cunningham KC, Samuelson DR, Murry DJ. A Selective and Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for Quantitation of Indole in Mouse Serum and Tissues. Metabolites 2022; 12. [PMID: 36005588 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole is an endogenous substance currently being evaluated as a biomarker for ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A novel, selective, and sensitive method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for quantitation of indole concentrations in mouse plasma and tissues. Samples were prepared by protein precipitation using ice-cold acetonitrile (ACN) followed by injecting the extracted analyte to LC-MS/MS system. Indole was separated using Synergi Fusion C18 (4 µm, 250 × 2.0 mm) column with mobile phase 0.1% aqueous formic acid (A) and methanol (B) using gradient flow with run time 12 min. The mass spectrometer was operated in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) positive mode at unit resolution in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, using precursor ion > product ion combinations of 118.1 > 91.1 m/z for indole and 124.15 > 96.1 m/z for internal standard (IS) indole d7. The MS/MS response was linear over the range of indole concentrations (1−500 ng/mL). The validated method was applied for quantitation of indole concentrations range in mouse lungs (4.3−69.4 ng/g), serum (0.8−38.7 ng/mL) and cecum (1043.8−12,124.4 ng/g). This method would help investigate the role of indole as a biomarker and understand its implications in different disease states.
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Fan Y, Xu Q, Qian H, Tao C, Wan T, Li Z, Yan W, Niu R, Huang Y, Chen M, Xu Q, Martin EM, Wang X, Qin Y, Lu C. High-fat diet aggravates prenatal low-dose DEHP exposure induced spermatogenesis disorder: Characterization of testicular metabolic patterns in mouse offspring. Chemosphere 2022; 298:134296. [PMID: 35301995 PMCID: PMC9533191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer and has been identified as a male prenatal reproductive toxicant. A high fat diet (HFD) has also been suggested as another potential disruptor of male reproductive function. Despite this potential synergism between DEHP exposure and HFD, little is known about the concomitant effects of prenatal DEHP and a subsequent HFD exposure on male offspring reproductive injury. Here we established a mouse model of prenatal exposure to DEHP (0.2 mg/kg/day) to assess the testicular development and spermatogenesis in offspring subjected to obesogenic diet during the pubertal period. Gross phenotype, hormone profiles and the testicular metabolome were analyzed to determine the underlying mechanism. We found that prenatal exposure to low-dose DEHP resulted in decreased sperm density, decreased testosterone (T) levels, increased luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and testicular germ cell apoptosis. Furthermore, these injury phenotypes were aggravated by pubertal HFD treatment. Testicular riboflavin and biotin metabolites were enriched implying their roles in contributing HFD to exacerbate offspring spermatogenesis disorders due to prenatal low-dose DEHP exposure. Our findings suggest that pubertal HFD exacerbates reproductive dysfunction associated with prenatal exposure to low-dose DEHP in male adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tingya Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuna Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 111 TW Alexander Drive, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Minjárez-Sáenz M, Martínez-Júlvez M, Yruela I, Medina M. Mining the Flavoproteome of Brucella ovis, the Brucellosis Causing Agent in Ovis aries. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0229421. [PMID: 35315701 PMCID: PMC9045290 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02294-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavoproteins are a diverse class of proteins that are mostly enzymes and contain as cofactors flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and/or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which enable them to participate in a wide range of physiological reactions. We have compiled 78 potential proteins building the flavoproteome of Brucella ovis (B. ovis), the causative agent of ovine brucellosis. The curated list of flavoproteins here reported is based on (i) the analysis of sequence, structure and function of homologous proteins, and their classification according to their structural domains, clans, and expected enzymatic functions; (ii) the constructed phylogenetic trees of enzyme functional classes using 19 Brucella strains and 26 pathogenic and/or biotechnological relevant alphaproteobacteria together with B. ovis; and (iii) the evaluation of the genetic context for each entry. Candidates account for ∼2.7% of the B. ovis proteome, and 75% of them use FAD as cofactor. Only 55% of these flavoproteins belong to the core proteome of Brucella and contribute to B. ovis processes involved in maintenance activities, survival and response to stress, virulence, and/or infectivity. Several of the predicted flavoproteins are highly divergent in Brucella genus from revised proteins and for them it is difficult to envisage a clear function. This might indicate modified catalytic activities or even divergent processes and mechanisms still not identified. We have also detected the lack of some functional flavoenzymes in B. ovis, which might contribute to it being nonzoonotic. Finally, potentiality of B. ovis flavoproteome as the source of antimicrobial targets or biocatalyst is discussed. IMPORTANCE Some microorganisms depend heavily on flavin-dependent activities, but others maintain them at a minimum. Knowledge about flavoprotein content and functions in different microorganisms will help to identify their metabolic requirements, as well as to benefit either industry or health. Currently, most flavoproteins from the sheep pathogen Brucella ovis are only automatically annotated in databases, and only two have been experimentally studied. Indeed, certain homologues with unknown function are not characterized, and they might relate to still not identified mechanisms or processes. Our research has identified 78 members that comprise its flavoproteome, 76 of them flavoenzymes, which mainly relate to bacteria survival, virulence, and/or infectivity. The list of flavoproteins here presented allows us to better understand the peculiarities of Brucella ovis and can be applied as a tool to search for candidates as new biocatalyst or antimicrobial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Minjárez-Sáenz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Júlvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology “GBsC” (BIFI, Unizar) Joint Unit to CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology “GBsC” (BIFI, Unizar) Joint Unit to CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology “GBsC” (BIFI, Unizar) Joint Unit to CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
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Gkotinakou IM, Mylonis I, Tsakalof A. Vitamin D and Hypoxia: Points of Interplay in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071791. [PMID: 35406562 PMCID: PMC8997790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone that, through its action, elicits a broad spectrum of physiological responses ranging from classic to nonclassical actions such as bone morphogenesis and immune function. In parallel, many studies describe the antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic effects of calcitriol (the active hormonal form) that contribute to its anticancer activity. Additionally, epidemiological data signify the inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and cancer risk. On the contrary, tumors possess several adaptive mechanisms that enable them to evade the anticancer effects of calcitriol. Such maladaptive processes are often a characteristic of the cancer microenvironment, which in solid tumors is frequently hypoxic and elicits the overexpression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs). HIF-mediated signaling not only contributes to cancer cell survival and proliferation but also confers resistance to anticancer agents. Taking into consideration that calcitriol intertwines with signaling events elicited by the hypoxic status cells, this review examines their interplay in cellular signaling to give the opportunity to better understand their relationship in cancer development and their prospect for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilias Mylonis
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.T.); Tel.: +30-2410-685578 (I.M. & A.T)
| | - Andreas Tsakalof
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.T.); Tel.: +30-2410-685578 (I.M. & A.T)
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11
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Elaraby NM, Ahmed HA, Ashaat NA, Tawfik S, Ahmed MKH, Hassib NF, Ashaat EA. Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of APMR4 Syndrome Caused by a Novel Variant in LSS Gene and Review of Literature. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2242-51. [PMID: 36251212 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia intellectual disability syndromes 4 (APMR4) is a very rare autosomal recessive condition caused by a mutation in the LSS gene present on chromosome 21. This syndrome has a clinical heterogeneity mainly exhibited with variable degrees of intellectual disability (ID) and congenital alopecia, as well. Eight families with 13 cases have been previously reported. Herein, we provide a report on an Egyptian family with two affected siblings and one affected fetus who was diagnosed prenatally. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a novel pathogenic missense variant (c.1609G > T; p.Val537Leu) in the lanosterol synthase gene (LSS) related to the examined patients. The detected variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Segregation analyses confirmed that the parents were heterozygous. Our patient was presented with typical clinical manifestations of the disease in addition to new phenotypic features which included some dysmorphic facies as frontal bossing and bilateral large ears, as well as bilateral hyperextensibility of the fingers and wrist joints, short stature, umbilical hernia, and teeth mineralization defect. This study is the first study in Egypt and the 9th molecularly proven family to date. The aim is to expand the clinical and mutational spectrum of the syndrome. Moreover, the report gives a hint on the importance of prenatal testing and the proper genetic counseling to help the parents to take their own decision based on their beliefs.
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Arib C, Bouchemal N, Barile M, Paleni D, Djaker N, Dupont N, Spadavecchia J. Flavin-adenine-dinucleotide gold complex nanoparticles: chemical modeling design, physico-chemical assessment and perspectives in nanomedicine. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:6144-6156. [PMID: 36133939 PMCID: PMC9418941 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00444a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Flavoproteins play an important role in the regulatory process of cell life, and they are involved in several redox reactions that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. The development of effective drug delivery systems is one of the major challenges in the fight against cancer. This study involves a nanomedicine pathway to encapsulate the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) using polymeric gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) through two chemical methods of functionalization (chelation (IN); carbodiimide chemistry (ON)). These hybrid gold nanoparticles and their precursors were characterized by analytical techniques (Raman, UV-Vis, and H1-NMR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) which confirmed the grafting of the cofactor agent. The results of the computational studies (Density Functional Theory (DFT)) were in agreement with the experimental observations. We also monitored the interaction of our hybrid nanoparticle systems with small aptamers (APT) in order to validate the hypotheses on the biomolecular mechanisms and also investigate their biological efficiency on pancreatic cancer cells (MIAPaCa-2 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Arib
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, 1 Rue Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Nadia Bouchemal
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, 1 Rue Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Maria Barile
- Dept. of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Via Orabona 470126 Bari Italy
| | | | - Nadia Djaker
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, 1 Rue Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Nathalie Dupont
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, 1 Rue Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, 1 Rue Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
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Holton KF. Micronutrients May Be a Unique Weapon Against the Neurotoxic Triad of Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: A Perspective. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:726457. [PMID: 34630015 PMCID: PMC8492967 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.726457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity has been implicated in many neurological disorders and is a leading cause of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the nervous system. Most of the research to date has focused on each of these conditions individually; however, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation have the ability to influence one another in a self-sustaining manner, thus functioning as a "neurotoxic triad." This perspective article re-introduces the concept of the neurotoxic triad and reviews how specific dietary micronutrients have been shown to protect against not only oxidative stress, but also excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Future dietary interventions for neurological disorders could focus on the effects on all three aspects of the neurotoxic triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Holton
- Nutritional Neuroscience Lab, Department of Health Studies, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
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14
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Mosegaard S, Dipace G, Bross P, Carlsen J, Gregersen N, Olsen RKJ. Riboflavin Deficiency-Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3847. [PMID: 32481712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential vitamin, the role of riboflavin in human diet and health is increasingly being highlighted. Insufficient dietary intake of riboflavin is often reported in nutritional surveys and population studies, even in non-developing countries with abundant sources of riboflavin-rich dietary products. A latent subclinical riboflavin deficiency can result in a significant clinical phenotype when combined with inborn genetic disturbances or environmental and physiological factors like infections, exercise, diet, aging and pregnancy. Riboflavin, and more importantly its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), play a crucial role in essential cellular processes including mitochondrial energy metabolism, stress responses, vitamin and cofactor biogenesis, where they function as cofactors to ensure the catalytic activity and folding/stability of flavoenzymes. Numerous inborn errors of flavin metabolism and flavoenzyme function have been described, and supplementation with riboflavin has in many cases been shown to be lifesaving or to mitigate symptoms. This review discusses the environmental, physiological and genetic factors that affect cellular riboflavin status. We describe the crucial role of riboflavin for general human health, and the clear benefits of riboflavin treatment in patients with inborn errors of metabolism.
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15
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Kim K, Mills JL, Michels KA, Chaljub EN, Wactawski-Wende J, Plowden TC, Mumford SL. Dietary Intakes of Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B-6, and Vitamin B-12 and Ovarian Cycle Function among Premenopausal Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 120:885-892. [PMID: 31879178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 are key players in one-carbon metabolism as enzymatic cofactors, and deficiency of these nutrients may influence reproductive outcomes possibly through affecting reproductive hormones. OBJECTIVE The goal was to investigate associations between dietary intakes of riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12, and menstrual function among premenopausal women. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study conducted at the University at Buffalo during 2005 to 2007. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants were 259 healthy, regularly menstruating women (aged 18 to 44 years) with self-reported menstrual cycles between 21 and 35 days, who were not trying to conceive, and who had not used hormonal contraception during the past 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intakes of B vitamins were assessed via 24-hour dietary recalls four times per menstrual cycle for two cycles. Serum reproductive hormones and plasma homocysteine were measured eight and three times, respectively, per cycle for two cycles. Anovulatory cycles were determined by progesterone concentrations ≤5 ng/mL (15.9 nmol/L) and no observed serum luteinizing hormone peak during the mid or late luteal phase visit. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Weighted linear mixed regressions were used to evaluate associations between cycle-averaged B vitamin intakes and hormones and homocysteine, and generalized linear regressions for associations with anovulation. Models were adjusted for age, race, body mass index, physical activity, alternate Mediterranean diet score, intakes of total energy, protein, fiber, and folate, and percentage of energy intake from fat. RESULTS Higher intakes of riboflavin (per 0.1 mg increase in intake) were inversely correlated with estradiol (-0.87%, 95% CI -1.67 to -0.06) and homocysteine levels (-0.61%, 95% CI -1.10 to -0.12). Higher vitamin B-6 intakes were suggestive of higher follicle-stimulating hormone, although the results were not statistically significant (0.63% difference, 95% CI -0.03 to 1.29, per 0.1 mg increase in intake; P=0.06). Small increases in testosterone and decreases in homocysteine were found with vitamin B-12 intake. No associations were observed between intake of B vitamins and a risk of sporadic anovulation. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of riboflavin were associated with a small decrease in serum estradiol among healthy, regularly menstruating women. Higher intakes of riboflavin and vitamin B-12 were associated with lower plasma homocysteine concentrations. Overall, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 that are one-carbon nutrients do not appear to influence the ovarian cycle among premenopausal women.
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Abstract
Aim - analysis of data on the role of vitamin and carotenoid deficiency in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), the consumption of individual vitamins and vitamin supplements, as well as estimation of the effectiveness of the use of vitamins in patients with MS. A review of the existing literature has been carried out in the databases of RINC, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Pubmed. The lack of vitamins is a risk factor for MS and its components. The diet of people with MS is characterized by excessive caloric content and at the same time contains an inadequate amount of most vitamins. The most frequent in patients with MS is the deficiency (blood level) of vitamin D, E, B vitamins, carotenoids. Among patients with MS, individuals with a reduced concentration of vitamins in the blood plasma are often found. In turn, among those with a deficiency of vitamins, MS is more often found. Low concentrations of 25(OH)D in the serum are associated with an increased risk of MS. An inverse association between the concentration of the hormonal form of vitamin 1.25(OH)2D3 in the serum and the development of MC has been found. In patients with MS, the α-tocopherol concentration associated with lipids is lower than in healthy individuals, and γ-tocopherol, on the contrary, is higher. Taking high doses of one of the vitamin E homologues shifts the balance between tocopherols in the blood plasma. Sufficient supply of the body with all vitamins involved in the formation of metabolically active forms of vitamins (D, B6, PP) is a necessary condition for the exercise of these biological functions by these vitamins. The lack of vitamins is a risk factor for MS and its components. Enrichment of the diet of patients with MS should be considered as a necessary favorable background for its treatment. Since the body has functional connections between vitamins, it is advisable to use not individual vitamins, but their complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Kodentsova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Risnik
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kh Kh Sharafetdinov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - D B Nikityuk
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Liu J, Gao W, Pu L, Wei J, Xin Z, Wang Y, Shi T, Guo C. Modulation of hepatic gene expression profiles by vitamin B 1, vitamin B 2, and niacin supplementation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:844-853. [PMID: 29566343 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to observe the effects of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation on hepatic gene expression profiles in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Thirty mice were randomly divided into normal, acute hypoxia, and acute hypoxia plus vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation groups and fed corresponding diets for 2 weeks and then exposed to a simulated altitude of 6000 m for 8 h. Hepatic gene expression profiles were analyzed using a microarray technique. Several biochemical markers were also assayed. The results showed that a total of 2476 genes were expressed differentially after acute hypoxia exposure (1508 upregulated genes and 968 downregulated genes). Compared with the acute hypoxia group, there were 1382 genes differentially expressed (626 upregulated genes and 756 downregulated genes) in the acute hypoxia plus vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation group. Pathway analysis indicated that carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as electron transfer chain, were improved to some extent after vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation. Supportive results were obtained from biochemical assays. Our findings suggest that the supplementation of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin is beneficial in improving nutritional metabolism partly via gene expression under acute hypoxia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Weina Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Lingling Pu
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jingyu Wei
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhonghao Xin
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Tala Shi
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
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19
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Cashman KD, van den Heuvel EGHM, Schoemaker RJW, Prévéraud DP, Macdonald HM, Arcot J. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a Biomarker of Vitamin D Status and Its Modeling to Inform Strategies for Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency within the Population. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:947-957. [PMID: 29141976 PMCID: PMC5682995 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unacceptably high in the population, and this requires action from a public health perspective. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is a robust and reliable marker of vitamin D status and has been used by numerous agencies in the establishment of vitamin D dietary requirements and for population surveillance of vitamin D deficiency or inadequacy. In a wider context, modeling of serum 25(OH)D data and its contributory sources, namely dietary vitamin D supply and UVB availability, can inform our understanding of population vitamin D status. The aim of this review is to provide the current status of knowledge in relation to modeling of such vitamin D-relevant data. We begin by highlighting the importance of the measurement of 25(OH)D and its standardization, both of which have led to new key data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy in North America and Europe. We then overview how state-of-the-art modeling can be used to inform our understanding of the potential effect of ergocalciferol and 25(OH)D on vitamin D intake estimates and how meteorological data on UVB availability, when coupled with other key data, can help predict population serum 25(OH)D concentration, even accounting for seasonal fluctuations, and lastly, how these in silico approaches can help inform policymakers on strategic options on addressing low vitamin D status through food-based approaches and supplementation. The potential of exemplar food-based solutions will be highlighted, as will the possibility of synergies between vitamin D and other dairy food-based micronutrients, in relation to vitamin D status and bone health. Lastly, we will briefly consider the interactions between season and vitamin D supplements on vitamin D status and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences and,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Damien P Prévéraud
- Center of Expertise and Research in Nutrition, Adisseo France SAS, Commentry, France
| | - Helen M Macdonald
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food Science and Technology Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Torday JS, Miller WB. The resolution of ambiguity as the basis for life: A cellular bridge between Western reductionism and Eastern holism. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2017; 131:288-297. [PMID: 28743585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Boundary conditions enable cellular life through negentropy, chemiosmosis, and homeostasis as identifiable First Principles of Physiology. Self-referential awareness of status arises from this organized state to sustain homeostatic imperatives. Preferred homeostatic status is dependent upon the appraisal of information and its communication. However, among living entities, sources of information and their dissemination are always imprecise. Consequently, living systems exist within an innate state of ambiguity. It is presented that cellular life and evolutionary development are a self-organizing cellular response to uncertainty in iterative conformity with its basal initiating parameters. Viewing the life circumstance in this manner permits a reasoned unification between Western rational reductionism and Eastern holism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Torday
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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Abstract
With the huge negative impact of neurological disorders on patient's life and society resources, the discovery of neuroprotective agents is critical and cost-effective. Neuroprotective agents can prevent and/or modify the course of neurological disorders. Despite being underestimated, riboflavin offers neuroprotective mechanisms. Significant pathogenesis-related mechanisms are shared by, but not restricted to, Parkinson's disease (PD) and migraine headache. Those pathogenesis-related mechanisms can be tackled through riboflavin proposed neuroprotective mechanisms. In fact, it has been found that riboflavin ameliorates oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glutamate excitotoxicity; all of which take part in the pathogenesis of PD, migraine headache, and other neurological disorders. In addition, riboflavin-dependent enzymes have essential roles in pyridoxine activation, tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, and homocysteine metabolism. Indeed, pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of pyridoxine, has been found to have independent neuroprotective potential. Also, the produced kynurenines influence glutamate receptors and its consequent excitotoxicity. In addition, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase requires riboflavin to ensure normal folate cycle influencing the methylation cycle and consequently homocysteine levels which have its own negative neurovascular consequences if accumulated. In conclusion, riboflavin is a potential neuroprotective agent affecting a wide range of neurological disorders exemplified by PD, a disorder of neurodegeneration, and migraine headache, a disorder of pain. In this article, we will emphasize the role of riboflavin in neuroprotection elaborating on its proposed neuroprotective mechanisms in opposite to the pathogenesis-related mechanisms involved in two common neurological disorders, PD and migraine headache, as well as, we encourage the clinical evaluation of riboflavin in PD and migraine headache patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad T. Marashly
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed A. Bohlega
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Dey S, Bishayi B. Riboflavin along with antibiotics balances reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and controls Staphylococcus aureus infection by boosting murine macrophage function and regulates inflammation. J Inflamm (Lond) 2016; 13:36. [PMID: 27932936 PMCID: PMC5126841 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Macrophages serve as intracellular reservoirs of S. aureus. Recent in vitro studies have confirmed high level resistance by S. aureus to macrophage mediated killing and the intracellular persistence of Staphylococci may play an important role in the pathogenesis. Since this localization protects them from both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, therefore, a successful anti-staphylococcal therapy should include the elimination of intracellular bacteria, further protecting the host cells from staphylococci-induced cell death. So, only antibiotic therapy may not be helpful, successful therapy needs combination of drugs not only for elimination of pathogen but also for rescuing the host cell for S. aureus induced cell death. Methods In keeping with this idea an in vitro study has been done to examine the effect of Riboflavin along with antibiotics on phagocytosis, hydorgen peroxide, superoxide production, antioxidant enzyme levels, and cytokine levels in mouse macrophages for amelioration of the Staphylococcus aureus burden. The immune boosting effects of Riboflavin have been validated through perturbations of redox homeostasis and pro-inflammatory cytokines measurements. Results It was observed that the supplementation of Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin) not only enhances macrophage function as previously reported but also decreases pro-inflammatory responses in Staphylococcus aureus infected macrophages. The observed influence of Riboflavin on enhanced antimicrobial effects such as enhanced phagocytosis of macrophages exposed to S. aureus, hydrogen peroxide or superoxide production when combined with either ciprofloxacin (CIP) or Azithromycin (AZM) and decrease in pro-inflammatory responses of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β. Riboflavin treatment also decreased NO and TNF-α level possibly by inhibiting the NF-κβ pathway. The increased antioxidant enzymes like glutathione reductase, SOD and GSH level helped in maintaining a stable redox state in the cell. Conclusion Riboflavin plus antibiotic pretreatment not only enhances macrophage functions but also decreases proinflammatory responses in Staphylococcus aureus infected macrophages indicating better bacterial clearance and regulated inflammation which may be considered as a novel and important therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somrita Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta, 700009 West Bengal India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta, 700009 West Bengal India
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Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Prakash M, Apostolopoulos V. The effects of vitamin B on the immune/cytokine network and their involvement in depression. Maturitas 2016; 96:58-71. [PMID: 28041597 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that there are various interactions between the nervous system and the immune system, and that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) have been implicated in the neurobiological manifestations of depression. The immune/cytokine network has a powerful influence on the brain. In addition, deficiency in B vitamins has been linked to depression. Hence, greater knowledge of how immune cells change in the presence of vitamin B derivatives could improve understanding of how immune changes may correlate with depression, all of which are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mikkelsen
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Monica Prakash
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
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Itkin M, Davidovich-Rikanati R, Cohen S, Portnoy V, Doron-Faigenboim A, Oren E, Freilich S, Tzuri G, Baranes N, Shen S, Petreikov M, Sertchook R, Ben-Dor S, Gottlieb H, Hernandez A, Nelson DR, Paris HS, Tadmor Y, Burger Y, Lewinsohn E, Katzir N, Schaffer A. The biosynthetic pathway of the nonsugar, high-intensity sweetener mogroside V from Siraitia grosvenorii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7619-28. [PMID: 27821754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604828113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sweeteners, natural as well as synthetic sugars, is implicated in an array of modern-day health problems. Therefore, natural nonsugar sweeteners are of increasing interest. We identify here the biosynthetic pathway of the sweet triterpenoid glycoside mogroside V, which has a sweetening strength of 250 times that of sucrose and is derived from mature fruit of luo-han-guo (Siraitia grosvenorii, monk fruit). A whole-genome sequencing of Siraitia, leading to a preliminary draft of the genome, was combined with an extensive transcriptomic analysis of developing fruit. A functional expression survey of nearly 200 candidate genes identified the members of the five enzyme families responsible for the synthesis of mogroside V: squalene epoxidases, triterpenoid synthases, epoxide hydrolases, cytochrome P450s, and UDP-glucosyltransferases. Protein modeling and docking studies corroborated the experimentally proven functional enzyme activities and indicated the order of the metabolic steps in the pathway. A comparison of the genomic organization and expression patterns of these Siraitia genes with the orthologs of other Cucurbitaceae implicates a strikingly coordinated expression of the pathway in the evolution of this species-specific and valuable metabolic pathway. The genomic organization of the pathway genes, syntenously preserved among the Cucurbitaceae, indicates, on the other hand, that gene clustering cannot account for this novel secondary metabolic pathway.
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Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Tangalakis K, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V. Cognitive decline: A vitamin B perspective. Maturitas 2016; 93:108-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Moschonis G, van den Heuvel EGHM, Mavrogianni C, Singh-Povel CM, Leotsinidis M, Manios Y. Associations of Milk Consumption and Vitamin B₂ and Β 12 Derived from Milk with Fitness, Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in Children. The Healthy Growth Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100634. [PMID: 27754376 PMCID: PMC5084021 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of dairy consumption seem to extend beyond its significant contribution to ensuring nutrient intake adequacy as indicated by the favourable associations with several health outcomes reported by different studies. The aims of the present study were to examine the associations of milk consumption with fitness, anthropometric and biochemical indices in children and further explore whether the observed associations are attributed to vitamins B₂ and B12 derived from milk. A representative subsample of 600 children aged 9-13 years participating in the Healthy Growth Study was examined. Data were collected on children's dietary intake, using 24 h recalls, as well as on fitness, anthropometric and biochemical indices. Regression analyses were performed for investigating the research hypothesis, adjusting for potential confounders and for B-vitamin status indices (i.e., plasma riboflavin, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations), dietary calcium intake and plasma zinc concentrations that could possibly act as effect modifiers. Milk consumption was positively associated with the number of stages performed in the endurance run test (ERT) (β = 0.10; p = 0.017) and negatively with body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.10; p = 0.014), after adjusting for several potential confounders and effect modifiers. Dietary intakes of vitamin B₂ and B12 derived from milk were also positively associated with the number of ERT stages (β = 0.10; p = 0.015 and β = 0.10; p = 0.014 respectively). In conclusion, higher intake of milk as well as vitamin B₂ and B12 derived from milk were independently associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in Greek preadolescents. The key roles of these B-vitamins in substrate oxidation, energy production, haemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis could provide a basis for interpreting these associations. However, further research is needed to confirm this potential interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
- EnviNHealth S.A., Platonos 34, Moschato, 18345 Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Cécile M Singh-Povel
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, Post Box 1551, 3800 BN Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Michalis Leotsinidis
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
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Abstract
Statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have dominated the market for many years for achievement of recommended levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, a substantial number of high-risk patients are unable to achieve the LDL-C goal. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) has recently emerged as a new, promising key therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia. PCSK9 is a protease involved in chaperoning the low-density lipoprotein receptor to the process of degradation. PCSK9 inhibitors and statins effectively lower LDL-C. The PCSK9 inhibitors decrease the degradation of the LDL receptors, whereas statins mainly interfere with the synthetic machinery of cholesterol by inhibiting the key rate limiting enzyme, the HMG CoA reductase. PCSK9 inhibitors are currently being developed as monoclonal antibodies for their primary use in lowering LDL-C. They may be especially useful for patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, who at present receive minimal benefit from traditional statin therapy. The monoclonal antibody PCSK9 inhibitors, recently granted FDA approval, show the most promising safety and efficacy profile compared to other, newer LDL-C lowering therapies. This review will primarily focus on the safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibody PCSK9 inhibitors in comparison to statins. The review will also address new, alternative PCSK9 targeting drug classes such as small molecules, gene silencing agents, apolipoprotein B antisense oligonucleotides, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Della Badia
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | | | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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Bays H, Kothari SN, Azagury DE, Morton JM, Nguyen NT, Jones PH, Jacobson TA, Cohen DE, Orringer C, Westman EC, Horn DB, Scinta W, Primack C. Lipids and bariatric procedures Part 2 of 2: scientific statement from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS), the National Lipid Association (NLA), and Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) 1. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016; 12:468-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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