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Arra A, Lingel H, Pierau M, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. PD-1 limits differentiation and plasticity of Tc17 cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104730. [PMID: 37205114 PMCID: PMC10186197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blockade of surface co-inhibitory receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1; CD279) has been established as an important immunotherapeutic approach to treat malignancies. On a cellular level, PD-1 is demonstrated to be of particular importance in inhibiting differentiation and effector function of cytotoxic Tc1 cells (CTLs). Nevertheless, the role of PD-1 in modulating interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD8+ T-cells (Tc17 cells), which generally display suppressed cytotoxic nature, is not well understood. To evaluate the impact of PD-1 in Tc17 responses, we examined its functioning using different in vitro and in vivo models. Upon activation of CD8+ T-cells in Tc17 environment, we found that PD-1 was rapidly expressed on the surface of CD8+ T-cells and triggered a T-cell-internal mechanism that inhibited the expression of IL-17 and Tc17-supporting transcription factors pSTAT3 and RORγt. Expression of type17-polarising cytokine IL-21 and the receptor for IL-23 were also suppressed. Intriguingly, adoptively transferred, PD-1-/- Tc17 cells were highly efficient in rejection of established B16 melanoma in vivo and displayed Tc1 like characteristics ex vivo. When using IL-17A-eGFP reporter mice for in vitro fate tracking, IL-17A-eGFP expressing cells lacking PD-1 signaling upon re-stimulation with IL-12 quickly acquired Tc1 characteristics such as IFN-γ, and granzyme B expression, implicating lineage independent upregulation of CTL-characteristics that are needed for tumor control. In line with plasticity characteristics, absence of PD-1 signaling in Tc17 cells increased the expression of the stemness and persistence-associated molecules TCF1 and BCL6. Thus, PD-1 plays a central role in the specific suppression of Tc17 differentiation and its plasticity in relation to CTL-driven tumor rejection, which provides further explanation as to why the blockade of PD-1 is such an efficient therapeutic target for inducing tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Arra
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lingel
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Pierau
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl,
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Kondoh N, Mizuno-Kamiya M. The Role of Immune Modulatory Cytokines in the Tumor Microenvironments of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122884. [PMID: 35740551 PMCID: PMC9221278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant phenotypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of immune modulatory cytokines associated with tumor microenvironments (TMEs). We first present the immune modulatory effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro- and anti- (pro-/anti-) inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. We then report our evaluation of the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumors and stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. Several chemokines mediate lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. There are therapeutic approaches, using antitumoral cytokines or immunotherapies, that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. Finally, modulation by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in HNSCC phenotypes and the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients are discussed. Abstract HNSCCs are the major progressive malignancy of the upper digestive and respiratory organs. Malignant phenotypes of HNSCCs are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of the immune modulatory cytokines associated with TMEs, i.e., a representative pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, plays a role as an anti-tumor regulator against HNSCCs; however, IFN-γ also drives programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 expression to promote cancer stem cells. Interleukin (IL)-2 promotes the cytotoxic activity of T cells and natural killer cells; however, endogenous IL-2 can promote regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in the protection of HNSCCs. In this report, we first classified and mentioned the immune modulatory aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. In the TME of HNSCCs, pro-tumoral immune modulation is mediated by stromal cells, including CAFs, MDSCs, pDCs, and TAMs. Therefore, we evaluated the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells. In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. We therefore evaluated the possibility of chemokines mediating lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. We also mention therapeutic approaches using anti-tumoral cytokines or immunotherapies that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. We finally discuss modulation by HPV infection upon HNSCC phenotypes, as well as the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-329-1416; Fax: +81-58-329-1417
| | - Masako Mizuno-Kamiya
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Business Administration, Asahi University School of Business Administration, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan;
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3
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Chen YS, Huang TH, Liu CL, Chen HS, Lee MH, Chen HW, Shen CR. Locally Targeting the IL-17/IL-17RA Axis Reduced Tumor Growth in a Murine B16F10 Melanoma Model. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:273-285. [PMID: 30079767 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 and the cells that produce it within the tumor microenvironment appear to promote tumor development and are associated with survival in cancer patients. Here we investigated the role of the IL-17/IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) axis in regulating melanoma progression and evaluated the therapeutic potential of blocking the IL-17/IL-17RA pathway. First, recombinant mouse IL-17 (γmIL-17) treatment significantly increased proliferation of mouse B16F10 cells and human A375 and A2058 cells. Silencing IL-17RA by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) in B16F10 cells reduced the γmIL-17-elicited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase production. Remarkably, knockdown of IL-17RA led to a significantly decreased capability of B16F10 cells to form tumors in vivo, similar to that in IL-17-deficient mice. Finally, local application of an adenovirus delivering a shRNA against IL-17RA mRNA not only significantly suppressed tumor development, but also enhanced antitumor immunity by increasing the interferon γ-expressing T cells and not T regulatory cells. Our results highlight the critical role of the IL-17/IL-17RA pathway in tumor progression and imply that targeting IL-17RA represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shan Chen
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- 3 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,4 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Lin Liu
- 5 College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,6 Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Shan Chen
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Hua Lee
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- 7 National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.,8 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,9 Department of Ophthalmology, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,10 Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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4
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Flores-Santibáñez F, Cuadra B, Fernández D, Rosemblatt MV, Núñez S, Cruz P, Gálvez-Cancino F, Cárdenas JC, Lladser A, Rosemblatt M, Bono MR, Sauma D. In Vitro-Generated Tc17 Cells Present a Memory Phenotype and Serve As a Reservoir of Tc1 Cells In Vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:209. [PMID: 29472932 PMCID: PMC5809442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells are ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapy because they can mediate long-term protection against tumors. However, the therapeutic potential of different in vitro-generated CD8+ T cell effector subsets to persist and become memory cells has not been fully characterized. Type 1 CD8+ T (Tc1) cells produce interferon-γ and are endowed with high cytotoxic capacity, whereas IL-17-producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cells are less cytotoxic but display enhanced self-renewal capacity. We sought to evaluate the functional properties of in vitro-generated Tc17 cells and elucidate their potential to become long lasting memory cells. Our results show that in vitro-generated Tc17 cells display a greater in vivo persistence and expansion in response to secondary antigen stimulation compared to Tc1 cells. When transferred into recipient mice, Tc17 cells persist in secondary lymphoid organs, present a recirculation behavior consistent with central memory T cells, and can shift to a Tc1 phenotype. Accordingly, Tc17 cells are endowed with a higher mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity than Tc1 cells and express higher levels of memory-related molecules than Tc1 cells. Together, these results demonstrate that in vitro-generated Tc17 cells acquire a central memory program and provide a lasting reservoir of Tc1 cells in vivo, thus supporting the use of Tc17 lymphocytes in the design of novel and more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Cuadra
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Fernández
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana V Rosemblatt
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah Núñez
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - J César Cárdenas
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | | | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Lee MH, Tung-Chieh Chang J, Liao CT, Chen YS, Kuo ML, Shen CR. Interleukin 17 and peripheral IL-17-expressing T cells are negatively correlated with the overall survival of head and neck cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9825-37. [PMID: 29515773 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and clinical significance of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-17-expressing cells have recently been studied in several types of cancer, but their correlation to tumor development remains controversial. Additionally, the contribution of peripheral IL-17-expressing cells to head and neck cancer (HNC) progression is still poorly understood. We collected peripheral blood from healthy donors and HNC patients to isolate PBMCs. The percentages of IL-17-expressing cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs were measured to determine their association with clinical outcomes and overall survival in HNC. We evaluated the effect and potential mechanism of IL-17 on human oral squamous carcinomas in vitro using exogenous IL-17 stimulation. In comparison to healthy donors, the PBMCs of HNC patients have a significant accumulation of IL-17-expressing T cells and their frequencies were positively correlated with the disease stage. A significantly higher production of PBMC IL-17, TGF-β and IL-21 and plasma VEGF-A were found in HNC patients. Importantly, the 5-years overall survival of HNC patients with a higher percentage of IL-17-expressing cells is significantly decreased. Furthermore, the addition of IL-17 appeared to promote human oral squamous carcinoma cell proliferation via the production of IL-6 and VEGF-A. Our findings suggest that IL-17 has the potential to mediate pro-tumor immunity in the HNC tumor microenvironment. Enhanced IL-17-expressing cells, including Th17 and Tc17 cells, in the peripheral blood could be a significant predictor of a poor prognosis for HNC patients.
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6
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Chellappa S, Hugenschmidt H, Hagness M, Subramani S, Melum E, Line PD, Labori KJ, Wiedswang G, Taskén K, Aandahl EM. CD8+ T Cells That Coexpress RORγt and T-bet Are Functionally Impaired and Expand in Patients with Distal Bile Duct Cancer. J Immunol 2017; 198:1729-1739. [PMID: 28053236 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells that express retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt (TC17 cells) have been shown to promote procarcinogenic inflammation and contribute to a tolerogenic microenvironment in tumors. We investigated their phenotype and functional properties in relationship to the pathogenesis of human distal bile duct cancer (DBDC). DBDC patients had an elevated level of type 17 immune responses and the frequency of CD8+RORγt+ T cells (TC17 cells) was increased in peripheral blood. The CD8+RORγt+ T cells represented a highly activated subset and produced IL-17A in equal amount as CD4+RORγt+ T cells (TH17 cells). Most CD8+RORγt+ T cells coexpressed T-bet, a lineage transcription factor for TH1 and TC1 development, suggesting that CD8+RORγt+ T cells undergo plasticity toward a TC17/1-like phenotype with coproduction of IL-17A and INF-γ. In comparison with CD8+RORγt- T cells, the CD8+RORγt+ T cells had a higher level of TCR signaling and were terminally differentiated and exhausted. These cells also had impaired ability to re-express perforin after degranulation and reduced cytotoxic immune function. A subset of CD8+RORγt+ T cells expressing a low level of programmed cell death protein 1 and a high level of OX40 were associated with reduced patient survival. In conclusion, CD8+RORγt+ T cells are proinflammatory and functionally impaired and may contribute to the pathogenesis of DBDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stalin Chellappa
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Biotechnology Center, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Hugenschmidt
- Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Hagness
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Biotechnology Center, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Saranya Subramani
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Dag Line
- Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut-Jørgen Labori
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro Wiedswang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0317 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Biotechnology Center, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway; .,Biotechnology Center, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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7
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Muir R, Osbourn M, Dubois AV, Doran E, Small DM, Monahan A, O'Kane CM, McAllister K, Fitzgerald DC, Kissenpfennig A, McAuley DF, Ingram RJ. Innate Lymphoid Cells Are the Predominant Source of IL-17A during the Early Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:407-16. [PMID: 26488187 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1782oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE IL-17A is purported to help drive early pathogenesis in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by enhancing neutrophil recruitment. Although IL-17A is the archetypal cytokine of T-helper 17 cells, it is produced by a number of lymphocytes, the source during ARDS being unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify the cellular source and the role of IL-17A in the early phase of lung injury. METHODS Lung injury was induced in wild-type (C57BL/6) and IL-17 knockout (KO) mice with aerosolized LPS (100 μg) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Detailed phenotyping of the cells expressing RORγt, the transcriptional regulator of IL-17 production, in the mouse lung at 24 hours was performed by flow cytometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A 100-fold reduction in neutrophil infiltration was observed in the lungs of the IL-17A KO compared with wild-type mice. The majority of RORγt(+) cells in the mouse lung were the recently identified group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Detailed characterization revealed these pulmonary ILC3s (pILC3s) to be discrete from those described in the gut. The critical role of these cells was verified by inducing injury in recombinase-activating gene 2 KO mice, which lack T cells but retain innate lymphoid cells. No amelioration of pathology was observed in the recombinase-activating gene 2 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS IL-17 is rapidly produced during lung injury and significantly contributes to early immunopathogenesis. This is orchestrated largely by a distinct population of pILC3s. Modulation of the activity of pILC3s may potentiate early control of the inflammatory dysregulation seen in ARDS, opening up new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshell Muir
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Megan Osbourn
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Alice V Dubois
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Emma Doran
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Donna M Small
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Avril Monahan
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Cecilia M O'Kane
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Katherine McAllister
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Denise C Fitzgerald
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and.,2 Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Ingram
- 1 Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
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8
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Chen HW, Tsai JP, Yao TY, Hsieh CL, Chen IH, Liu SJ. TGF-β and IL-21 cooperatively stimulate activated CD8(+) T cells to differentiate into Tc17 cells. Immunol Lett 2016; 174:23-7. [PMID: 27085379 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β together with IL-21 or IL-6 can drive the differentiation of naïve CD8(+) T cells into IL-17-producing CD8(+) T cells. These IL-17-producing CD8(+) T cells are termed Tc17 cells. Tc17 cells preserve plasticity under various conditions in vitro and in vivo. IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells are termed Tc1 cells. However, Tc1 cells are considered relatively stable. In the present study, we show that the combination of TGF-β plus IL-21, but not IL-6, converts Tc1 cells into Tc17 cells; this conversion is associated with elevated RORα, RORγt, and Batf mRNA levels. These results indicate that Tc1 cells are skewed to the Tc17 cell phenotype under TGF-β plus IL-21-polarizing conditions. Furthermore, IL-6R is expressed on naïve, but not activated, CD8(+) T cells. In contrast, IL-21R is expressed on both naïve and activated CD8(+) T cells. Thus, differential expression profiles of IL-6R and IL-21R on naïve and activated CD8(+) T cells may be one mechanism by which TGF-β plus IL-21, but not IL-6, can drive activated CD8(+) T cells to differentiate into IL-17-producing cells. Taken together, these results provide a novel viewpoint for the plasticity of Tc1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jy-Ping Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-You Yao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hua Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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9
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Haghshenas MR, Khademi B, Faghih Z, Ghaderi A, Erfani N. Immune regulatory cells and IL17-producing lymphocytes in patients with benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Immunol Lett 2015; 164:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Zhou H, Hua W, Jin Y, Zhang C, Che L, Xia L, Zhou J, Chen Z, Li W, Shen H. Tc17 cells are associated with cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and emphysema. Respirology 2015; 20:426-33. [PMID: 25677967 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Wen Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Luanqing Che
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Lixia Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jiesen Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The involvement of IL-17-producing CD8(+)T cells (TC17) in various conditions, such as infection, cancer and autoimmune inflammation, has been documented in both humans and mice; however, TC17 cells have received only marginal attention. AREAS COVERED Here, we provide an overview of the cytokines, chemokines, and cytokine and chemokine receptors that characterize the murine and human TC17 cell phenotype. We also discuss signaling pathways, molecular interactions, and transcriptional and epigenetic events that contribute to TC17 differentiation and acquisition of effector functions. Heterogeneity and inherent phenotypic instability of TC17 cells were shown both in humans and murine models. Aberrant expression of TC17 cells was observed in many autoimmune conditions. Moreover, functional analysis demonstrated in vivo plasticity of TC17 cells may be a key feature of TC17 cell biology in autoimmune diseases. EXPERT OPINION Due to its important roles in inflammation and autoimmunity, TC17 cell pathway may have promise as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. The strategies include the suppression of TC17 cell generation and migration and the blockade of TC17 cell instability and heterogeneity. TMP778 may open an avenue to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Anhui Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032 , PR China . +86 551 65167726 ; +86 551 65161171 ;
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Abstract
Tc17 cells-a subset of CD8(+)T cells-have recently been identified that are characterized by the production of interleukin (IL)-17. Cytokines IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and transcription factors signaling transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma (RORγt), and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)4 are necessary for differentiation of Tc17 cells, controlling expression of molecules essential for Tc17 cell trafficking and function. Current human researches have determined the significance of CD161 expression as either a marker of Tc17 cells or as an effector and regulator of Tc17 cell function. Noncytotoxic Tc17 cells possess a high plasticity to convert into IFN-γ producing cells, which exhibit strong cytotoxic activity. The importance of in vivo plasticity of Tc17 cells for the induction of autoimmune diseases has been demonstrated and Tc17 cells potentially represent novel therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. The involvement of interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD8(+)T cells (Tc17) in various conditions, such as infection, cancer, and autoimmune inflammation, has been documented in both humans and mice; however, Tc17 cells have received only marginal attention. Here, we provide an overview of the cytokines and chemokines that characterize the murine and human Tc17 cells. Moreover, we discuss signaling pathways, molecular interactions, and transcriptional events that contribute to Tc17 differentiation and acquisition of effector functions. Also considered is the basis of Tc17 cell plasticity toward the Tc1 lineage, and we suggest that in vivo plasticity of Tc17 cells may be a key feature of Tc17 cell biology in autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, current human researches have revealed that Tc17 cells are different than that in mice because all of them express CD161 and exclusively originate from CD161 precursors present in umbilical cord blood. Finally, we focus on the recent evidence for long-lived Tc17 memory cell populations in mouse models and humans, and their functional roles in mediating disease memory. Hopefully, the information obtained will benefit for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui , China
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Pick J, Arra A, Lingel H, Hegel JK, Huber M, Nishanth G, Jorch G, Fischer KD, Schlüter D, Tedford K, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. CTLA-4 (CD152) enhances the Tc17 differentiation program. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2139-52. [PMID: 24723371 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although CD8(+) T cells that produce IL-17 (Tc17 cells) have been linked to host defense, Tc17 cells show reduced cytotoxic activity, which is the characteristic function of CD8(+) T cells. Here, we show that CTLA-4 enhances the frequency of IL-17 in CD8(+) T cells, indicating that CTLA-4 (CD152) specifically promotes Tc17 differentiation. Simultaneous stimulation of CTLA-4(+/+) and CTLA-4(-/-) T cells in cocultures and agonistic CTLA-4 stimulation unambiguously revealed a cell-intrinsic mechanism for IL-17 control by CTLA-4. The quality of CTLA-4-induced Tc17 cells was tested in vivo, utilizing infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Unlike CTLA-4(+/+) Tc17 cells, CTLA-4(-/-) were nearly as efficient as Tc1 CTLA-4(+/+) cells in LM clearance. Additionally, adoptively transferred CTLA-4(-/-) Tc17 cells expressed granzyme B after rechallenge, and produced Tc1 cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, which strongly correlate with bacterial clearance. CTLA-4(+/+) Tc17 cells demonstrated a high-quality Tc17 differentiation program ex vivo, which was also evident in isolated IL-17-secreting Tc17 cells, with CTLA-4-mediated enhanced upregulation of Tc17-related molecules such as IL-17A, RORγt, and IRF-4. Our results show that CTLA-4 promotes Tc17 differentiation that results in robust Tc17 responses. Its inactivation might therefore represent a central therapeutic target to enhance clearance of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Pick
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Rubino SJ, Geddes K, Magalhaes JG, Streutker C, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE. Constitutive induction of intestinal Tc17 cells in the absence of hematopoietic cell-specific MHC class II expression. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2896-906. [PMID: 23881368 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium induces a mucosal IL-17 response in CD4(+) T helper (Th17) cells that is dependent on the Nod-like receptors Nod1 and Nod2. Here, we sought to determine whether this early Th17 response required antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) for full induction. At early phases of C. rodentium infection, we observed that the intestinal mucosal Th17 response was fully blunted in irradiated mice reconstituted with MHCII-deficient (MHCII(-/-) →WT) hematopoietic cells. Surprisingly, we also observed a substantial increase in the relative frequency of IL-17(+) CD8(+) CD4(-) TCR-β(+) cells (Tc17 cells) and FOXP3(+) CD8(+) CD4(-) TCR-β(+) cells in the lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment of MHCII(-/-) →WT mice compared with that in WT→WT counterparts. Moreover, MHCII(-/-) →WT mice displayed increased susceptibility, increased bacterial translocation to deeper organs, and more severe colonic histopathology after infection with C. rodentium. Finally, a similar phenotype was observed in mice deficient for CIITA, a transcriptional regulator of MHCII expression. Together, these results indicate that MHCII is required to mount early mucosal Th17 responses to an enteric pathogen, and that MHCII regulates the induction of atypical CD8(+) T-cell subsets, such as Tc17 cells and FOXP3(+) CD8(+) cells, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Rubino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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