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Tao CY, Wu XL, Song SS, Tang Z, Zhou YF, Tian MX, Jiang XF, Fang Y, Zhu GQ, Huang R, Qu WF, Gao J, Chu TH, Yang R, Chen JF, Zhao QF, Ding ZB, Dai Z, Zhou J, Liu WR, Shi YH, Fan J. Downregulation of GPX8 in hepatocellular carcinoma: impact on tumor stemness and migration. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00934-w. [PMID: 38607517 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE GPX8, which is found in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, is a member of the Glutathione Peroxidases (GPXs) family. Its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein levels of GPX8 in HCC tissue microarrays. A short hairpin RNA lentivirus was used to knock down GPX8, and the main signaling pathways were investigated using transcriptome sequencing and a phosphorylated kinase array. The sphere formation assays, cloning-formation assays and cell migration assays were used to evaluate the stemness and migration ability of HCC cells. Identifying the GPX8-interacting proteins was accomplished through immunoprecipitation and protein mass spectrometry. RESULTS The GPX8 protein levels were downregulated in HCC patients. Low expression of GPX8 protein was related to early recurrence and poor prognosis in HCC patients. GPX8 knockdown could enhance the stemness and migration ability of HCC cells. Consistently, Based on transcriptome analysis, multiple signaling pathways that include the PI3K-AKT and signaling pathways that regulate the pluripotency of stem cells, were activated after GPX8 knockdown. The downregulation of GPX8 could increase the expression of the tumor stemness markers KLF4, OCT4, and CD133. The in vivo downregulation of GPX8 could also promote the subcutaneous tumor-forming and migration ability of HCC cells. MK-2206, which is a small-molecule inhibitor of AKT, could reverse the tumor-promoting effects both in vivo and in vitro. We discovered that GPX8 and the 71-kDa heat shock cognate protein (Hsc70) have a direct interaction. The phosphorylation of AKT encouraged the translocation of Hsc70 into the nucleus and the expression of the PI3K p110 subunit, thereby increasing the downregulation of GPX8. CONCLUSION The findings from this study demonstrate the anticancer activity of GPX8 in HCC by inactivating the Hsc70/AKT pathway. The results suggest a possible therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Tao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Shu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Fu Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xin Tian
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Fei Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Qi Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Run Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Feng Qu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Hao Chu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Feng Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Fu Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Bin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Keng VW, Chiu AP, To JC, Li XX, Linden MA, Amin K, Moriarity BS, Yusa K. Transposon delivery for CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen in mice identifies NF2 as a cooperating gene involved with the canonical WNT signaling molecular class of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18774. [PMID: 37576222 PMCID: PMC10412851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various molecular subclasses of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exists, with many novel cooperating oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in its tumorigenesis. The emerging importance of WNT signaling in HCC has been established. However, the intricate genetic mechanisms involved in this complex signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. Importantly, while some cooperating genes have been identified, there are still many unknown genes associated with catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1)-induced HCC. Mutations in both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are required for HCC tumorigenesis. The emergence of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has allowed researchers now to target both alleles efficiently. In this novel study, the Sleeping Beauty transposon system was used as a gene delivery system in vivo to stably integrate an expression cassette that carry pools of gRNAs and overexpress a mutant version of CTNNB1 into the hepatocyte genome. We identified 206 candidate genes that drive HCC tumorigenesis in the context of WNT signaling activation and, neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene, a known tumor suppressor gene with clinical relevance was validated in this proof-of-principle study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W. Keng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy P. Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeffrey C. To
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Michael A. Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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Lioulia E, Mokos P, Panteris E, Dafou D. UBE2T promotes β-catenin nuclear translocation in hepatocellular carcinoma through MAPK/ERK-dependent activation. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1694-1713. [PMID: 34614271 PMCID: PMC9019890 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) has been implicated in many types of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays a fundamental role during tumor metastasis and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EMT in HCC in accordance with UBE2T still remain unknown. In this study, we showed that UBE2T overexpression augmented the oncogenic properties and specifically EMT in HCC cell lines, while its silencing attenuated them. UBE2T affected the activation of EMT‐associated signaling pathways: MAPK/ERK, AKT/mTOR, and Wnt/β‐catenin. In addition, we revealed that the epithelial protein complex of E‐cadherin/β‐catenin, a vital regulator of signal transduction in tumor initiation and progression, was totally disrupted at the cell membrane. In particular, we observed that UBE2T overexpression led to E‐cadherin loss accompanied by a simultaneous elevation of both cytoplasmic and nuclear β‐catenin, while its silencing resulted in a strong E‐cadherin turnover at the cell membrane. Interestingly, chemical inhibition of the MAPK/ERK, AKT/mTOR, and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways demonstrated that the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and subsequent EMT was enhanced mainly by MAPK/ERK. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the UBE2T/MAPK‐ERK/β‐catenin axis as a critical regulator of cell state transition and EMT in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Lioulia
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Mokos
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Dafou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mroweh M, Roth G, Decaens T, Marche PN, Lerat H, Macek Jílková Z. Targeting Akt in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1794. [PMID: 33670268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its incidence is rising. HCC develops almost exclusively on the background of chronic liver inflammation, which can be caused by chronic alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis, or an unhealthy diet. The key role of chronic inflammation in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, including in the deregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, has been demonstrated. The inhibition of Akt (also known as Protein Kinase B) directly affects cancer cells, but this therapeutic strategy also exhibits indirect anti-tumor activity mediated by the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, as demonstrated by using Akt inhibitors AZD5363, MK-2206, or ARQ 092. Moreover, the isoforms of Akt converge and diverge in their designated roles, but the currently available Akt inhibitors fail to display an isoform specificity. Thus, selective Akt inhibition needs to be better explored in the context of HCC and its possible combination with immunotherapy. This review presents a compact overview of the current knowledge concerning the role of Akt in HCC and the effect of Akt inhibition on the HCC and liver tumor microenvironment.
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van Elsas MJ, van Hall T, van der Burg SH. Future Challenges in Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E935. [PMID: 32290124 PMCID: PMC7226490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell transfer and therapeutic cancer vaccines, have shown promising response rates in clinical trials. Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of patients in which initially regressing tumors start to regrow due to an immunotherapy-driven acquired resistance. Studies on the underlying mechanisms reveal that these can be similar to well-known tumor intrinsic and extrinsic primary resistance factors that precluded the majority of patients from responding to immunotherapy in the first place. Here, we discuss primary and secondary immune resistance and point at strategies to identify potential new mechanisms of immune evasion. Ultimately, this may lead to improved immunotherapy strategies with improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sjoerd H. van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.J.v.E.); (T.v.H.)
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6
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Riedel R, Pérez-Pérez A, Carmona-Fernández A, Jaime M, Casale R, Dueñas JL, Guadix P, Sánchez-Margalet V, Varone CL, Maymó JL. Human amniotic membrane conditioned medium inhibits proliferation and modulates related microRNAs expression in hepatocarcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14193. [PMID: 31578445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The placental stem cells have called the focus of attention for their therapeutic potential to treat different diseases, including cancer. There is plenty evidence about the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and proapoptotic properties of the amniotic membrane. Liver cancer is the fifth cause of cancer in the world, with a poor prognosis and survival. Alternative treatments to radio- or chemotherapy have been searched. In this work we aimed to study the antiproliferative properties of the human amniotic membrane conditioned medium (AM-CM) in hepatocarcinoma cells. In addition, we have analyzed the regulation of pro and antiOncomiRs expression involved in hepatocarcinoma physiology. We have determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay that AM-CM inhibits DNA synthesis in HepG2 cells after 72 h of treatment. AM-CM pure or diluted at 50% and 25% also diminished HepG2 and HuH-7 cells viability and cell number. Furthermore, AM-CM induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M. When proliferation mechanisms were analyzed we found that AM-CM reduced the expression of both Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein. Nuclear expression of Ki-67 was also reduced. We observed that this CM was able to promote the expression of p53 and p21 mRNA and proteins, leading to cell growth arrest. Moreover, AM-CM induced an increase in nuclear p21 localization, observed by immunofluorescence. As p53 levels were increased, Mdm-2 expression was downregulated. Interestingly, HepG2 and HuH-7 cells treatment with AM-CM during 24 and 72 h produced an upregulation of antiOncomiRs 15a and 210, and a downregulation of proOncomiRs 206 and 145. We provide new evidence about the promising novel applications of human amniotic membrane in liver cancer.
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Duan J, He Y, Fu X, Deng Y, Zheng M, Lu D. CDK7 activated beta-catenin/TCF signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:461-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sun Y, Lan M, Chen X, Dai Y, Zhao X, Wang L, Zhao T, Li Y, Zhu J, Zhang X, Jiang H, Wu X, Chen C, Zhang T, Yan Z. Anti-invasion and anti-metastasis effects of Valjatrate E via reduction of matrix metalloproteinases expression and suppression of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:817-824. [PMID: 29703569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Valjatrate E is an iridoid compound extracted from Valeriana jatamansi Jones herb and is the active ingredient in antitumor activity. Here, we reported its action on tumor invasion and metastasis in the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, aiming at a better understanding of the potential mechanism of action of Valjatrate E. HepG2 cells were treated with Valjatrate E at different concentrations. Wound healing assay and transwell chamber assay were used to determine the effects of Valjatrate E on the migration and invasiveness of HepG2 cells, respectively. Moreover, homogeneity and heterotypic adhesion experiments evaluated the adhesion property of HepG2 cells. The molecular mechanisms by which Valjatrate E inhibited the invasion and migration of HepG2 cells were investigated by gelatin zymography experiment and western blot. Treatment with Valjatrate E inhibited the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. It achieved this by reducing the expression of matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9), by inhibition of heterogeneous adhesion ability, by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling via inhibiting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK). Taken together, these findings provide new evidence that mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting invasion and metastasis in HepG2 cells through p-ERK, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway may be a therapeutic target for tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Ming Lan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Xiu Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Yaolan Dai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - XiaoQin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - LiWen Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - TingTing Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - YongBiao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Jiali Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - HeZhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - XiaoQing Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Tiane Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
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Bhullar KS, Jha A, Rupasinghe HPV. Novel carbocyclic curcumin analog CUR3d modulates genes involved in multiple apoptosis pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:107-22. [PMID: 26409325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer activity of a novel curcumin analog (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclopentanone (CUR3d) was studied using a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). The results showed that CUR3d completely inhibits the tumor cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CUR3d at 100 μmol/L activated the pro-apoptotic caspase-3 along with downregulation of anti-apoptotic BIRC5 and Bcl2. CUR3d treatment controlled the cancer cell growth by downregulating the expression of PI3K/Akt (Akt1, Akt2) pathway along with NF-κB. CUR3d down-regulated the members of epidermal growth receptor family (EGFR, ERBB3, ERBB2) and insulin like growth receptors (IGF1, IGF-1R, IGF2). This correlated with the downregulation of G-protein (RHOA, RHOB) and RAS (ATF2, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS) pathway signaling. CUR3d also arrested cell cycle via inhibition of CDK2, CDK4, CDK5, CDK9, MDM2, MDM4 and TERT genes. Cell cycle essential aurora kinases (AURKα, AURKβ) and polo-like kinases (PLK1, PLK2, PLK3) were also modulated by CUR3d. Topoisomerases (TOP2α, TOP2β), important factors in cancer cell immortality, as well as HIF-1α were downregulated following CUR3d treatment. The expression of protein kinase-C family (PRKC-A, PRKC-D, PRKC-E) was also attenuated by CUR3d. The downregulation of histone deacetylases (Class I, II, IV) and PARP I further strengthened the anticancer efficacy of CUR3d. Downregulation of carcinogenic cathepsins (CTSB, CTSD) and heat shock proteins exhibited CUR3d's potency as a potential immunological adjuvant. Finally, the non-toxic manifestation of CUR3d in healthy liver and lung cells along with downregulation of drug resistant gene ABCC1 further warrant need for advance investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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10
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Lee SH, Nam HJ, Kang HJ, Samuels TL, Johnston N, Lim YC. Valproic acid suppresses the self-renewal and proliferation of head and neck cancer stem cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2065-71. [PMID: 26239260 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cancer cells present profound epigenetic alterations in addition to featuring classic genetic mutations. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, can potently inhibit tumor growth and induce differentiation. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of VPA on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain unclear. In the present study we investigated the effects of VPA on the characteristics of HNSCC CSCs in vitro and in vivo. As a result, VPA inhibited the self-renewal abilities of HNSCC CSCs during two serial passages and decreased the expression of stem cell markers, such as Oct4, Sox2 and CD44. VPA also potentiated the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by suppressing the ABCC2 and ABCC6 transporters as well as by inducing caspase-mediated apoptosis. In addition, the combination of VPA and cisplatin attenuated tumor growth and induced apoptosis in a xenograft model. Our results suggest that VPA might be a potential therapeutic strategy in combination with conventional cisplatin for HNSCC patients by elimination of CSC traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Nam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tina L Samuels
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nikki Johnston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Young Chang Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Dang Y, Zhang J, Yan W, Zhai W, Chen H, Li K, Tong L, Gao X, Amjad A, Ji L, Jing T, Jiang Z, Shi K, Yao L, Song D, Liu T, Yang X, Yang C, Cai X, Xu W, Huang Q, He J, Liu J, Chen T, Moses RE, Fu J, Xiao J, Li X. REGγ is critical for skin carcinogenesis by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6875. [PMID: 25908095 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report that mice deficient for the proteasome activator, REGγ, exhibit a marked resistance to TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate)-induced keratinocyte proliferation, epidermal hyperplasia and onset of papillomas compared with wild-type counterparts. Interestingly, a massive increase of REGγ in skin tissues or cells resulting from TPA induces activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/p38). Blocking p38 MAPK activation prevents REGγ elevation in HaCaT cells with TPA treatment. AP-1, the downstream effector of MAPK/p38, directly binds to the REGγ promoter and activates its transcription in response to TPA stimulation. Furthermore, we find that REGγ activates Wnt/β-catenin signalling by degrading GSK-3β in vitro and in cells, increasing levels of CyclinD1 and c-Myc, the downstream targets of β-catenin. Conversely, MAPK/p38 inactivation or REGγ deletion prevents the increase of cyclinD1 and c-Myc by TPA. This study demonstrates that REGγ acts in skin tumorigenesis mediating MAPK/p38 activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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12
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WANG XINHONG, LIU MINGNA, HUANG PING, XU JUN, LIU AIYUN, CHEN JING, LV CHENGQIAN, XU RUILING. Simultaneous silencing of β-catenin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 synergistically induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2263-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Shi J, Keller JM, Zhang J, Keller ET. A review on the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with a focus on the role of Wnts and the dickkopf family of Wnt inhibitors. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2014; 1:1-7. [PMID: 27508171 PMCID: PMC4918262 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s44537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. There are multiple etiologic factors including viral and environmental influences that can lead to HCC. Successful screening for early HCC is challenging due to the lack of well characterized and specific biomarkers. However, achieving successful screening is critically important as early diagnosis can potentially provide curative opportunities. Once HCC is advanced, there are multiple therapeutic venues, but most eventually fail, therefore developing new targeted therapies may provide greater chance for effective therapies. Along these lines, the Wnt pathway has been identified as contributing to the development and progression of HCC. Wnts can modify HCC growth and invasive ability. A key factor in the Wnt pathway is the dickkopf (DKK) family of Wnt inhibitors. DKKs have also been shown to modulate HCC progression. Additionally, several studies have suggested that DKK expression in tissue and serum has diagnostic and prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jill M Keller
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Shearn CT, Reigan P, Petersen DR. Inhibition of hydrogen peroxide signaling by 4-hydroxynonenal due to differential regulation of Akt1 and Akt2 contributes to decreases in cell survival and proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1-11. [PMID: 22580126 PMCID: PMC3377776 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell signaling by electrophiles such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a key component in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory liver disease. Another consequence of inflammation is the perpetuation of oxidative damage by the production of reactive oxidative species such as hydrogen peroxide. Previously, we have demonstrated Akt2 as a direct target of 4-HNE in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In the present study, we used the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 as model to understand the combinatorial effects of 4-HNE and hydrogen peroxide. We demonstrate that 4-HNE inhibits hydrogen peroxide-mediated phosphorylation of Akt1 but not Akt2. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with 4-HNE prevented hydrogen peroxide stimulation of Akt-dependent phosphorylation of downstream targets and intracellular Akt activity compared with untreated control cells. Using biotin hydrazide capture, it was confirmed that 4-HNE treatment resulted in carbonylation of Akt1, which was not observed in untreated control cells. Using a synthetic GSK3α/β peptide as a substrate, treatment of recombinant human myristoylated Akt1 (rAkt1) with 20 or 40 μΜ 4-HNE inhibited rAkt1 activity by 29 and 60%, respectively. We further demonstrate that 4-HNE activates Erk via a PI3 kinase and PP2A-dependent mechanism leading to increased Jnk phosphorylation. At higher concentrations, 4-HNE decreased both cell survival and proliferation as evidenced by MTT assays and EdU incorporation as well as decreased expression of cyclin D1 and β-catenin, an effect only moderately increased by the addition of hydrogen peroxide. The ability of 4-HNE to exert combinatorial effects on Erk, Jnk, and Akt-dependent cell survival pathways provides additional insight into the mechanisms of cellular damage associated with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis R. Petersen
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dennis Petersen, University of Colorado Denver, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12850 East Montview Blvd Box C238, Building V20 Room 2131, Ph. 303-724-3397, Fax 303-724-7266,
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Yan Q, Huang HL, Yao X, Li J, Li LQ, Zhong J, Min LS, Dai LC, Zheng SS. Novel functional proteins interact with midkine in hepatic cancer cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2012; 11:272-7. [PMID: 22672821 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(12)60160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor that promotes the proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of various target cells. Midkine plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and is overexpressed in many human malignant tumors. Patients with high tumor midkine expression frequently have a worse prognosis than those with low expression. The present study was designed to investigate the interaction network of midkine in hepatic cancer cells, and to elucidate its role in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS DNA encoding full-length midkine was cloned into pDBLeu vector to serve as bait in yeast two-hybrid screening to identify interacting proteins. Candidate proteins were examined on SC-Leu-Trp-His+3-AT (20 mmol/L) plates and assayed for X-gal activity, then sequenced and classified according to the GenBank. Finally, identified proteins were expressed by the in vitro expression system pCMVTnT, and protein interactions were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we found 6 proteins that interacted with midkine: NK-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (I-κ-B-alpha), Dvl-binding protein naked cuticle 2, granulin, latent active TGF-beta binding protein 3, latent active TGF-beta binding protein 4, and phospholipid scramblase 1. In vitro co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that all identified proteins directly interacted with midkine. CONCLUSION The identification of midkine-interacting proteins in hepatic cancer cells indicates that midkine is a multifunctional factor that may participate in cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation, and is also associated with the multicellular response feedback during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Yeh CT, Rao YK, Ye M, Wu WS, Chang TC, Wang LS, Wu CH, Wu ATH, Tzeng YM. Preclinical evaluation of destruxin B as a novel Wnt signaling target suppressing proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer using non-invasive bioluminescence imaging. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:31-41. [PMID: 22465936 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In continuation to our studies toward the identification of direct anti-cancer targets, here we showed that destruxin B (DB) from Metarhizium anisopliae suppressed the proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer (CRC) HT29, SW480 and HCT116 cells. Additionally, DB induced apoptosis in HT29 cells by decreased expression level of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL while increased pro-apoptotic Bax. On the other hand, DB attenuated Wnt-signaling by downregulation of β-catenin, Tcf4 and β-catenin/Tcf4 transcriptional activity, concomitantly with decreased expression of β-catenin target genes cyclin D1, c-myc and survivin. Furthermore, DB affected the migratory and invasive ability of HT29 cells through suppressed MMPs-2 and -9 enzymatic activities. We also found that DB targeted the MAPK and/or PI3K/Akt pathway by reduced expression of Akt, IKK-α, JNK, NF-κB, c-Jun and c-Fos while increased that of IκBα. Finally, we demonstrated that DB inhibited tumorigenesis in HT29 xenograft mice using non-invasive bioluminescence technique. Consistently, tumor samples from DB-treated mice demonstrated suppressed expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1, survivin, and endothelial marker CD31 while increased caspase-3 expression. Collectively, our data supports DB as an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway that may be beneficial in the CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shao N, Zou J, Li J, Chen F, Dai J, Qu X, Sun X, Ma D, Ji C. Hyper-activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway mediates anti-tumor effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors in acute T lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1769-78. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.663085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wang JX, Zeng Q, Chen L, Du JC, Yan XL, Yuan HF, Zhai C, Zhou JN, Jia YL, Yue W, Pei XT. SPINDLIN1 Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation through Activation of WNT/TCF-4 Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:326-35. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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