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Yue WH, Qin LQ, Cai J, Mei R, Qian HQ, Zou ZY. Jug-PLGA-NPs, a New Form of Juglone with Enhanced Efficiency and Reduced Toxicity on Melanoma. Chin J Integr Med 2021. [PMID: 34913148 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verrify the anti-tumor efficacy and toxicity between juglone (Jug) and Jug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Jug-PLGA-NPs). METHODS Jug-PLGA-NPs were prepared by ultrasonic emulsification. The anti-tumor activity of Jug (2, 3, 4 µg/mL) and Jug-PLGA-NPs (Jug: 2, 3, 4 µg/mL) in vitro was measured by MTT assay and cell apoptosis analysis. The distribution, anti-tumor effect and biological safety in vivo was evaluated on A375 nude mice. RESULTS With the advantage of good penetration and targeting properties, Jug-PLGA-NPs significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo (P<0.05 or P<0.01) with acceptable biocompatibility. CONCLUSIONS Jug can inhibit the growth of melanoma but is highly toxic. With the advantage of sustained release, tumor targeting, anti-tumor activity and acceptable biological safety, Jug-PLGA-NPs provide a new pharmaceutical form for future application of Jug.
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Kim G, Bhattarai PY, Lim SC, Kim JY, Choi HS. PIN1 facilitates ubiquitin-mediated degradation of serine/threonine kinase 3 and promotes melanoma development via TAZ activation. Cancer Lett 2021; 499:164-174. [PMID: 33253791 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway controls cellular processes including growth, homeostasis, and apoptosis. The kinase STK3 acts upstream in this pathway to activate LATS1/2 kinase, which phosphorylates and inactivates the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ. The dysregulation of Hippo signaling leads to human diseases including cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its dysregulation in melanoma are unknown. We aimed to determine the role of the PIN1 in Hippo signaling dysregulation and melanoma tumorigenesis. We report that PIN1 interacts with STK3 and induces ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of STK3. Furthermore, PIN1 plays a critical role in the nuclear translocation of TAZ, which forms a complex with TEAD to increase CTGF expression. PIN1 ablation blocks TAZ/TEAD complex formation and decreases CTGF expression. PIN1-mediated STK3 degradation is associated with enhanced cell growth, induction of cell transformation, and increased tumorigenicity. In clinical context, PIN1 and STK3 levels are inversely correlated in patient melanoma tissues. These findings indicate that PIN1-mediated STK3 destabilization contributes to the dysregulation of Hippo signaling, leading to oncogenic signaling and melanoma tumorigenesis. Our data suggest that inhibition of the PIN1-STK3 axis could be a novel treatment strategy for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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Kircher DA, Trombetti KA, Silvis MR, Parkman GL, Fischer GM, Angel SN, Stehn CM, Strain SC, Grossmann AH, Duffy KL, Boucher KM, McMahon M, Davies MA, Mendoza MC, VanBrocklin MW, Holmen SL. AKT1 E17K Activates Focal Adhesion Kinase and Promotes Melanoma Brain Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1787-1800. [PMID: 31138602 PMCID: PMC6726552 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway occur in up to 70% of melanomas and are associated with disease progression. The three AKT paralogs are highly conserved but data suggest they have distinct functions. Activating mutations of AKT1 and AKT3 occur in human melanoma but their role in melanoma formation and metastasis remains unclear. Using an established melanoma mouse model, we evaluated E17K, E40K, and Q79K mutations in AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 and show that mice harboring tumors expressing AKT1E17K had the highest incidence of brain metastasis and lowest mean survival. Tumors expressing AKT1E17K displayed elevated levels of focal adhesion factors and enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). AKT1E17K expression in melanoma cells increased invasion and this was reduced by pharmacologic inhibition of either AKT or FAK. These data suggest that the different AKT paralogs have distinct roles in melanoma brain metastasis and that AKT and FAK may be promising therapeutic targets. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that AKT1E17K promotes melanoma brain metastasis through activation of FAK and provides a rationale for the therapeutic targeting of AKT and/or FAK to reduce melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kircher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kirby A Trombetti
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark R Silvis
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gennie L Parkman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Grant M Fischer
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie N Angel
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher M Stehn
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sean C Strain
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Keith L Duffy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kenneth M Boucher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew W VanBrocklin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Chen X, Liu X, Deng B, Martinka M, Zhou Y, Lan X, Cheng Y. Cytoplasmic Pin1 expression is increased in human cutaneous melanoma and predicts poor prognosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16867. [PMID: 30442923 PMCID: PMC6238011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 is widely over-expressed or over-activated in cancers and promotes tumorigenesis. The authors investigated the expression level of Pin1 and analyzed the prognostic value of Pin1 expression using a large-scale melanoma tissue microarray study. Two independent sets of tissue microarrays were employed, including 114 melanoma cases in the discovery set and 424 in the validation set (538 cases in total), 32 normal nevi and 86 dysplastic nevi 118 cases of nevi. The subcellular Pin1 expression in different stages of melanocytic lesions and its prognostic significance were studied. High expression (IRS 0-8) of cytoplasmic Pin1 was observed in 3.13%, 8.33%, 16.49% and 22.76% of the biopsies in normal nevi, dysplastic nevi, primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma, respectively. Significant differences for cytoplasmic Pin1 staining were observed between normal nevi and metastatic melanoma (P = 0.011, χ2 test), between dysplastic nevi and primary melanoma (P = 0.046, χ2 test) and between dysplastic nevi and metastatic melanoma (P = 0.016, χ2 test). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that increased cytoplasmic Pin1 expression was associated with a worse 5-year melanoma-specific survival of melanoma (P < 0.001) and metastatic melanoma patients (P = 0.004). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that cytoplasmic Pin1 expression is an independent prognostic factor in melanoma. Our data indicate that cytoplasmic Pin1 plays an important role in melanoma pathogenesis and progression, and serve as a potential prognostic marker for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Institute for laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of General Dentistry, The 174th Hospital of Chinese PLA (Chenggong Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and Center for Stress Signaling Networks, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Magdalena Martinka
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaopeng Lan
- Institute for laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yabin Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and Center for Stress Signaling Networks, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Avram S, Coricovac DE, Pavel IZ, Pinzaru I, Ghiulai R, Baderca F, Soica C, Muntean D, Branisteanu DE, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Dehelean CA. Standardization of A375 human melanoma models on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane and Balb/c nude mice. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:89-99. [PMID: 28535001 PMCID: PMC5492638 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a metastatic disease characterized by high resistance to treatment, the incidence of which has alarmingly increased worldwide over the past years. A thorough characterization of tumor onset, progression and metastasis is compulsory to overcome the gaps existent in melanoma biology. The present study suggests a well-established protocol and a detailed histological description of human melanoma models in ovo and in vivo obtained by the inoculation of A375 cells to chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and Balb/c nude mice. The inoculation of A375 cells on CAM led to the formation of compact primary and secondary tumors on day 4 post-inoculation, with mean surface area values of 2.2±0.4 mm2 and 1.5±0.3 mm2, respectively. Moreover, the vessels around the tumors presented a spike wheel pattern, indicating a strong angiogenic reaction. All the injected mice, apart from one, developed solid polypoid primary tumors with lobulated surfaces and intense vascularization, and achromic epithelioid malignant melanocytes with vesiculous nuclei and necrosis area were detected. Metastasis was histologically confirmed in only 30% of the mice with the tumor xenografts. These data indicate that the standardization protocols proposed are complex and reproducible, and can be further employed for the therapeutic surveillance of antiangiogenic and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Dorina-Elena Coricovac
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Ioana Zinuca Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Flavia Baderca
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Danina Muntean
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Daciana E Branisteanu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi 7000115, Romania
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
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Hu X, Dong SH, Chen J, Zhou XZ, Chen R, Nair S, Lu KP, Chen LF. Prolyl isomerase PIN1 regulates the stability, transcriptional activity and oncogenic potential of BRD4. Oncogene 2017; 36:5177-88. [PMID: 28481868 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BRD4 has emerged as an important factor in tumorigenesis by promoting the transcription of genes involved in cancer development. However, how BRD4 is regulated in cancer cells remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the stability and functions of BRD4 are positively regulated by prolyl-isomerase PIN1 in gastric cancer cells. PIN1 directly binds to phosphorylated threonine (T) 204 of BRD4 as revealed by peptide binding and crystallographic studies and enhances BRD4’s stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination. PIN1 also catalyses the isomerization of proline 205 of BRD4 and induces its conformational change, which promotes its interaction with CDK9 and increases BRD4’s transcriptional activity. Substitution of BRD4 with PIN1 binding-defective BRD4-T204A mutant in gastric cancer cells reduces BRD4’s stability, attenuates BRD4-mediated gene expression by impairing its interaction with CDK9, and suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and tumor formation. Our results identify BRD4 as a new target of PIN1 and suggest that interfering with their interaction could be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
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Andrews MC, Cursons J, Hurley DG, Anaka M, Cebon JS, Behren A, Crampin EJ. Systems analysis identifies miR-29b regulation of invasiveness in melanoma. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:72. [PMID: 27852308 PMCID: PMC5112703 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many cancers, microRNAs (miRs) contribute to metastatic progression by modulating phenotypic reprogramming processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. This can be driven by miRs targeting multiple mRNA transcripts, inducing regulated changes across large sets of genes. The miR-target databases TargetScan and DIANA-microT predict putative relationships by examining sequence complementarity between miRs and mRNAs. However, it remains a challenge to identify which miR-mRNA interactions are active at endogenous expression levels, and of biological consequence. Methods We developed a workflow to integrate TargetScan and DIANA-microT predictions into the analysis of data-driven associations calculated from transcript abundance (RNASeq) data, specifically the mutual information and Pearson’s correlation metrics. We use this workflow to identify putative relationships of miR-mediated mRNA repression with strong support from both lines of evidence. Applying this approach systematically to a large, published collection of unique melanoma cell lines – the Ludwig Melbourne melanoma (LM-MEL) cell line panel – we identified putative miR-mRNA interactions that may contribute to invasiveness. This guided the selection of interactions of interest for further in vitro validation studies. Results Several miR-mRNA regulatory relationships supported by TargetScan and DIANA-microT demonstrated differential activity across cell lines of varying matrigel invasiveness. Strong negative statistical associations for these putative regulatory relationships were consistent with target mRNA inhibition by the miR, and suggest that differential activity of such miR-mRNA relationships contribute to differences in melanoma invasiveness. Many of these relationships were reflected across the skin cutaneous melanoma TCGA dataset, indicating that these observations also show graded activity across clinical samples. Several of these miRs are implicated in cancer progression (miR-211, -340, -125b, −221, and -29b). The specific role for miR-29b-3p in melanoma has not been well studied. We experimentally validated the predicted miR-29b-3p regulation of LAMC1 and PPIC and LASP1, and show that dysregulation of miR-29b-3p or these mRNA targets can influence cellular invasiveness in vitro. Conclusions This analytic strategy provides a comprehensive, systems-level approach to identify miR-mRNA regulation in high-throughput cancer data, identifies novel putative interactions with functional phenotypic relevance, and can be used to direct experimental resources for subsequent experimental validation. Computational scripts are available: http://github.com/uomsystemsbiology/LMMEL-miR-miner Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0554-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles C Andrews
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph Cursons
- Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel G Hurley
- Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew Anaka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Cebon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Jamiyandorj U, Bae JS, Noh SJ, Jachin S, Choi JE, Jang KY, Chung MJ, Kang MJ, Lee DG, Moon WS. Expression of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PIN1 and its role in the pathogenesis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1421-1426. [PMID: 24179535 PMCID: PMC3813802 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphorylation of proteins on serine/threonine residues that immediately precede proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) is a key signaling mechanism by which cell cycle regulation and cell differentiation and proliferation occur. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PIN1-catalyzed conformational changes of the pSer/Thr-Pro motifs may have profound effects on the function of numerous oncogenic and cell signaling pathways. To date, no studies have examined the expression of PIN1 and its potential role in the pathogenesis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). Therefore, the present study performed an immunohistochemistry analysis of the expression of PIN1 in 67 cases of ECC and evaluated its association with clinicopathological factors. In addition, the role of PIN1 was examined using synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence PIN1 gene expression in human CC RBE cells. Positive PIN1 expression was observed in 35 of the 67 (52.2%) ECC cases and was predominantly localized to the nucleus of the tumor cells. The immunoreactive score for PIN1 was significantly higher in the tumor cells (4.07±0.4) compared with the adjacent benign bile duct cells (1.19±0.4) (P<0.001). PIN1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67 labeling index; P=0.024). Silencing PIN1 expression using siRNA significantly decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion of the tumor cells. In conclusion, the results indicated that the expression of PIN1 may play a key role in the development and progression of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urangoo Jamiyandorj
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University, Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea
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