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Park S, Lee JJ, Lee J, Lee JK, Byun J, Kim I, Ha JH. Lowering n-6/ n-3 Ratio as an Important Dietary Intervention to Prevent LPS-Inducible Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Abnormalities in ob/ob Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126384. [PMID: 35742829 PMCID: PMC9224551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with low-grade chronic and systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia, and the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may modulate obesity-related disorders, such as inflammation and dyslipidemia. An emerging research question is to understand the dietary intervention strategy that is more important regarding n-3 PUFA consumption: (1) a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs or (2) a higher amount of n-3 PUFAs consumption. To understand the desirable dietary intervention method of n-3 PUFAs consumption, we replaced lard from the experimental diets with either perilla oil (PO) or corn oil (CO) to have identical n-3 amounts in the experimental diets. PO had a lower n-6/n-3 ratio, whereas CO contained higher amounts of PUFAs; it inherently contained relatively lower n-3 but higher n-6 PUFAs than PO. After the 12-week dietary intervention in ob/ob mice, dyslipidemia was observed in the normal chow and CO-fed ob/ob mice; however, PO feeding increased the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level; further, not only did the HDL-C level increase, the low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels also decreased significantly after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Consequently, extra TG accumulated in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of normal chow- or CO-fed ob/ob mice after LPS injection; however, PO consumption decreased serum TG accumulation in the liver and WAT. PUFAs replacement attenuated systemic inflammation induced by LPS injection by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines but inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the serum and WAT. PO further decreased hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in comparison with the ND and CO. Hepatic functional biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels) were also remarkably decreased in the PO group. In LPS-challenged ob/ob mice, PO and CO decreased adipocyte size and adipokine secretion, with a reduction in phosphorylation of MAPKs compared to the ND group. In addition, LPS-inducible endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress decreased with consumption of PUFAs. Taken together, PUFAs from PO and CO play a role in regulating obesity-related disorders. Moreover, PO, which possesses a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, remarkably alleviated metabolic dysfunction in LPS-induced ob/ob mice. Therefore, an interventional trial considering the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs may be desirable for modulating metabolic complications, such as inflammatory responses and ER stress in the circulation, liver, and/or WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jennifer K. Lee
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
| | - Inyong Kim
- Food and Nutrition Department, Sunchon University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (J.-H.H.)
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Koonyosying P, Kusirisin W, Kusirisin P, Kasempitakpong B, Sermpanich N, Tinpovong B, Salee N, Pattanapanyasat K, Srichairatanakool S, Paradee N. Perilla Fruit Oil-Fortified Soybean Milk Intake Alters Levels of Serum Triglycerides and Antioxidant Status, and Influences Phagocytotic Activity among Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:1721. [PMID: 35565689 PMCID: PMC9103900 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop perilla fruit oil (PFO)-fortified soybean milk (PFO-SM), identify its sensory acceptability, and evaluate its health outcomes. Our PFO-SM product was pasteurized, analyzed for its nutritional value, and had its acceptability assessed by an experienced and trained descriptive panel (n = 100) based on a relevant set of sensory attributes. A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving healthy subjects who were assigned to consume deionized water (DI), SM, PFO-SM, or black sesame-soybean milk (BS-SM) (n = 48 each, 180 mL/serving) daily for 30 d. Accordingly, health indices and analyzed blood biomarkers were recorded. Consequently, 1% PFO-SM (1.26 mg ALA rich) was generally associated with very high scores for overall acceptance, color, flavor, odor, taste, texture, and sweetness. We observed that PFO-SM lowered levels of serum triglycerides and erythrocyte reactive oxygen species, but increased phagocytosis and serum antioxidant activity (p < 0.05) when compared to SM and BS-SM. These findings indicate that PFO supplementation in soybean milk could enhance radical-scavenging and phagocytotic abilities in the blood of healthy persons. In this regard, it was determined to be more efficient than black sesame supplementation. We are now better positioned to recommend the consumption of PFO-SM drink for the reduction of many chronic diseases. Randomized clinical trial registration (Reference number 41389) by IRSCTN Registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Oxidative Stress Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Winthana Kusirisin
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.K.); (B.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Prit Kusirisin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Boonsong Kasempitakpong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.K.); (B.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Nipon Sermpanich
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.K.); (B.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Bow Tinpovong
- Program of Food Production and Innovation, Faculty of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand; (B.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nuttinee Salee
- Program of Food Production and Innovation, Faculty of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand; (B.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine and Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Somdet Srichairatanakool
- Oxidative Stress Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Narisara Paradee
- Oxidative Stress Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Dhyani A, Chopra R, Garg M. A Review on Nutritional Value, Functional Properties and Pharmacological Application of Perilla (Perilla Frutescens L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens is an annual herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is majorly produced in countries like China, Japan, India, Thailand and Korea. Recently, Perilla plant is gaining more attention because of its medicinal benefits and phytochemical contents. The major phytochemical compounds reported in this species are phenolic compounds (Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid), flavonoids (luteolin, apigenin), Phytosterols, Tocopherols, Policosanols and Fatty acid. Perilla seed oil is also a rich source of essential fatty acid such as α-linolenic acid (54-64%) and linoleic acid (14%). Perilla seeds and its oils have been widely used in traditional nutritional and medicinal formulations. Biological analysis of Perilla seeds revealed that it showed anticancer, ant-diabetic, antiasthma, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cardioprotective effect. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the nutritional composition, phytochemical profile and pharmacological research of Perilla seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Dhyani
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, F-4 Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Rajni Chopra
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, F-4 Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Meenakshi Garg
- Department of Food Technology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075, India
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Wei CK, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Liao AM, Huang JH, Wei ZJ. Color and flavor of flaxseed protein hydrolysates Maillard reaction products: effect of cysteine, initial pH, and thermal treatment. International Journal of Food Properties 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1573830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Kun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Biological science and engineering College, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Mei Liao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hong Huang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of functional compound seasoning in Anhui Province, Anhui Qiangwang seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou, People’s Republic of China
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Lee AY, Choi JM, Lee MH, Lee J, Lee S, Cho EJ. Protective effects of perilla oil and alpha linolenic acid on SH-SY5Y neuronal cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:93-100. [PMID: 29629025 PMCID: PMC5886971 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a key role in neuronal cell damage, which is associated with neurodegenerative disease. The aim of present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of perilla oil (PO) and its active component, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MATERIALS/METHODS The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to 250 µM H2O2 for 24 h were treated with different concentrations of PO (25, 125, 250 and 500 µg/mL) and its major fatty acid, ALA (1, 2.5, 5 and 25 µ/mL). We examined the effects of PO and ALA on H2O2-induced cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and nuclear condensation. Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX. RESULTS Treatment of H2O2 resulted in decreased cell viability, increased LDH release, and increase in the nuclei condensation as indicated by Hoechst 33342 staining. However, PO and ALA treatment significantly attenuated the neuronal cell death, indicating that PO and ALA potently blocked the H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the H2O2-mediated up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA. CONCLUSIONS PO and its main fatty acid, ALA, exerted the protective activity from neuronal oxidative stress induced by H2O2. They regulated apoptotic pathway in neuronal cell death by alleviation of BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and down-regulation of cleaved-PARP and cleaved caspase-9 and -3. Although further studies are required to verify the protective mechanisms of PO and ALA from neuronal damage, PO and ALA are the promising agent against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Gyeongnam 50424, Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Gyeongnam 50424, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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Hong SH, Kim M, Noh JS, Song YO. Perilla Oil Reduces Fatty Streak Formation at Aortic Sinus via Attenuation of Plasma Lipids and Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in ApoE KO Mice. Lipids 2016; 51:1161-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dote S, Yamamoto Y, Hara S. Effects of Triacylglycerol Molecular Species on the Oxidation Behavior of Oils Containing α-Linolenic Acid. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:193-9. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Dote
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
| | - Yukihiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
- Present address, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Setsuko Hara
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
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Baek Y, Hwang JY, Kim K, Moon HK, Kweon S, Yang J, Oh K, Shim JE. Dietary intake of fats and fatty acids in the Korean population: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:650-7. [PMID: 26634055 PMCID: PMC4667207 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate average total fat and fatty acid intakes as well as identify major food sources using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI-1 (2013). SUBJECTS/METHODS Total fat and fatty acid intakes were estimated using 24-hour dietary recall data on 7,048 participants aged ≥ 3 years from the KNHANES VI-1 (2013). Data included total fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), n-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA), and n-6 fatty acid (n-6 FA) levels. Population means and standard errors of the mean were weighted in order to produce national estimates and separated based on sex, age, income, as well as residential region. Major food sources of fat, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-3 FA, and n-6 FA were identified based on mean consumption amounts of fat and fatty acids in each food. RESULTS The mean intake of total fat was 48.0 g while mean intakes of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-3 FA, and n-6 FA were 14.4 g, 15.3 g, 11.6 g, 1.6 g, and 10.1 g, respectively. Intakes of MUFA and SFA were each higher than that of PUFA in all age groups. Pork was the major source of total fat, SFA, and MUFA, and soybean oil was the major source of PUFA. Milk and pork were major sources of SFA in subjects aged 3-11 years and ≥ 12 years, respectively. Perilla seed oil and soybean oil were main sources of n-3 FA in subjects aged ≥ 50 years and aged < 50 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Estimation of mean fatty acid intakes of this study using nationally represented samples of the Korean population could be useful for developing and evaluating national nutritional policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Baek
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Hwang
- Nutrition Education Major, Graduate School of Education, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Kirang Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Moon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Gyeonggi 16890, Korea
| | - Sanghui Kweon
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Jieun Yang
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Shim
- Department of Food and nutrition, Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
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