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Petersen JCG, Jonassen TEN, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Petersen LG, Sorensen CM. Dynamic changes in renal sodium handling during sympathetic stimulation in healthy human males. Auton Neurosci 2023; 250:103131. [PMID: 37984257 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The temporal response of changes in renal sodium reabsorption during increased renal sympathetic nerve activity has not been investigated. Central hypovolemia by application of lower-body negative-pressure (LBNP) elicits baroreceptor mediated sympathetic reflexes to maintain arterial blood pressure. We hypothesized, that during 90 min LBNP, the renal sodium retention would increase rapidly, remain increased during intervention, and return to baseline immediately after end of intervention. METHODS 30 young, healthy, sodium loaded, non-obese males were exposed to -15 mmHg LBNP, -30 mmHg LBNP, -15 mmHg LBNP + renin blockade or time-control (0 mmHg LBNP) for 90 min. Urine was collected every 15 min during 90 min of intervention and 60 min of recovery to identify a possible relation between time of intervention and renal response. RESULTS All intervention groups exhibited a comparable reduction in distal sodium excretion at the end of the intervention (P = 0.46 between groups; -15 mmHg: -3.1 ± 0.9 %, -30 mmHg: -2.9 ± 0.6 %, -15 mmHg + aslikiren: -1.8 ± 0.6 %). -15 mmHg+Aliskiren resulted in a slower onset, but all groups exhibited a continued reduction in sodium excretion after 1 h of recovery despite return to baseline of renin, aldosterone, diuresis and cardiovascular parameters. CONCLUSION Sympathetic stimulation for 90 min via LBNP at -30 mmHg LBNP compared to -15 mmHg did not result in a greater response in fractional Na+ excretion, suggesting that additional baroreceptor unloading did not cause further increases in renal sodium reabsorption. Changes in distal Na+ excretion were linear with respect to time (dose) of intervention, but seem to exhibit a saturation-like effect at a level around 4 %. The lack of recovery after 1 h is also a new finding that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C G Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - T E N Jonassen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N-H Holstein-Rathlou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L G Petersen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - C M Sorensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Mutengo KH, Masenga SK, Mwesigwa N, Patel KP, Kirabo A. Hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus: A paradigm for epithelial sodium channels? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:968184. [PMID: 36093171 PMCID: PMC9452753 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.968184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for end organ damage and death and is more common in persons with HIV compared to the general population. Several mechanisms have been studied in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Current evidence suggests that the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure through the transport of sodium and water across membranes in the kidney tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and water and an altered fluid balance. However, there is scarcity of information that elucidates the role of ENaC in HIV as it relates to increasing the risk for development or pathogenesis of hypertension. This review summarized the evidence to date implicating a potential role for altered ENaC activity in contributing to hypertension in patients with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katongo H. Mutengo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone, Zambia,School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sepiso K. Masenga
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone, Zambia,School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Naome Mwesigwa
- Department of Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Annet Kirabo,
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3
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) continues to be a serious public health challenge despite significant advancements in therapeutics and is often complicated by multiple other comorbidities. Of particular concern is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which not only amplifies the risk, but also limits the treatment options available to patients. The sodium-glucose linked cotransporter subtype 2 (SGLT2)-inhibitor class, which was initially developed as a treatment for T2DM, has shown great promise in reducing cardiovascular risk, particularly around HF outcomes - regardless of diabetes status.There are ongoing efforts to elucidate the true mechanism of action of this novel drug class. Its primary mechanism of inducing glycosuria and diuresis from receptor blockade in the renal nephron seems unlikely to be responsible for the rapid and striking benefits seen in clinical trials. Early mechanistic work around conventional therapeutic targets seem to be inconclusive. There are some emerging theories around its effect on myocardial energetics and calcium balance as well as on renal physiology. In this review, we discuss some of the cutting-edge hypotheses and concepts currently being explored around this drug class in an attempt better understand the molecular mechanics of this novel agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Fathi
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Critical Care, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - Keeran Vickneson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jagdeep S Singh
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, The Edinburgh Heart Center, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK.
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4
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Farino ZJ, Morgenstern TJ, Maffei A, Quick M, De Solis AJ, Wiriyasermkul P, Freyberg RJ, Aslanoglou D, Sorisio D, Inbar BP, Free RB, Donthamsetti P, Mosharov EV, Kellendonk C, Schwartz GJ, Sibley DR, Schmauss C, Zeltser LM, Moore H, Harris PE, Javitch JA, Freyberg Z. New roles for dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptors in pancreatic beta cell insulin secretion. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2070-2085. [PMID: 30626912 PMCID: PMC6616020 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although long-studied in the central nervous system, there is increasing evidence that dopamine (DA) has important roles in the periphery including in metabolic regulation. Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells express the machinery for DA synthesis and catabolism, as well as all five DA receptors. In these cells, DA functions as a negative regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which is mediated by DA D2-like receptors including D2 (D2R) and D3 (D3R) receptors. However, the fundamental mechanisms of DA synthesis, storage, release, and signaling in pancreatic β-cells and their functional relevance in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the roles of the DA precursor L-DOPA in β-cell DA synthesis and release in conjunction with the signaling mechanisms underlying DA's inhibition of GSIS. Our results show that the uptake of L-DOPA is essential for establishing intracellular DA stores in β-cells. Glucose stimulation significantly enhances L-DOPA uptake, leading to increased DA release and GSIS reduction in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Furthermore, D2R and D3R act in combination to mediate dopaminergic inhibition of GSIS. Transgenic knockout mice in which β-cell D2R or D3R expression is eliminated exhibit diminished DA secretion during glucose stimulation, suggesting a new mechanism where D2-like receptors modify DA release to modulate GSIS. Lastly, β-cell-selective D2R knockout mice exhibit marked postprandial hyperinsulinemia in vivo. These results reveal that peripheral D2R and D3R receptors play important roles in metabolism through their inhibitory effects on GSIS. This opens the possibility that blockade of peripheral D2-like receptors by drugs including antipsychotic medications may significantly contribute to the metabolic disturbances observed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Travis J. Morgenstern
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonella Maffei
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Quick
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain J. De Solis
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pattama Wiriyasermkul
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Current address: Department of Collaborative Research, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Robin J. Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Denise Sorisio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Inbar
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Current address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eugene V. Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary J. Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Schmauss
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lori M. Zeltser
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul E. Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Noh MR, Jang HS, Kim J, Padanilam BJ. Renal Sympathetic Nerve-Derived Signaling in Acute and Chronic kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051647. [PMID: 32121260 PMCID: PMC7084190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is innervated by afferent sensory and efferent sympathetic nerve fibers. Norepinephrine (NE) is the primary neurotransmitter for post-ganglionic sympathetic adrenergic nerves, and its signaling, regulated through adrenergic receptors (AR), modulates renal function and pathophysiology under disease conditions. Renal sympathetic overactivity and increased NE level are commonly seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are critical factors in the progression of renal disease. Blockade of sympathetic nerve-derived signaling by renal denervation or AR blockade in clinical and experimental studies demonstrates that renal nerves and its downstream signaling contribute to progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) to CKD and fibrogenesis. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of renal sympathetic nerve and adrenergic receptors in AKI, AKI to CKD transition and CKDand provides new insights into the therapeutic potential of intervening in its signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA; (M.R.N.); (H.-S.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Hee-Seong Jang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA; (M.R.N.); (H.-S.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinu Kim
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA; (M.R.N.); (H.-S.J.); (J.K.)
- Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Babu J. Padanilam
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA; (M.R.N.); (H.-S.J.); (J.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Mercado CJ, Wang X, Grimm PR, Welling PA, Chang YC. Identification and characterization of alternative STK39 transcripts within human and mouse kidneys reveals species-specific regulation of blood pressure. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14379. [PMID: 32109341 PMCID: PMC7048380 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
STK39 encodes a serine threonine kinase, SPAK, which is part of a multi-kinase network that determines renal Na+ reabsorption and blood pressure (BP) through regulation of sodium-chloride co-transporters in the kidney. Variants within STK39 are associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension, and constitutively active SPAK mice are hypertensive and hyperkalemic, similar to familial hyperkalemic hyperkalemia in humans. SPAK null mice are hypotensive and mimic Gitelman syndrome, a rare monogenic salt wasting human disorder. Mice exhibit nephron segment-specific expression of full length SPAK and N-terminally truncated SPAK isoforms (SPAK2 and KS-SPAK) with impaired kinase function. SPAK2 and KS-SPAK function to inhibit phosphorylation of cation co-transporters by full length SPAK. However, the existence of orthologous SPAK2 or KS-SPAK within the human kidney, and the role of such SPAK isoforms in nephron segment-specific regulation of Na+ reabsorption, still have not been determined. In this study, we examined both human and mouse kidney transcriptomes to uncover novel transcriptional regulation of STK39. We established that humans also express STK39 transcript isoforms similar to those found in mice but differ in abundance and are transcribed from human-specific promoters. In summary, STK39 undergoes species-specific transcriptional regulation, resulting in differentially expressed alternative transcripts that have implications for the design and testing of novel SPAK-targeting antihypertensive medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo J. Mercado
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and NutritionUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and NutritionUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Paul R. Grimm
- Departments of Physiology and MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Paul A. Welling
- Departments of Physiology and MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Yen‐Pei C. Chang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and NutritionUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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7
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Han F, Konkalmatt P, Mokashi C, Kumar M, Zhang Y, Ko A, Farino ZJ, Asico LD, Xu G, Gildea J, Zheng X, Felder RA, Lee REC, Jose PA, Freyberg Z, Armando I. Dopamine D 2 receptor modulates Wnt expression and control of cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16861. [PMID: 31727925 PMCID: PMC6856370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the most conserved signaling pathways across species with essential roles in development, cell proliferation, and disease. Wnt signaling occurs at the protein level and via β-catenin-mediated transcription of target genes. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms regulating the expression of the key Wnt ligand Wnt3a or the modulation of its activity. Here, we provide evidence that there is significant cross-talk between the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Our data suggest that D2R-dependent cross-talk modulates Wnt3a expression via an evolutionarily-conserved TCF/LEF site within the WNT3A promoter. Moreover, D2R signaling also modulates cell proliferation and modifies the pathology in a renal ischemia/reperfusion-injury disease model, via its effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Together, our results suggest that D2R is a transcriptional modulator of Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction with broad implications for health and development of new therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Dependovirus/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Primary Cell Culture
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
- Wnt3A Protein/genetics
- Wnt3A Protein/metabolism
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Chaitanya Mokashi
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Megha Kumar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Allen Ko
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zachary J Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Laureano D Asico
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - John Gildea
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Robin A Felder
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Robin E C Lee
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Ines Armando
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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8
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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9
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Rajkumar P, Pluznick JL. Unsung renal receptors: orphan G-protein-coupled receptors play essential roles in renal development and homeostasis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:189-200. [PMID: 27699982 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that orphan GPCRs of the GPR family are utilized as specialized chemosensors in various tissues to detect metabolites, and in turn to activate downstream pathways which regulate systemic homeostasis. These studies often find that such metabolites are generated by well-known metabolic pathways, implying that known metabolites and chemicals may perform novel functions. In this review, we summarize recent findings highlighting the role of deorphanized GPRs in renal development and function. Understanding the role of these receptors is critical in gaining insights into mechanisms that regulate renal function both in health and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Rajkumar
- Department of Physiology; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore; MD USA
| | - J. L. Pluznick
- Department of Physiology; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore; MD USA
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Li J, Hatano R, Xu S, Wan L, Yang L, Weinstein AM, Palmer L, Wang T. Gender difference in kidney electrolyte transport. I. Role of AT 1a receptor in thiazide-sensitive Na +-Cl - cotransporter activity and expression in male and female mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F505-F513. [PMID: 28566500 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00087.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied gender differences in Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) activity and expression in wild-type (WT) and AT1a receptor knockout (KO) mice. In renal clearance experiments, urine volume (UV), glomerular filtration rate, absolute Na+ (ENa) and K+ (EK), and fractional Na+ (FENa) and K+ excretion were measured and compared at peak changes after bolus intravenous injection of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 30 mg/kg). In WT, females responded more strongly than males to HCTZ, with larger fractional increases of UV (7.8- vs. 3.4-fold), ENa (11.7- vs. 5.7-fold), FENa (7.9- vs. 4.9-fold), and EK (2.8- vs. 1.4-fold). In contrast, there were no gender differences in the responses to the diuretic in KO mice; HCTZ produced greater effects on male KO than on WT but similar effects on females. In WT, total (tNCC) and phosphorylated (pNCC) NCC protein expressions were 1.8- and 4.6-fold higher in females compared with males (P < 0.05), consistent with the larger response to HCTZ. In KO mice, tNCC and pNCC increased significantly in males to levels not different from those in females. There were no gender differences in the expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3) in WT; NHE3 protein decreased to similar extents in male and female KO animals, suggesting AT1a-mediated NHE3 expression in proximal tubules. The resulting increase in delivery of NaCl to the distal nephron may underlie increased NCC expression and activity in mice lacking the AT1a receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ryo Hatano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laxiang Wan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
| | - Alan M Weinstein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
| | - Lawrence Palmer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;
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