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Hassan MA, Zhou W, Ye M, He H, Gao Z. The effectiveness of physical activity interventions on blood pressure in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci 2024:S2095-2546(24)00004-8. [PMID: 38244922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure (BP) is a major contributor to mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the known benefits of exercise for reducing BP, it is crucial to identify the most effective physical activity (PA) intervention. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to evaluate the available evidence on the effectiveness of various PA interventions for reducing BP and to determine their hierarchy based on their impact on BP. METHODS A search of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Eric databases was conducted up to December 2022 for this systematic review and NMA. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies targeting healthy children and adolescents aged 6-12 years old were included in this study. Only studies that compared controlled and intervention groups using PA or exercise as the major influence were included. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three independent investigators performed the literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. We used Bayesian arm-based NMA to synthesize the data. The primary outcomes were systolic BP and diastolic BP. We calculated the mean differences (MDs) in systolic BP and diastolic BP before and after treatment. Mean treatment differences were estimated using NMA and random-effect models. RESULTS We synthesized 27 studies involving 15,220 children and adolescents. PA combined with nutrition and behavior change was the most effective intervention for reducing both systolic BP and diastolic BP ((MD: -8.64, 95% credible interval (95%CI):-11.44 to -5.84); (MD: -6.75, 95%CI: -10.44 to -3.11)), followed by interventions with multiple components ((MD: -1.39, 95%CI: -1.94 to -0.84); (MD: -2.54, 95%CI: -4.89 to -0.29)). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PA interventions incorporating nutrition and behavior change, followed by interventions with multiple components, are most effective for reducing both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Methods and Curriculum, Physical Education College for Men, Helwan University, Cairo 12552, Egypt
| | - Wanjiang Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mingyi Ye
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui He
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zan Gao
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Howie EK, Lamm C, Shreve MD, Caldwell AR, Ganio MS. Beyond weight: associations between 24-hour movement behaviors, cardiometabolic and cognitive health in adolescents with and without obesity. Child and Adolescent Obesity 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2023.2189875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Connie Lamm
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Marilou D. Shreve
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Aaron R. Caldwell
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Edwards S, Foster M, Ahmed SF, Lucas-Herald AK. Preventative interventions that target cardiovascular dysfunction in children and young people: a systematic review of their effectiveness and an investigation of sexual dimorphism. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:726-734. [PMID: 36463360 PMCID: PMC10403341 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Given that cardiovascular diseases remain a primary cause of mortality and morbidity, there is a need to consider preventative strategies to improve vascular function from early in life. The aims of this study were therefore to investigate which interventions may improve endothelial function, intima media thickness and arterial stiffness in children and young people and to assess whether these interventions differ in boys and girls. A systematic literature search of Science Direct, Pubmed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library by two independent reviewers was performed to source articles. Inclusion criteria were any studies including any child ≤18 years of age receiving an intervention, which measured vascular function other than blood pressure. Exclusion criteria were studies assessing children with chronic medical conditions. A total of 72 studies were identified, which met the inclusion criteria. A measurable change in outcome was more likely to be reported in studies investigating endothelial function (p = 0.03). Interventions which improved vascular function included physical activity and dietary programmes. Under 10% of studies considered sex differences. In conclusion, school-based physical activity interventions are most likely to result in improvements in vascular function. Endothelial function may be the first variable of vascular function to change secondary to an intervention. Standardisation of reporting of differences between the sexes is essential to be able to ensure interventions are equally effective for boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Edwards
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Murray Foster
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Angela K Lucas-Herald
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK.
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Warneke K, Wirth K, Keiner M, Lohmann LH, Hillebrecht M, Brinkmann A, Wohlann T, Schiemann S. Comparison of the effects of long-lasting static stretching and hypertrophy training on maximal strength, muscle thickness and flexibility in the plantar flexors. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1773-1787. [PMID: 37029826 PMCID: PMC10363083 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Maximal strength measured via maximal voluntary contraction is known as a key factor in competitive sports performance as well as injury risk reduction and rehabilitation. Maximal strength and hypertrophy are commonly trained by performing resistance training programs. However, literature shows that long-term, long-lasting static stretching interventions can also produce significant improvements in maximal voluntary contraction. The aim of this study is to compare increases in maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility after 6 weeks of stretch training and conventional hypertrophy training. Sixty-nine (69) active participants (f = 30, m = 39; age 27.4 ± 4.4 years, height 175.8 ± 2.1 cm, and weight 79.5 ± 5.9 kg) were divided into three groups: IG1 stretched the plantar flexors continuously for one hour per day, IG2 performed hypertrophy training for the plantar flexors (5 × 10-12 reps, three days per week), while CG did not undergo any intervention. Maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness, pennation angle and flexibility were the dependent variables. The results of a series of two-way ANOVAs show significant interaction effects (p < 0.05) for maximal voluntary contraction (ƞ2 = 0.143-0.32, p < 0.006), muscle thickness (ƞ2 = 0.11-0.14, p < 0.021), pennation angle (ƞ2 = 0.002-0.08, p = 0.077-0.625) and flexibility (ƞ2 = 0.089-0.21, p < 0.046) for both the stretch and hypertrophy training group without significant differences (p = 0.37-0.99, d = 0.03-0.4) between both intervention groups. Thus, it can be hypothesized that mechanical tension plays a crucial role in improving maximal voluntary contraction and muscle thickness irrespective whether long-lasting stretching or hypertrophy training is used. Results show that for the calf muscle, the use of long-lasting stretching interventions can be deemed an alternative to conventional resistance training if the aim is to increase maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility. However, the practical application seems to be strongly limited as a weekly stretching duration of up to 7 h a week is opposed by 3 × 15 min of common resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wirth
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Sport Science, German University of Health and Sport, 85737, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Lars H Lohmann
- Institute of Sports Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hillebrecht
- University Sports Center, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Brinkmann
- Assistive Systems and Medical Device Technology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wohlann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
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Partin RE, Wogksch MD, Dhaduk R, Ashford JM, Indelicato DJ, Conklin HM, Merchant TE, Ness KK. Physical function, body mass index, and fitness outcomes in children, adolescents, and emerging adults with craniopharyngioma from proton therapy through five years of follow-up. J Neurooncol. [PMID: 35987949 PMCID: PMC9392500 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Children diagnosed with craniopharyngioma are vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. Characterization of body mass index (BMI), physical function, and cardiopulmonary fitness in those treated with proton radiotherapy (PRT) will serve to design interventions to improve outcomes. Methods Ninety-four children with craniopharyngioma completed physical function testing prior to PRT and annually for 5 years. For each outcome, age- and sex-specific z-scores were calculated using normative values. Participants with z-scores > 1.5 or < − 1.5 were classified as impaired. Those with z-scores > 2.0 or < − 2.0 were classified as significantly impaired. Descriptive statistics were used to describe study outcomes and change in prevalence of impairments from 2 to 5 years after treatment. Results Nearly half of participants [45.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 39.4, 51.0] had mean BMI z-scores > 1.5 at baseline, with prevalence increasing to 66.7% (95% CI 61.5, 71.9) at 5 years. More than half of participants (54.2%, 95% CI 48.4, 60.0) had knee extension strength z-scores < − 1.5 at baseline, with prevalence increasing to 81.3% (95% CI 77.7, 84.9) at 5 years. BMI and knee extension strength had the largest proportion of participants impaired at both 2 and 5 years (53.2% and 62.3%, respectively). Resting heart rate had the highest proportion of participants not impaired at 2 years but became impaired at 5 years (26.6%). Conclusions Children with craniopharyngioma have BMI and fitness abnormalities at diagnosis and continue 5 years after treatment. This cohort may benefit from interventions designed to improve BMI, strength, and resting indicators of cardiopulmonary fitness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11060-022-04116-2.
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Zhang Y, Zhang YJ, Zhang HW, Ye WB, Korivi M. Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Exercise Is More Effective than High-Intensity at Improving Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18136723. [PMID: 34206463 PMCID: PMC8297299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise has been confirmed to improve endothelial function (EF). However, the effect of resistance exercise (RE) on EF remains controversial. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the effect of RE and its intensities on EF. We searched Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library, and included 15 articles (17 trials) for the synthesis. Overall, RE intervention significantly improved flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in brachial artery (SMD = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.05; p < 0.00001), which represents improved EF. Meta-regression showed that the RE intensity was correlated with changes in FMD (Coef. = −0.274, T = −2.18, p = 0.045). We found both intensities of RE improved FMD, but the effect size for the low- to moderate-intensity (30–70%1RM) was bigger (SMD = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.43; p < 0.0001) than for the high-intensity (≥70%1RM; SMD = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.74; p = 0.005). We further noticed that RE had a beneficial effect (SMD = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.13, 1.09; p = 0.01) on the brachial artery baseline diameter at rest (BADrest), and the age variable was correlated with the changes in BADrest after RE (Coef. = −0.032, T = −2.33, p = 0.038). Young individuals (<40 years) presented with a bigger effect size for BADrest (SMD = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.30, 2.15; p = 0.009), while middle-aged to elderly (≥40 years) were not responsive to RE (SMD = 0.07; 95% CI: −0.28, 0.42; p = 0.70). Based on our findings, we conclude that RE intervention can improve the EF, and low- to moderate-intensity is more effective than high-intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.Z.); (H.-W.Z.)
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.Z.); (H.-W.Z.)
| | - Wei-Bing Ye
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (W.-B.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (W.-B.Y.); (M.K.)
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Cox A, Fairclough SJ, Noonan RJ. "It's Just Not Something We Do at School". Adolescent Boys' Understanding, Perceptions, and Experiences of Muscular Fitness Activity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4923. [PMID: 34063097 PMCID: PMC8125655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND English youth typically do not sufficiently engage in the types and intensities of physical activity that develop muscular fitness. The aim of this study was to use a combination of qualitative techniques to explore adolescent boys' understanding, perceptions, and experiences of physical activity and the role muscular fitness plays within boys' physically active lifestyles. METHODS Focus group interviews with a write, draw, show, and tell activity were conducted with 32 adolescent boys aged 14-16 years from 3 secondary schools. Three separate sources of data (frequency counts, verbatim transcripts, and visual data) were generated and were pooled together and triangulated. Data were analysed deductively, first using the Youth Physical Activity Promotion model as a thematic framework, and then inductively. RESULTS Physical activity was frequently associated with organised sport, and most boys were unaware of current UK physical activity guidelines. Co-participation was frequently reported as a reinforcing factor to physical activity. CONCLUSIONS There was a perceived lack of opportunity to participate in muscular fitness activities, particularly in school, and knowledge of how to conduct muscular fitness activities was limited. The contribution of physical education was highlighted as being key to facilitating exposure to muscular fitness activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cox
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39, UK;
| | - Stuart J. Fairclough
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39, UK;
| | - Robert J. Noonan
- Appetite and Obesity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L1, UK;
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Guillem CM, Loaiza-Betancur AF, Rebullido TR, Faigenbaum AD, Chulvi-Medrano I. The Effects of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure in Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17217900. [PMID: 33126545 PMCID: PMC7663568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) as the main outcome and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Two authors systematically searched the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science Core Collection and EMBASE electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children and adolescents (aged 8 to 18 years); (2) intervention studies including RT and (3) outcome measures of BP and BMI. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Eight articles met inclusion criteria totaling 571 participants. The mean age ranged from 9.3 to 15.9 years and the mean BMI of 29.34 (7.24) kg/m2). Meta-analysis indicated that RT reduced BMI significantly (mean difference (MD): −0.43 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.82, −0.03), P = 0.03; I2 = 5%) and a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (MD: −1.09 mmHg (95% CI: −3.24, 1.07), P = 0.32; I2 = 67%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (MD: −0.93 mmHg (95% CI: −2.05, 0.19), P = 0.10; I2 = 37%). Limited evidence suggests that RT has no adverse effects on BP and may positively affect BP in youths. More high-quality studies are needed to clarify the association between RT and BP in light of body composition changes throughout childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Miguel Guillem
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | | | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA;
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- UIRFIDE (Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Kirchhuebel H, Oberhoffer R, Böhm B. Primary Prevention: No Associations of Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Status With Arterial Stiffness in Young School Children. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:175. [PMID: 32457852 PMCID: PMC7221021 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure (CSBP) are well-established biomarkers of arterial stiffness. Further, fitness is known to be an important protective factor in adults in respect of vascular stiffening. However, the association of both muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with arterial properties in younger individuals has been inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric data, CRF, strength status, and arterial stiffness parameters in German primary school children. A total of 76 children, age 6-11 years (63.2% males) were examined. Peripheral systolic blood pressure (PSBP) [mmHg] and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (PDBP) [mmHg] and PWV [m/s] were measured non-invasively after 10 min of rest with the oscillometric cuff-based Mobil-O-Graph (IEM, Healthcare, Stolberg, Germany). CSBP [mmHg] was calculated using the ARCSolver Algorithm (Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria) based on the recorded brachial pulse waves. CRF was measured using the validated Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance run (PACER), also called shuttle-run test, for estimating maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). Hand-grip strength as an indicator of overall muscle strength was determined with the Jamar Analog Hand Dynamometer. The results were recorded in kilograms [kg]. For more detailed analyses, the study group was divided into subcohorts, namely a risk group including children with abnormal blood pressure or high body weight, and a healthy subgroup. Healthy children showed a positive association between PWV and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.016) and CSBP and BMI (p = 0.033), respectively. Hand-grip strength was positively associated with CSBP (left: p = 0.013, right: p = 0.015) and PWV (left: p = 0.008, right: p = 0.002), as well as the number of shuttle run rounds were positively correlated to PWV (p = 0.038) in the whole cohort. No significant association of converted VO2max with arterial PWV was found. The multivariate regression analysis explained 38.8% (R 2 = 0.388) of the variance and the model was a significant predictor of PWV [F (6, 29) = 3.060, p = 0.019], however, none of the integrated covariates (BMI, number of shuttle run rounds, VO2max, dominant hand-grip strength) contributed significantly to the model. The lack of associations between fitness, strength and arterial stiffness might be explained by the few harmful lifestyle factors influencing vascular changes in the first decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kirchhuebel
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Böhm
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Alomari MA, Khalil H, Khabour OF, Wood R. Cardiovascular function is related to neuromuscular performance in Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2018; 8:243-255. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2017-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current study examined the relationship of handgrip, leg and arm neuromuscular performance with cardiovascular function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Materials & methods: Blood pressure, vascular measures and handgrip, shoulder and leg neuromuscular performance were obtained in PD persons and healthy controls. Results: The data reveal that muscular and cardiovascular functions are altered (p < 0.05) in PD. Most importantly, regression indicates that altered central and peripheral cardiovascular function measures demonstrate a moderately strong relationship (p < 0.05) with deteriorated handgrip (R2-range = 0.196–0.257), shoulder (R2-range = 0.146–0.289) and leg (R2-range = 0.19–0.35) neuromuscular performance in PD. Conclusion: These results suggest that deteriorated neuromuscular performance and cardiovascular function are related in PD. Future studies are needed to determine that developing muscular strength might contribute to improving cardiovascular function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alomari
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanan Khalil
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Robert Wood
- Department of Kinesiology & Dance, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
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Legerlotz K. The Effects of Resistance Training on Health of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 14:382-396. [PMID: 33281519 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618759640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many parents still hesitate to encourage their children to participate in resistance training programs. This is unfortunate since recent research shows that resistance training can positively affect children's health. This narrative review aims to present an overview of the health-associated effects resistance training can provide particularly in children and adolescents with disabilities by describing its effects on muscle strength, physical function, mental health, self-concept, obesity, and injury prevention. To illustrate the variety of possible fields of application, the effects of resistance training in children and adolescents suffering from Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, joint hypermobility, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, obesity, and spina bifida are discussed. Although randomized controlled trials with a sufficiently large sample size are rare, the research presented in this review indicates that this mode of training might be a potent tool to improve mental and physical health by improving muscle strength, body composition, self-concept or functionality, reducing pain or injury risk, and strengthening bone or tendons even in the most vulnerable groups of children with physical or mental disability. Furthermore, it has to be emphasized that compared with other types of treatment resistance training is considered to be without adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Legerlotz
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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