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Sahal MR, Senelle G, La K, Panda TW, Taura DW, Guyeux C, Cambau E, Sola C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex drug-resistance, phylogenetics, and evolution in Nigeria: Comparison with Ghana and Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011619. [PMID: 37824575 PMCID: PMC10597489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we provide an in-depth analysis on the drug-resistance phenotypic characteristics of a cohort of 325 tuberculosis and characterize by Whole Genome Sequencing 24 isolates from Nigeria belonging to L4, L5 and L6. Our results suggest an alarming rate of drug-resistance of the L4.6.2.2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) lineage and a high diversity of L5. We compiled these new Sequence Read Archives (SRAs) to previously published ones from available Bioprojects run in Nigeria. We performed RAxML phylogenetic reconstructions of larger samples that include public NCBI SRAs from some neighboring countries (Cameroon, Ghana). To confront phylogenetic reconstruction to metadata, we used a new proprietary database named TB-Annotator. We show that L5 genomes in Northern Nigeria belong to new clades as the ones described until now and allow an update of the taxonomy of L5. In addition, we describe the L4.6.2.2 lineage in Nigeria, Cameroon and Ghana. We provide computations on the likely divergence time of L4.6.2.2 and suggest a new hypothesis concerning its origin. Finally we provide a short overview on M. bovis diversity in Nigeria. This study constitutes a baseline knowledge on the global genomic diversity, phylogeography and phylodynamics of MTBC in Nigeria, as well as on the natural history of this largely ignored but densely populated country of Africa. These results highlight the need of sequencing additional MTBC genomes in Nigeria and more generally in West-Africa, both for public health and for academic reasons. The likelihood of replacement of L5-L6 by L4.6.2.2 isolates, leave potentially little time to gather historical knowledge informative on the ancient history of tuberculosis in West-Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Rabiu Sahal
- Université Paris-Cité, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gaetan Senelle
- FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS, DISC Computer Science Department, Univ. Franche-Comté (UFC), 16 Route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Kevin La
- Université Paris-Cité, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Guyeux
- FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS, DISC Computer Science Department, Univ. Franche-Comté (UFC), 16 Route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambau
- Université Paris-Cité, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France
- APHP, GHU Nord site Bichat, Service de Mycobactériologie Spécialisée et de Référence, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Sola
- Université Paris-Cité, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Ntivuguruzwa JB, Michel AL, Kolo FB, Mwikarago IE, Ngabonziza JCS, van Heerden H. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and characterization of the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from slaughtered cattle in Rwanda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009964. [PMID: 35921351 PMCID: PMC9377585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic disease in Rwanda, but little is known about its prevalence and causative mycobacterial species. The disease causes tremendous losses in livestock and wildlife and remains a significant threat to public health. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study employing a systematic random sampling of cattle (n = 300) with the collection of retropharyngeal lymph nodes and tonsils (n = 300) irrespective of granulomatous lesions was carried out in six abattoirs to investigate the prevalence and identify mycobacterial species using culture, acid-fast bacteria staining, polymerase chain reaction, and GeneXpert assay. Individual risk factors and the origin of samples were analysed for association with the prevalence. Findings Of the 300 sample pools, six were collected with visible TB-like lesions. Our findings demonstrated the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in 1.7% (5/300) of sampled slaughtered cattle. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 1.3% (4/300) animals while one case was caused by a rifampicin-resistant (RR) M. tuberculosis. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria were identified in 12.0% (36/300) of the sampled cattle. There were no significant associations between the prevalence and abattoir category, age, sex, and breeds of slaughtered cattle. Conclusions This study is the first in Rwanda to isolate both M. bovis and RR M. tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle indicating that bTB is present in Rwanda with a low prevalence. The isolation of RR M. tuberculosis from cattle indicates possible zooanthroponotic transmission of M. tuberculosis and close human-cattle contact. To protect humans against occupational zoonotic diseases, it is essential to control bTB in cattle and raise the awareness among all occupational groups as well as reinforce biosafety at the farm level and in the abattoirs. Tuberculosis in cattle (bTB) causes financial losses to livestock owners and is a disease transmissible to humans especially those with an occupational risk through exposure to infected animals and animal products. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of bTB and characterize the mycobacterial species from cattle slaughtered in the six abattoirs in Rwanda. Four M. bovis, as well as one rifampicin-resistant (RR) M. tuberculosis, were identified from slaughtered cattle and, thus, the apparent bTB prevalence was 1.7% (5/300). Likely, the RR M. tuberculosis isolate was mostly likely of human origin and transmitted to cattle during close human-cattle contact. It is therefore essential to control bTB in cattle and reinforce the protection of farmworkers and abattoir workers who are always exposed to infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bosco Ntivuguruzwa
- Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- * E-mail:
| | - Anita L. Michel
- Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Francis Babaman Kolo
- Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ivan Emil Mwikarago
- Department of Human Medicine and Device assessment and Registration, Rwanda Food and Drug Administration, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza
- National Reference Laboratory Division, Department of Biomedical Services, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Clinical Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
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Asare P, Asante-Poku A, Osei-Wusu S, Otchere ID, Yeboah-Manu D. The Relevance of Genomic Epidemiology for Control of Tuberculosis in West Africa. Front Public Health 2021; 9:706651. [PMID: 34368069 PMCID: PMC8342769 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.706651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an airborne infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), remains a global health problem. West Africa has a unique epidemiology of TB that is characterized by medium- to high-prevalence. Moreover, the geographical restriction of M. africanum to the sub-region makes West Africa have an extra burden to deal with a two-in-one pathogen. The region is also burdened with low case detection, late reporting, poor treatment adherence leading to development of drug resistance and relapse. Sporadic studies conducted within the subregion report higher burden of drug resistant TB (DRTB) than previously thought. The need for more sensitive and robust tools for routine surveillance as well as to understand the mechanisms of DRTB and transmission dynamics for the design of effective control tools, cannot be overemphasized. The advancement in molecular biology tools including traditional fingerprinting and next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies offer reliable tools for genomic epidemiology. Genomic epidemiology provides in-depth insight of the nature of pathogens, circulating strains and their spread as well as prompt detection of the emergence of new strains. It also offers the opportunity to monitor treatment and evaluate interventions. Furthermore, genomic epidemiology can be used to understand potential emergence and spread of drug resistant strains and resistance mechanisms allowing the design of simple but rapid tools. In this review, we will describe the local epidemiology of MTBC, highlight past and current investigations toward understanding their biology and spread as well as discuss the relevance of genomic epidemiology studies to TB control in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Asare
- College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adwoa Asante-Poku
- College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen Osei-Wusu
- College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Darko Otchere
- College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Kock R, Michel AL, Yeboah-Manu D, Azhar EI, Torrelles JB, Cadmus SI, Brunton L, Chakaya JM, Marais B, Mboera L, Rahim Z, Haider N, Zumla A. Zoonotic Tuberculosis - The Changing Landscape. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113 Suppl 1:S68-S72. [PMID: 33713812 PMCID: PMC8672060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, Zoonotic TB remains a poorly monitored and an important unaddressed burden. Zoonotic TB primarily from consumption M. bovis contaminated unpasteurized dairy products. Novel zoonotic TB strains (e.g. M. orygis), warrants more attention and intervention. Early detection and control of M. bovis in cattle remains the mainstay of reducing zoonotic TB risk. Reverse zoonosis to animals of treatment resistant TB strains is a threat to eliminating TB.
Despite slow reductions in the annual burden of active human tuberculosis (TB) cases, zoonotic TB (zTB) remains a poorly monitored and an important unaddressed global problem. There is a higher incidence in some regions and countries, especially where close association exists between growing numbers of cattle (the major source of Mycobacterium bovis) and people, many suffering from poverty, and where dairy products are consumed unpasteurised. More attention needs to be focused on possible increased zTB incidence resulting from growth in dairy production globally and increased demand in low income countries in particular. Evidence of new zoonotic mycobacterial strains in South Asia and Africa (e.g. M. orygis), warrants urgent assessment of prevalence, potential drivers and risk in order to develop appropriate interventions. Control of M. bovis infection in cattle through detect and cull policies remain the mainstay of reducing zTB risk, whilst in certain circumstances animal vaccination is proving beneficial. New point of care diagnostics will help to detect animal infections and human cases. Given the high burden of human tuberculosis (caused by M. tuberculosis) in endemic areas, animals are affected by reverse zoonosis, including multi-drug resistant strains. This, may create drug resistant reservoirs of infection in animals. Like COVID-19, zTB is evolving in an ever-changing global landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kock
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Anita L Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana.
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Simeon I Cadmus
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Lucy Brunton
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Jeremiah M Chakaya
- Department of Medicine, Therapeutics, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine UK.
| | - Ben Marais
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Leonard Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Zeaur Rahim
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Najmul Haider
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Cho YS, Lee SE, Woo JT, Oh J, Choi HW, Kwon JH, Kim JT, Ha G, Jung S. Comparing recombinant MPB70/SahH and native 20-kDa protein for detecting bovine tuberculosis using ELISA. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1631-1638. [PMID: 33055466 PMCID: PMC7719871 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Test-and-cull protocols and gross pathological examinations of abattoir
animals as well as milk pasteurization have been implemented to prevent the spread of tuberculosis from animals to humans worldwide. Despite the importance of
precise and rapid diagnostic tests, conventional methods including intradermal skin tests and γ-interferon assays are limited by the high rate of false-negative
results for cattle in the late infectious stage and due to laborious and time-consuming procedures. Therefore, antibody detection methods such as enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are urgently needed to supplement the established approaches and expand the diagnostic window. This study was conducted to develop a
bTB ELISA by evaluating recombinant and native proteins and various assay parameters. We produced recombinant MPB70 and SahH (M70S) and a native 20-kDa protein
(20K) and optimized the ELISA protocol. The 20K ELISA showed 94.4% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity with an optimal sample-to-positive ratio cut-off of 0.531.
The sensitivity and specificity of M70S ELISA were 94.4% and 97.3%, respectively, with an optimal sample-to-negative ratio cut-off of 1.696. Both assays showed
acceptable diagnostic efficiency and could be used for bTB diagnosis in combination with established methods for herd screening and to expand the diagnostic
window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sang Cho
- Bacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Bacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Woo
- Gyeonggi Province Veterinary Service Center, Suwon 16381, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsik Oh
- Bionote Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Won Choi
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyeok Kwon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Kim
- Gyeonggi Province Veterinary Service Center, Suwon 16381, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunwoo Ha
- Bionote Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Jung
- Bacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
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Sabio Y García J, Bigi MM, Klepp LI, García EA, Blanco FC, Bigi F. Does Mycobacterium bovis persist in cattle in a non-replicative latent state as Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human beings? Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108758. [PMID: 32768211 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are responsible for tuberculosis in several mammals. In this complex, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, which are closely related, show host preference for humans and cattle, respectively. Although human and bovine tuberculosis are clinically similar, M. tuberculosis mostly causes latent infection in humans, whereas M. bovis frequently leads to an acute infection in cattle. This review attempts to connect the pathology in experimental animal models as well as the cellular responses to M. bovis and M. tuberculosis regarding the differences in protein expression and regulatory mechanisms of both pathogens that could explain their apparent divergent latency behaviour. The occurrence of latent bovine tuberculosis (bTB) would represent a serious complication for the eradication of the disease in cattle, with the risk of onward transmission to humans. Thus, understanding the physiological events that may lead to the state of latency in bTB could assist in the development of appropriate prevention and control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sabio Y García
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - María M Bigi
- (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía), University of Buenos Aires, School of Agronomy Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires Argentina.
| | - Laura I Klepp
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Elizabeth A García
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Federico C Blanco
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
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