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Cheong KL, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li T, Ou Y, Shen J, Zhong S, Tan K. Role of Polysaccharides from Marine Seaweed as Feed Additives for Methane Mitigation in Ruminants: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3153. [PMID: 37571046 PMCID: PMC10420924 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions associated with livestock production, the need to discover effective strategies to mitigate methane production in ruminants is clear. Marine algal polysaccharides have emerged as a promising research avenue because of their abundance and sustainability. Polysaccharides, such as alginate, laminaran, and fucoidan, which are extracted from marine seaweeds, have demonstrated the potential to reduce methane emissions by influencing the microbial populations in the rumen. This comprehensive review extensively examines the available literature and considers the effectiveness, challenges, and prospects of using marine seaweed polysaccharides as feed additives. The findings emphasise that marine algal polysaccharides can modulate rumen fermentation, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and inhibit methanogenic archaea, ultimately leading to decreases in methane emissions. However, we must understand the long-term effects and address the obstacles to practical implementation. Further research is warranted to optimise dosage levels, evaluate potential effects on animal health, and assess economic feasibility. This critical review provides insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders dedicated to advancing sustainable livestock production and methane mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.-L.C.)
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.-L.C.)
| | - Zhuoting Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.-L.C.)
| | - Tongtong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.-L.C.)
| | - Yiqing Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.-L.C.)
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.-L.C.)
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.-L.C.)
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535000, China
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Muizelaar W, van Duinkerken G, Khan Z, Dijkstra J. Evaluation of 3 northwest European seaweed species on enteric methane production and lactational performance of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00270-9. [PMID: 37225576 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds have been studied for their ability to reduce enteric methane emissions of ruminants when fed as a feed supplement. In vivo research with dairy cattle is mainly limited to the seaweed species Ascophyllum nodosum and Asparagopsis taxiformis, whereas in vitro gas production research covers a broader range of brown, red, and green seaweed species from different regions. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of Chondrus crispus (Rhodophyta), Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyta), and Fucus serratus (Phaeophyta), 3 common northwest European seaweeds, on enteric methane production and lactational performance of dairy cattle. Sixty-four Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle (16 primiparous, 48 multiparous) averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 91 ± 22.6 d in milk and 35.4 ± 8.13 kg/d fat- and protein-corrected milk yield (FPCM) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Cows were fed a partial mixed ration [54.2% grass silage, 20.8% corn silage, and 25.0% concentrate; dry matter (DM) basis] with additional concentrate bait in the milking parlor and the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc.). The 4 treatments consisted of a control diet without seaweed supplement (CON), or CON supplemented with 150 g/d (fresh weight of dried seaweed) of either C. crispus (CC), S. latissima (SL), or a 50/50 mix (DM basis) of F. serratus and S. latissima. Milk yield (28.7 vs. 27.5 kg/d, respectively), fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) yield (31.4 vs. 30.2 kg/d, respectively), milk lactose content (4.57 vs. 4.52%, respectively), and lactose yield (1,308 vs. 1,246 g/d, respectively) increased for SL compared with CON. Milk protein content was lower for SL compared with the other treatments. Milk fat and protein contents; yields of fat, protein, lactose, and FPCM; feed efficiency; milk nitrogen efficiency; and somatic cell count did not differ between CON and the other treatments. Depending on week of experiment, milk urea content was higher for SL compared with CON and CC. No effects were observed of the treatments compared with CON for DM intake, number of visits to the GreenFeed, or gas emission (production, yield, or intensity) of CO2, CH4, and H2. In conclusion, the seaweeds evaluated did not decrease enteric CH4 emissions and did not negatively affect feed intake and lactational performance of dairy cattle. Milk yield, FPCM yield, milk lactose content, and lactose yield increased, and milk protein content decreased, with S. latissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Muizelaar
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - G van Duinkerken
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Z Khan
- Foundation BlueO2, Oude Haagweg 679, 2552 GM Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zhang M, Mo R, Li M, Qu Y, Wang H, Liu T, Liu P, Wu Y. Comparison of the Effects of Enzymolysis Seaweed Powder and Saccharomyces boulardii on Intestinal Health and Microbiota Composition in Kittens. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050637. [PMID: 37233678 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kittens are prone to intestinal health problems as their intestines are not completely developed. Seaweed is rich in plant polysaccharides and bioactive substances that are highly beneficial to gut health. However, the effects of seaweed on cat gut health have not been assessed. This study compared the effects of dietary supplementation with enzymolysis seaweed powder and Saccharomyces boulardii on the intestinal health of kittens. In total, 30 Ragdoll kittens (age: 6 months; weight: 1.50 ± 0.29 kg) were assigned to three treatment groups for a 4-week feeding trial. The dietary treatment given was as follows: (1) basal diet (CON); (2) CON + enzymolysis seaweed powder (20 g/kg of feed) mixed evenly with the diet (SE); and (3) CON + Saccharomyces boulardii (2 × 1010 CFU/kg of feed) mixed evenly with the diet (SB). Compared with the CON and SB groups, dietary supplementation with the enzymolysis seaweed powder improved the immune and antioxidant capacity and also reduced the intestinal permeability and inflammation levels of kittens. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, and Faecalibacterium in the SE group was higher than those in the CON and SB groups (p ≤ 0.05), while the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota, Sutterellaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridium in the SB group was lower than that in the SE group (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, enzymolysis seaweed powder did not alter the level of intestinal SCFAs in kittens. Conclusively, supplementing kitten diet with enzymolysis seaweed powder can promote intestinal health by enhancing the gut barrier function and optimizing the microbiota composition. Our findings provide new perspectives on the application of enzymolysis seaweed powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruixia Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingtan Li
- Shidai Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264319, China
| | - Yuankai Qu
- Shidai Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264319, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Qin N, Pétursdóttir ÁH, Humphries DJ, Desnica N, Newton EE, Vanhatalo A, Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Bell L, Givens DI, Juniper DT, Gunnlaugsdóttir H, Stergiadis S. Mineral concentrations in milk from cows fed seaweed (Saccharina latissima) under different basal protein supplementation. Food Chem 2023; 403:134315. [PMID: 36183466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows in four blocks of 4 × 4 Latin square over 4-week experimental periods were used to study the effects of seaweed (Saccharina latissima) supplement (with/without) and protein source (rapeseed meal (RSM)/wheat distiller's grain (WDG)) on milk mineral concentrations. Dietary treatments did not affect milk production and basic composition. Feeding seaweed slightly decreased milk Ca and Cu concentrations; whilst increased (by 3.3-fold) milk iodine (I) concentration, due to a higher dietary I supply. Substitution of WDG with RSM increased feed-to-milk transfer of Ca, Na, and Se and decreased that of Mg, P, Fe, and Mn; but only reduced milk Mn and I concentrations (the latter by 27 % as a potential result of increased glucosinolate intake). Seaweed supplement can improve milk I content when cows' I supply/availability is limited, but care should be taken to avoid excess milk I contents that may pose nutritional risks for young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbing Qin
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | | | - David J Humphries
- Centre for Dairy Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Hall Farm House Church Ln, Reading RG2 9HX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric E Newton
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Aila Vanhatalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - Luke Bell
- Department of Crop Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - D Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Darren T Juniper
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir
- Matís ltd, Vínlandsleið 12, Reykjavík 113, Iceland; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
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Sofyan A, Irawan A, Herdian H, Jasmadi, Harahap MA, Sakti AA, Suryani AE, Novianty H, Kurniawan T, Darma ING, Windarsih A, Jayanegara A. Effects of various macroalgae species on methane production, rumen fermentation, and ruminant production: A meta-analysis from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022; 294:115503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Costa M, Cardoso C, Afonso C, Bandarra NM, Prates JAM. Current knowledge and future perspectives of the use of seaweeds for livestock production and meat quality: a systematic review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1075-1102. [PMID: 33660883 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary macroalgae, or seaweeds, on growth performance and meat quality of livestock animal species are here reviewed. Macroalgae are classified into Phaeophyceae (brown algae), Rhodophyceae (red algae) and Chlorophyceae (green algae). The most common macroalga genera used as livestock feedstuffs are: Ascophyllum, Laminaria and Undaria for brown algae; Ulva, Codium and Cladophora for green algae; and Pyropia, Chondrus and Palmaria for red algae. Macroalgae are rich in many nutrients, including bioactive compounds, such as soluble polysaccharides, with some species being good sources of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. To date, the incorporation of macroalgae in livestock animal diets was shown to improve growth and meat quality, depending on the alga species, dietary level and animal growth stage. Generally, Ascophyllum nodosum can increase average daily gain (ADG) in ruminant and pig mostly due to its prebiotic activity in animal's gut. A. nodosum also enhances marbling score, colour uniformity and redness, and can decrease saturated fatty acids in ruminant meats. Laminaria sp., mainly Laminaria digitata, increases ADG and feed efficiency, and improves the antioxidant potential of pork. Ulva sp., and its mixture with Codium sp., was shown to improve poultry growth at up to 10% feed. Therefore, seaweeds are promising sustainable alternatives to corn and soybean as feed ingredients, thus attenuating the current competition among food-feed-biofuel industries. In addition, macroalgae can hinder eutrophication and participate in bioremediation. However, some challenges need to be overcome, such as the development of large-scale and cost-effective algae production methods and the improvement of algae digestibility by monogastric animals. The dietary inclusion of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) could allow for the degradation of recalcitrant macroalga cell walls, with an increase of nutrients bioavailability. Overall, the use of macroalgae as feedstuffs is a promising strategy for the development of a more sustainable livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Costa
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- DivAV - Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- DivAV - Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M Bandarra
- DivAV - Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Esteves E, Whyte P, Gupta TB, Bolton D. The survival of blown pack spoilage associated Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes spores during the ensiling of grass. FEMS Microbes 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Blown pack spoilage (BPS) of vacuum packaged primals, caused by Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes, is a serious issue for the beef industry. There are multiple sources of these bacteria on beef farms, including grass and associated feed preparations. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of C. estertheticum and C. gasigenes spores during the ensiling of grass and the subsequent opening of the silos. Grass, harvested from fields, with and without cattle slurry amendment, was inoculated with approximately 100 spores/g and ensiled using a laboratory (silo) model system at 20°C in the dark. Adding formic acid or sucrose resulted in six treatment combination as follows: no slurry (NS), no slurry plus formic acid (NSFA), no slurry plus sucrose (NSS), slurry (S), slurry plus formic acid (SFA) and slurry plus sucrose (SS). During the silage fermentation, samples were removed periodically and tested for C. estertheticum, C. gasigenes, total viable, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts. The pH, ethanol, volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactic acid and ammonia concentrations were also monitored throughout the experiment. C. estertheticum did not survive the ensiling process, regardless of treatment. In contrast, C. gasigenes grew in the early stages and was detected during the entirety of the fermentation for all treatments. Based on these observations, it was concluded that the silage fermentation process described would not remove C. gasigenes and contaminated grass may result in contaminated feed for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Esteves
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Food Assurance Team, AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - Paul Whyte
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tanushree B Gupta
- Food Assurance Team, AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - Declan Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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Newton EE, Pétursdóttir ÁH, Ríkharðsson G, Beaumal C, Desnica N, Giannakopoulou K, Juniper D, Ray P, Stergiadis S. Effect of Dietary Seaweed Supplementation in Cows on Milk Macrominerals, Trace Elements and Heavy Metal Concentrations. Foods 2021; 10:1526. [PMID: 34359396 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of seaweed supplementation in dairy cow diets on milk yield, basic composition, and mineral concentrations. Thirty-seven Icelandic cows were split into three diet treatments: control (CON, no seaweed), low seaweed (LSW, 0.75% concentrate dry matter (DM), 13–40 g/cow/day), and high seaweed (HSW, 1.5% concentrate DM, 26–158 g/cow/day). Cows were fed the same basal diet of grass silage and concentrate for a week, and then were introduced to the assigned experimental diets for 6 weeks. The seaweed mix of 91% Ascophyllum nodosum: 9% Laminaria digitata (DM basis), feed, and milk samples were collected weekly. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed effects model, with diet, week, and their interaction as fixed factors, cow ID as random factor, and the pre-treatment week data as a covariate. When compared with CON milk, LSW and HSW milk had, respectively, less Se (−1.4 and −3.1 μg/kg milk) and more I (+744 and +1649 μg/kg milk), while HSW milk also had less Cu (−11.6 μg/kg milk) and more As (+0.17 μg/kg milk) than CON milk. The minimal changes or concentrations in milk for Se, Cu, and As cannot be associated with any effects on consumer nutrition, but care should be taken when I-rich seaweed is fed to cows to avoid excessive animal I supply and milk I concentrations.
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Lee JS, Kang S, Kim MJ, Han SG, Lee HG. Dietary supplementation with combined extracts from garlic (Allium sativum), brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida), and pinecone (Pinus koraiensis) improves milk production in Holstein cows under heat stress conditions. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019; 33:111-119. [PMID: 31902187 PMCID: PMC6946988 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to examine the effects of a mixture of pinecone oil, garlic, and brown seaweed extracts (PGBE) on milk production traits as well as physiological and ethological parameters in Holstein cows during the summer season (24 May to 03 July 2015, Korea). METHODS Among the extract combinations tested, we found that the level of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylberzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) cation radical scavenging activity of the 0.16% PBGE complex at ratio of 1:1:1 (vol/vol) was comparable to that of the control (ascorbic acid; 1 mg/mL). Additionally, the PBGE complex reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced COX-2 expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Based on these findings, 40 lactating Holstein cows were used to measure the effects of PBGE complex at ratio of 1:1:1 (vol/vol) on milk production, immune response, metabolites, and behavior patterns by dividing the cows into two groups fed diets containing PGBE complex (n = 20; 0.016%/kg feed dry matter basis) or not containing PGBE complex (control, n = 20) for 40 d. RESULTS Results showed that PGBE complex did not influence milk composition, eating and ear surface temperature patterns, immune response, or metabolic parameters but promoted average milk yield throughout the experimental period. Additionally, a tendency of higher total antioxidant capacity and glutathione in the PGBE group was observed compared to the those in the control. When the temperature-humidity index (THI) exceeded 72 (average THI = 73.8), PGBE complex-fed cows experiencing heat stress showed increased milk yield and a tendency of increased rumination compared to the control. CONCLUSION We suggest that incorporation of a combined mixture of 0.016% PGBE (1:1:1 ratio, vol/vol) to diet has the potential to improve milk yield and health status of cows under mild to moderate heat stress, denoting that it might be useful as an alternative anti-stressor in the diet of dairy cows under hot conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sukyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung-Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Beck M, Al-marashdeh O, Gregorini P. Low levels of a seaweed (Ecklonia radiata) extract alter in vitro fermentation products but not in combination with quebracho (Schinopsis quebracho-colorado) tannins. Applied Animal Science 2019; 35:476-81. [DOI: 10.15232/aas.2019-01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cherry P, Yadav S, Strain CR, Allsopp PJ, McSorley EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity? Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E327. [PMID: 31159359 PMCID: PMC6627129 DOI: 10.3390/md17060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit", which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Supriya Yadav
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Conall R Strain
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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Quigley A, Walsh SW, Hayes E, Connolly D, Cummins W. Effect of seaweed supplementation on tocopherol concentrations in bovine milk using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:152-157. [PMID: 29902754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, combined with HPLC-UV detection, was developed for the extraction and preconcentration of δ-tocopherol from bovine milk. This method was used to study the effect of supplementing cow feed with the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum on vitamin content in milk. The optimal experimental conditions were determined: 200 μL of chloroform (extraction solvent), 1.0 mL of ethanol (dispersive solvent), 5 mL of water (aqueous phase). Under these optimal conditions the DLLME method provided linearity in the range 0.01 μg/mL to 8 μg/mL with R2 values of 0.998. Limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 μg/mL, while the enrichment factor was 89. Cow feed that was supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum was shown to increase δ-tocopherol levels from 3.82 μg/mL to 5.96 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Quigley
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
| | - Siobhán W Walsh
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Eva Hayes
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Damian Connolly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Wayne Cummins
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Ben Gara A, Ben Abdallah Kolsi R, Chaaben R, Hammami N, Kammoun M, Paolo Patti F, El Feki A, Fki L, Belghith H, Belghith K. Inhibition of key digestive enzymes related to hyperlipidemia and protection of liver-kidney functions by Cystoseira crinita sulphated polysaccharide in high-fat diet-fed rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:517-526. [PMID: 27903424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this current study was to investigate the possible hyperlipidemic and antioxidative effects of Cystoseira crinita sulfated polysaccharide (CCSP) in rats fed with a high-fat diet, exhibited an inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase in vitro. In vivo administration of this extract to HFD-rats lowered body weight and potentially inhibited key enzymes of lipid metabolism and absorption as lipase activity in both plasma and small intestine, which led to a notable decrease of blood LDL- cholesterol (LDL-Ch) and triglycerides (TG) levels, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-Ch) levels in HFD-rats. CCSP was also observed to protect the liver-kidney functions efficiently, by decreasing of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities and creatinine, albumin, T-bilirubin, uric acid, and urea rates in plasma. The histological analysis of liver and kidney tissues further established the positive effect of CCSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Gara
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Stazione Zoologica 'A. Dohrn', Functional and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Punta S. Pietro, Ischia Naples, Italy,.
| | - Rihab Ben Abdallah Kolsi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Chaaben
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Hammami
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Majed Kammoun
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Francesco Paolo Patti
- Stazione Zoologica 'A. Dohrn', Functional and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Punta S. Pietro, Ischia Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lotfi Fki
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Belghith
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karima Belghith
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Choi Y, Hosseindoust A, Goel A, Lee S, Jha PK, Kwon IK, Chae BJ. Effects of Ecklonia cava as fucoidan-rich algae on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology and caecal microflora in weanling pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 30:64-70. [PMID: 27165019 PMCID: PMC5205593 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective In the present study, role of increasing levels of Ecklonia cava (seaweed) supplementation in diets was investigated on growth performance, coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, serum immunoglobulins, cecal microflora and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs. Methods A total of 200 weaned pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; initial body weight 7.08±0.15 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of body weight. There were 5 replicate pens in each treatment including 10 pigs of each. Treatments were divided by dietary Ecklonia cava supplementation levels (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.15%) in growing-finishing diets. There were 2 diet formulation phases throughout the experiment. The pigs were offered the diets ad libitum for the entire period of experiment in meal form. Results The pigs fed with increasing dietary concentrations of Ecklonia cava had linear increase (p<0.05) in the overall average daily gain, however, there were no significant differences in gain to feed ratio, CTTAD of dry matter and crude protein at both phase I and phase II. Digestibility of gross energy was linearly improved (p<0.05) in phase II. At day 28, pigs fed Ecklonia cava had greater (linear, p<0.05) Lactobacillus spp., fewer Escherichia coli (E. coli) spp. (linear, p<0.05) and a tendency to have fewer cecal Clostridium spp. (p = 0.077). The total anaerobic bacteria were not affected with supplementation of Ecklonia cava in diets. Polynomial contrasts analysis revealed that villus height of the ileum exhibited a linear increase (p<0.05) in response with the increase in the level of dietary Ecklonia cava. However, villus height of duodenum and jejunum, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio of different segments of the intestine were not affected. Conclusion The results suggest that Ecklonia cava had beneficial effects on the growth performance, cecal microflora, and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Choi
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Akshat Goel
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Suhyup Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ill Kyong Kwon
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Byung-Jo Chae
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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