1
|
Nadziakiewicz M, Lis MW, Micek P. The effect of dietary halloysite supplementation on the performance and meat quality of pigs and some air indices in piggery. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20533. [PMID: 36447022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Halloysite, a clay mineral of the kaolin, has specific properties, characteristic for the conditions in which it was formed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of halloysite from the Dunino deposit in a complete diet for pigs on daily body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood parameters, chemical composition of meat and chosen environment indices in the piggery. The trial was conducted on 144 piglets from weaning (d 29) to 85th day of life, then on 40 porkers divided into two groups. Animals were fed diets without (group C) or with halloysite (group E; 1.5% until d 128, then 1.0%). Pigs from group E were characterized by a lower number of days with diarrhea. The average BWG in E group was 44 g higher than in group C (P < 0.01). In turn, during the fattening period, the difference in BWG between groups was 60 g in favor of E (P < 0.05) and average FCR in group E was 4.9% lower compared to group C (P < 0.05). At the end of the study, the pigs from group E had 6.9% higher final body weight (P < 0.01). During both the morning and evening measurements, ammonia concentration in the air was lower by 16.3% and 23.8%, respectively. The use of halloysite enabled improvement of pig fattening efficiency, while reducing the costs of pork production and the negative effect of ammonia on the animals' welfare and environment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Q, Zhan X, Wang B, Wang F, Zhou Y, Xu S, Li X, Tang L, Jin Q, Li W, Gong L, Fu A. Modified Montmorillonite Improved Growth Performance of Broilers by Modulating Intestinal Microbiota and Enhancing Intestinal Barriers, Anti-Inflammatory Response, and Antioxidative Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091799. [PMID: 36139873 PMCID: PMC9495330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of modified montmorillonite (MMT, copper loading) on the growth performance, gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, antioxidative capacity and immune function of broilers. Yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into control (CTR), modified montmorillonite (MMT), and antibiotic (ANTI) groups. Results revealed that MMT supplementation increased the BW and ADG and decreased the F/R during the 63-day experiment period. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that MMT modulated the cecal microbiota composition of broilers by increasing the relative abundance of two phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) and two genera (Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium) and decreasing the abundance of genus Olsenella. MMT also improved the intestinal epithelial barrier indicated by the up-regulated mRNA expression of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 and the increased length of microvilli in jejunum and the decreased levels of DAO and D-LA in serum. In addition, MMT enhanced the immune function indicated by the increased levels of immunoglobulins, the decreased levels of MPO and NO, the down-regulated mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the up-regulated mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, MMT down-regulated the expression of jejunal TLRs/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway-related genes (TLR2, TLR4, Myd88, TRAF6, NF-κB, and iNOS) and related proteins (TRAF6, p38, ERK, NF-κB, and iNOS). In addition, MMT increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway-related genes and thereby decreased the apoptosis-related genes expression. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Olsenella were related to the inflammatory index (MPO and NO), oxidative stress (T-AOC, T-SOD, and CAT) and intestinal integrity (D-LA and DAO). Taken together, MMT supplementation improved the growth performance of broilers by modulating intestinal microbiota, enhancing the intestinal barrier function, and improving inflammatory response, which might be mediated by inhibiting the TLRs/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, and antioxidative capacity mediated by the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Fenghong Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shujie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Aikun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Horky P, Nevrka P, Kopec T, Bano I, Skoric M, Skladanka J, Skalickova S. Is a new generation of mycotoxin clay adsorbents safe in a pig's diet? Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:31. [PMID: 35787737 PMCID: PMC9254414 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bentonites, as a clay mineral, serve in pig farms as adsorbents of toxic substances. They are mainly used to reduce the negative impact of mycotoxins to maintain the performance and health status of animals. The new genotypes of pigs are highly sensitive to a range of antinutrients, including mycotoxins. Currently, attention is focused on more effective adsorbents of mycotoxins with a higher adsorption capacity. Such materials are in great demand among feed manufacturers. However, there is a concern that these new materials may also adsorb too many essential nutrients and decrease animal performance. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of the new generation of purified bentonites on the efficiency and health status of the pigs. Results Forty-eight slaughtered pigs with an average weight of 31.2 ± 2.6 kg were included in the experiment. The pigs were divided into two groups (2 × 24 pigs). Pigs were slaughtered at an average weight of 66.3 ± 5.2. The first group had a diet without clay (control—C). The second group (treatment—T) was fed a diet with a clay additive (purified bentonite) of 1.5 kg/t. Animals were fed the experimental diet for 35 days. In group T, a higher daily weight gain (by 4.8%) and feed intake (by 2.9%) was observed while the feed conversion decreased by 1.9%. There were no significant differences between the groups of pigs during observation in the evaluation of hematological, biochemical parameters of the blood. Morpho-pathological analysis of the jejunum showed similar signs of moderate lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the mucosa in the groups C and T, contained similar number of goblet cells. Conclusion Taken together, the addition of the new generation of bentonite clays did not negatively influence the health status and the performance of pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Nevrka
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kopec
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iqra Bano
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, 67210, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Misa Skoric
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho trida 1946/1, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Skladanka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santos EV, Fontes DO, Benfato MDS, Hackenhaar FS, Salomon T, Jacob DV, Prévéraud D, Araujo WAG, da Glória EM, Domingos RL, Lopes IMG, Guedes LLM, Lima VR, Cardoso LA, Silva BAN. Mycotoxin deactivator improves performance, antioxidant status, and reduces oxidative stress in nursery pigs fed diets containing mycotoxins. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6380201. [PMID: 34599328 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of mycotoxins can result in many problems, including decreased growth rates and immune suppression. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the supplementation of a mycotoxin deactivator composed by adsorbent clay minerals; inactivated fermentation extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and blend of antioxidants, organic acids, and botanicals in diets containing added mycotoxins for nursery pigs on their performance and antioxidant status. Ninety pigs weaned with 24 d of age (7.12 ± 0.68 kg of BW) were used. Pigs were housed in pens of three animals each according to body weight, litter origin, and sex. The dietary treatments consisted of feeding the pigs with a standard control diet as negative control (NC; mycotoxin levels at accepted regulatory Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture standards; deoxynivalenol (DON): <100 μg/kg; zearalenone (ZEA): <20 μg/kg; fumonisins (FB): <1 mg/kg); the standard diet added with mycotoxins to reach a low contamination level is considered as positive low (PCL-; DON: 900 μg/kg; ZEA: 100 μg/kg; FB: 5,000 μg/kg) without deactivator; a positive low added the deactivator at an inclusion rate of 1 kg/ton (PCL+); the standard diet added with mycotoxins to reach a high contamination level is considered as positive high (PCH-; DON: 4,500 μg/kg; ZEA: 500 μg/kg; FB: 18,000 μg/kg) without the deactivator; and a positive high added the deactivator at an inclusion rate of 5 kg/ton (PCH+). Pigs were individually weighed at the beginning and at the end of each phase and feed intake recorded based on daily pen intake during the experiment. On days 7, 19, 34, and 43 post-weaning, blood samples were drawn for antioxidant analyses. Antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and total superoxide dismutase [TSOD]), vitamins [Vit A, E, and C], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were evaluated in erythrocyte and plasma samples. Pigs challenged with mycotoxins presented lower performance traits, decrease in the efficiency of central antioxidant systems (↓GPx, ↓TSOD, ↓Vit A, ↓Vit E, and ↓Vit C), and a higher oxidative damage to lipids (↑MDA) when compared with the control and deactivator-associated treatments. Our findings showed that the use of a mycotoxin deactivator can mitigate the negative impacts on performance and oxidative stress when animals are subjected to diets contaminated by different levels of mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vivian Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil.,Veterinary School/VET, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Dalton Oliveira Fontes
- Veterinary School/VET, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mara da Silveira Benfato
- Institute of Biosciences/IBIO, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90650-001, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Schäfer Hackenhaar
- Institute of Biosciences/IBIO, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90650-001, Brazil
| | - Tiago Salomon
- Institute of Biosciences/IBIO, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90650-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wagner Azis Garcia Araujo
- Animal Science Unit, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG), Januária, Minas Gerais, 39480-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maria da Glória
- Biological Science Department, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz/ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Idael Mateus Goes Lopes
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Lis Lorena Melúcio Guedes
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Valesca Ribeiro Lima
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Cardoso
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alexander Nunes Silva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee JH, Yun W, Oh HJ, An JS, Kim YG, Lee CG, Cho JH. Effects of dietary silicate levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, odorous gas emissions, blood characteristics, and foot and mouth disease antibodies in weaning to finishing pigs. Can J Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate effects of different levels of silicate supplementation in weaning to finishing pigs. A total of 96 piglets [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with initial body weight of 11.30 ± 0.02 kg were used for 16 wk (six replicate pens with four pigs per pen). Dietary treatment consisted of 0% (CON), 0.1% (T1), 0.5% (T2), and 1.0% (T3) silicate in the basal diet. Inclusion of 0.1% dietary silicate increased (P < 0.05) body weight, average daily gain, and gain-to-feed ratio in 0–16 wk. In addition, inclusion of 0.1% dietary silicate increased (P < 0.05) crude protein digestibility in 8 and 16 wk, whereas it decreased (P < 0.05) Escherichia coli count and ammonia emissions throughout the study period. Additionally, inclusion of dietary silicate increased (linear, P < 0.05) white blood cell in 4 wk, whereas it increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) white blood cell counts in 8 and 16 wk. Blood urea nitrogen decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05), and lymphocyte and foot and mouth antibodies increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) when silicate level increased. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.1% silicate in the diet showed positive effects in weaning to finishing pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Jin Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gwang Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 361-763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Wang C, Gu X, Zhao J, Nie C, Zhang W, Ma X. Dietary Montmorillonite Improves the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Optimizes the Intestinal Microbial Community of Weaned Piglets. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:593056. [PMID: 33324372 PMCID: PMC7723851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of dietary montmorillonite on the growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier, and microbial community in weaned piglets with control group (CON) and dietary supplementation of 0.2% montmorillonite (0.2% M). Compared with the CON group, 0.2% M feed in the diet increased the average daily gain (ADG) on days 15-35 and day 1-35 and the average daily feed intake on days 1-35 (ADFI) (0.05 < P < 0.1). Besides, higher villus height of the duodenum and jejunum and lower crypt depth of duodenum and colon were revealed in the 0.2% M group than in the CON group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the V/C (ratio of the villus height and crypt depth) in the 0.2% M group was increased compared to that in the CON group both from the duodenum and ileum (P < 0.05). The relative mRNA expression of mucin-1, ITGB1 (β1-integrins), and PKC (protein kinase C) of ileum in the 0.2% M group were upregulated (P < 0.05) compared to that in the CON group. The digesta sample of ileum from piglets in the 0.2% M group contained greater (P < 0.05) intestinal bacterial diversity and abundances of probiotics, such as Streptococcus, Eubacterium_rectale_group, and Lactobacillus, which could promote the synthesis of carbon-containing biomolecules. Overall, dietary supplementation of 0.2% M was shown to have a tendency to improve the growth performance of weaned piglets and may enhance their intestinal mucosal barrier function via altering the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Congmin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueling Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee J, Song M, Yun W, Liu S, Oh H, An J, Kim Y, Lee C, Kim H, Cho J. Effects of silicate derived from quartz porphyry supplementation in the health of weaning to growing pigs after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1817748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Shudong Liu
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Oh
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon An
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggwang Kim
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyeunbum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Zhu L, Gong L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liao J, Ke L, Dong B. Effects of Activated Charcoal-Herb Extractum Complex on Antioxidant Status, Lipid Metabolites and Safety of Excess Supplementation in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1151. [PMID: 31847500 PMCID: PMC6940724 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of activated charcoal-herb extractum complex (CHC) on antioxidant status, serum lipid metabolites and its safety supplement in weaning piglets. In experiment 1, a total of 216 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) weaned at 28 days of age with initial body weight of 8.55 ± 1.18 kg were assigned randomly to six treatment groups. each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 mg kg-1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. Diets supplemented with 0 and 1000 mg kg-1 of montmorillonite (MMT) were set as the negative and positive controls, respectively. In experiment 2, pigs (n = 108) weaned at 28 days of age with initial body weight of 8.58 ± 0.04 kg were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 1000 or 10,000 mg kg-1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. In experiment 1, on day 14, supplementation with CHC significantly decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration while they decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration on d 28, CHC at 500, 1000 or 1500 mg kg-1 significantly increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. Supplementation with 500 or 1000 mg kg-1 CHC reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration during the entire experimental period and increased the concentration of serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) on d 14. CHC at 500 or 1000 mg kg-1 significantly reduced the liver MDA concentration and increased liver T-SOD concentration. In experiment 2, increased ADG was obvious during the first 14 days and the whole period in 1000 mg kg-1 supplemented pigs, similarly F: G was lowest in the first 14 days. There was no difference in growth performance, visceral index, haematological and serum biochemical parameters and visceral organs morphology between pigs fed 10,000 mg kg-1 of CHC and control. Together, 500 to 1000 mg kg-1 CHC was confirmed to improve antioxidant status, and serum lipid metabolites in this study and excess supplementation of CHC is safe in weaning piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Limin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jianling Liao
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanping 353200, China; (J.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Linfu Ke
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanping 353200, China; (J.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
WAKADE BA, INGOLE SD, BHARUCHA SV, NAGVEKAR AS. Effect of toxin binders on immunity and aflatoxin M1 residues in milk in buffaloes. Indian J of Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i9.93770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of dietary toxin binders on AFM1 and immunity in buffaloes 48 Murrah buffaloes in same lactating phase were divided into 4 groups, viz. control (C), T1, T2 and T3 (toxin binder fed buffaloes) comprising of 12 animals each. The average milk AFM1 concentration decreased slightly in control group while marked decrease was found in T1 group throughout the experiment. The average milk SCC showed non significant increase in all the groups. Serum IgG concentration in control group decreased significantly from day 0 to day 45, while in groups T1, T2 and T3 there was significant increase, whereas no significant difference in serum IgG concentration was observed between the groups. The average serum total protein concentration in all the groups from day 7 through day 15, 30 and 45 was almost similar and within reference range. There was no significant difference between the groups. The average serum SGOT level was significant between the days in all the groups. The average SGPT concentration between the days was non significant in control and T1 groups and significant decrease was observed in T2 and T3 groups. The SGPT concentration was highly significant between control and T1, T2, T3 groups, respectively. The results suggested that feeding of toxin binder is effective in reducing AFM1 in milk at the dose rate of 50 mg/day having composition of exal 44.44% + bentonite 55.56% indicating that it provides a potential protective mechanism against aflatoxin exposure and also some alterations in biochemical parameters and IgG.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang L, Gong L, Zhu L, Peng C, Liao J, Ke L, Dong B. Effects of activated charcoal-herb extractum complex on the growth performance, immunological indices, intestinal morphology and microflora in weaning piglets. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5948-5957. [PMID: 35517287 PMCID: PMC9060878 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of activated charcoal-herb extractum complex (CHC) on the growth performance, immunological indices, intestinal morphology and microflora in weaning piglets to determine the optimal supplemental dose. A total of 216 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) with an initial body weight of 8.55 ± 1.18 kg were randomly assigned to six treatment groups; each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. The study period was 28 d. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 mg kg-1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. Two additional diets containing 0 and 1000 mg kg-1 of montmorillonite were set as the negative and positive controls, respectively. Supplementation with 500 mg kg-1 of CHC significantly increased average daily gain compared with the positive and negative controls during phase I and the entire experimental period (P < 0.05). During phase I, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 of CHC significantly decreased diarrhea incidence compared with the negative control, and increased serum IGF-1 and serum IgM levels compared with the controls (P < 0.05). CHC at 500 mg kg-1 significantly decreased the diarrhea score during the entire experimental period compared with the negative control (P < 0.05). On day 28, supplementation with 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 of CHC increased serum IgG, IL-1β, and duodenum and jejunum secretory IgA compared with the negative control and decreased duodenum and jejunum MDA levels compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Increased duodenum and jejunum villus height and an increased ratio of villus height to crypt depth were observed compared with the negative control and decreased viable counts of E. coli in the cecum were detected compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Collectively, the optimal dose of CHC was found to be 500 to 1000 mg kg-1 in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
| | - Limin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
| | - Chucai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
| | - Jianling Liao
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Nanping 353200 P. R. China
| | - Linfu Ke
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Nanping 353200 P. R. China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China +86-10-62733688 +86-10-62733588
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bai LL, Ming DX, Dong SR, Yang ZY, Wang WH, Zhang S, Piao XS, Liu L, Wang FL. Dietary maifanite supplementation did not affect the apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in growing pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:245-251. [PMID: 28728391 PMCID: PMC5767507 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Strompfová V, Kubašová I, Farbáková J, Maďari A, Gancarčíková S, Mudroňová D, Lauková A. Evaluation of Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum CCM 7421 Administration with Alginite in Dogs. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 10:577-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Huang CF, Stein HH, Zhang LY, Li D, Lai CH. Concentrations of minerals in pig feed ingredients commonly used in China. Transl Anim Sci 2017; 1:126-136. [PMID: 32704635 PMCID: PMC7250406 DOI: 10.2527/tas2017.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral concentrations were determined in 13 different feed ingredients commonly used in swine diets. Ingredients included corn and 4 corn co-products: corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, corn germ meal, and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Wheat, wheat bran, and wheat shorts were also included, and 5 oilseed meals including soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal were used as well. Corn grain contained 88.7% dry matter (DM) and 0.46% K (DM basis). Greater concentrations of DM, ash, Ca, P, nonphytate P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were observed in corn gluten feed, corn DDGS, and corn germ meal compared with corn grain (P < 0.05). In general, minerals in corn DDGS were approximately three times greater than in corn grain and about 90% of the total P in corn DDGS was in the nonphytate bound form. Corn gluten meal had the least concentrations (P < 0.05) of most minerals, but the greatest (P < 0.05) concentrations of Fe (373.55 mg/kg, DM basis), Cu (11.88 mg/kg, DM basis), and Se (0.92 mg/kg, DM basis). On a DM-basis, concentrations of DM, Ca, P, phytate bound P, and Fe in wheat grain were 88.2%, 0.10%, 0.34%, 0.16%, and 53.48 mg/kg, respectively. Wheat bran contained more (P < 0.05) K, Mg, Cl, Fe, Zn, and Mn compared with wheat and wheat shorts. On a DM-basis, 2.72% K was observed in soybean meal, which was more (P < 0.05) than in the other oilseed meals. However, rapeseed meal had the greatest (P < 0.05) concentration of ash (9.37%), Ca (1.01%), P (1.05%), and Fe (526.49 mg/kg) among the oilseed meals, but only 16.2% of the total P in rapeseed meal was non-phytate P. In contrast, more than 50% of the P in soybean meal and peanut meal was non-phytate P. The least (P < 0.05) concentration of Cu (6.73 mg/kg, DM basis) was observed in rapeseed meal and the greatest (P < 0.05) concentration (32.75 mg/kg) was analyzed in sunflower meal. Concentrations of most minerals in soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal varied considerably compared with published values. In conclusion, the concentration of minerals in 13 commonly used feed ingredients were analyzed and results indicated considerable variation among and within feed ingredients for most minerals, which for some minerals may be a result of differences in minerals in the soil in which the ingredients were grown, but processing likely also contributes to differences among ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
| | - H H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - L Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
| | - C H Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Subramaniyan SA, Kang DR, Belal SA, Cho ESR, Jung JH, Jung YC, Choi YI, Shim KS. Meat Quality and Physicochemical Trait Assessments of Berkshire and Commercial 3-way Crossbred Pigs. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:641-649. [PMID: 27857540 PMCID: PMC5112427 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.5.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared qualities and physiochemical traits of meat from Berkshire (black color) pigs with those of meat from 3-way Landrace (white color) × Yorkshire (white color) × Duroc (red color) crossbred pigs (LYD). Meat quality characteristics, including pH, color, drip loss, cooking loss, and free amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin, and mineral contents of longissimus dorsi muscles, were compared. Meat from Berkshire pigs had deeper meat color (redness), higher pH, and lower drip loss and cooking loss than meat from LYD pigs. Moreover, meat from Berkshire pigs had higher levels of phosphoserine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, asparagine, α-aminoadipic acid, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, and carnosine and lower levels of glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ammonia than did meat from LYD pigs. The fatty acids oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were present in significantly higher concentrations in Berkshire muscles than they were in LYD muscles. Additionally, Berkshire muscles were significantly enriched with nucleotide components (inosine), minerals (Mg and K), and antioxidant vitamins such as ascorbic acid (C) in comparison with LYD muscles. In conclusion, our results show that in comparison with LYD meat, Berkshire meat has better meat quality traits and is a superior nutritional source of all essential amino acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, and minerals (Mg and K).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Da Rae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Shah Ahmed Belal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Eun-So-Ri Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | | | | | - Yang-Il Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kwan-Seob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kristo AS, Tzanidaki G, Lygeros A, Sikalidis AK. Bile sequestration potential of an edible mineral (clinoptilolite) under simulated digestion of a high-fat meal: an in vitro investigation. Food Funct 2015; 6:3818-27. [PMID: 26439642 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bile, important for cholesterol homeostasis, is a potential target of hypercholesterolemia management. Bile sequestration by orally administered resins, while mostly effective in reducing blood cholesterol, presents several side effects and disadvantages. Thus, widely available natural edible minerals such as clinoptilolite with adsorptive properties offer an alternative for bile sequestration. In an experimental setting mimicking the physiological conditions of digestion/absorption (pH, temperature, and retention times) with a series of assessment methods, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersion X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and molecular docking modeling, the ability of natural unmodified clinoptilolite to retain bile, while mixed with a simulated high-fat meal, was investigated. Our results demonstrate that clinoptilolite sequesters bile via adsorption of macromicelles at 75.4% efficiency, when the former is administered at a reasonable dose of 4% (w/w) of a meal's weight. This work provides the possibility of clinoptilolite utilization as a bile-sequestering/cholesterol-reducing agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Kristo
- Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Clays are crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate molecules composed of alkali and alkaline earth cations along with small amounts of various other elements. The best-known are montmorillonite, smectite, illite, kaolinite, biotite and clinoptilolite. The molecules in these clays are arranged in three-dimensional structures creating internal voids and channels capable of trapping a wide variety of molecules. As a result of this structure, clay minerals are regarded as a simple and effective tool for the prevention of the negative effects of many toxic compounds. Dietary supplementation with clays has been shown to improve weight gain and feed conversion in pigs. Where improvements in performance have been noted, one of the most likely explanations for the improvement is the fact clays increase nutrient digestibility. Clays reduce the speed of passage of feed along the digestive tract which allows more time for digestion. Feeding clays also causes morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa such as an increase in villus height and an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. These changes increase the surface area of the gastrointestinal tract thus increasing nutrient digestibility. Several studies have indicated that feeding clay reduces the incidence, severity and duration of diarrhea in pigs. The mechanism for the reduction in diarrhea is likely due to increases in the numbers of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus and decreases in Clostridia and E. coli in the small intestine of pigs fed clays. In addition, the numbers of pigs born alive and weaned, birth weight and weaning weight have been shown to be higher for sows fed clays. Several studies have indicated that clays can help mitigate the effects of mycotoxins. The aim of the present review is to focus on the various clays which have been given attention in recent research and to discuss their potential to improve pig performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714 South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|