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Palacios-Diaz RD, Pozuelo-Ruiz M, De Unamuno-Bustos B, Llavador-Ros M, Botella-Estrada R. Melanoma and LEOPARD Syndrome: Understanding the Role of PTPN11 Mutations in Melanomagenesis. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv14720. [PMID: 38189222 PMCID: PMC10789164 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica Pozuelo-Ruiz
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Jang H, Nussinov R. SHP2 clinical phenotype, cancer, or RASopathies, can be predicted by mutant conformational propensities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 81:5. [PMID: 38085330 PMCID: PMC11072105 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
SHP2 phosphatase promotes full activation of the RTK-dependent Ras/MAPK pathway. Its mutations can drive cancer and RASopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Here we ask how same residue mutations in SHP2 can lead to both cancer and NDD phenotypes, and whether we can predict what the outcome will be. We collected and analyzed mutation data from the literature and cancer databases and performed molecular dynamics simulations of SHP2 mutants. We show that both cancer and Noonan syndrome (NS, a RASopathy) mutations favor catalysis-prone conformations. As to cancer versus RASopathies, we demonstrate that cancer mutations are more likely to accelerate SHP2 activation than the NS mutations at the same genomic loci, in line with NMR data for K-Ras4B more aggressive mutations. The compiled experimental data and dynamic features of SHP2 mutants lead us to propose that different from strong oncogenic mutations, SHP2 activation by NS mutations is less likely to induce a transition of the ensemble from the SHP2 inactive state to the active state. Strong signaling promotes cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. Weak, or moderate signals are associated with differentiation. In embryonic neural cells, dysregulated differentiation is connected to NDDs. Our innovative work offers structural guidelines for identifying and correlating mutations with clinical outcomes, and an explanation for why bearers of RASopathy mutations may have a higher probability of cancer. Finally, we propose a drug strategy against SHP2 variants-promoting cancer and RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Liu
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Kavamura MI, Leoni C, Neri G. Dermatological manifestations, management, and care in RASopathies. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2022; 190:452-458. [PMID: 36541891 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RASopathies are rare genetic disorders caused by germline pathogenic variants in genes belonging to the RAS/MAPK pathway, which signals cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and death. The dysfunction of such signaling pathway causes syndromes with overlapping clinical manifestations. Skin and adnexal lesions are the cardinal clinical signs of RASopathies, such as cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, formerly known as LEOPARD syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis (NF1), Legius syndrome, Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NSLH) and Noonan syndrome. As NF1, one of the most common RASopathies, described in 1882, has its clinical features well delineated, we will focus on the dermatological diagnosis, management and care of non-NF1 RASopathies, which are less known and more recently described. Dermatological manifestations are important clinical diagnostic elements that can aid differential diagnosis among RASopathies. They can affect dermis and epidermis, causing pigmented lesions (melanocytic nevi, café-au-lait spots, and lentigines), hyperkeratosis (keratosis pilaris, ulerythema ophryogenes, and palmoplantar keratosis) or hyperplasia. To date there are rare known links to malignancy, but oftentimes skin lesions require close attention because they can highly affect quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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Zhu G, Xie J, Kong W, Xie J, Li Y, Du L, Zheng Q, Sun L, Guan M, Li H, Zhu T, He H, Liu Z, Xia X, Kan C, Tao Y, Shen HC, Li D, Wang S, Yu Y, Yu ZH, Zhang ZY, Liu C, Zhu J. Phase Separation of Disease-Associated SHP2 Mutants Underlies MAPK Hyperactivation. Cell 2020; 183:490-502.e18. [PMID: 33002410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, plays an essential role in RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling during normal development. It has been perplexing as to why both enzymatically activating and inactivating mutations in PTPN11 result in human developmental disorders with overlapping clinical manifestations. Here, we uncover a common liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) behavior shared by these disease-associated SHP2 mutants. SHP2 LLPS is mediated by the conserved well-folded PTP domain through multivalent electrostatic interactions and regulated by an intrinsic autoinhibitory mechanism through conformational changes. SHP2 allosteric inhibitors can attenuate LLPS of SHP2 mutants, which boosts SHP2 PTP activity. Moreover, disease-associated SHP2 mutants can recruit and activate wild-type (WT) SHP2 in LLPS to promote MAPK activation. These results not only suggest that LLPS serves as a gain-of-function mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of SHP2-associated human diseases but also provide evidence that PTP may be regulated by LLPS that can be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangya Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenna Kong
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingfei Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lin Du
- Etern Biopharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | - Lin Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingfeng Guan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianxin Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenying Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Kan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Youqi Tao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong C Shen
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jidong Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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García-Gil MF, Álvarez-Salafranca M, Valero-Torres A, Ara-Martín M. Melanoma in Noonan Syndrome With Multiple Lentigines (Leopard Syndrome): A New Case. Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2020; 111:619-621. [PMID: 32531240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M F García-Gil
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España.
| | - M Álvarez-Salafranca
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - A Valero-Torres
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - M Ara-Martín
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
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