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Perdigão M, Afonso A, de Oliveira-Martins S, Lopes MJ, Advinha AM. Pharmacovigilance teaching and learning: a mixed cross-sectional analysis of the Portuguese public higher education system. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:13. [PMID: 38172845 PMCID: PMC10765940 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance stands out for its importance in obtaining existing knowledge about medicine and patient safety and should be recognized as a continuous line of study. It constitutes a highly relevant component in the activities of health professionals, with spontaneous notification of suspected adverse drug reactions being its main emphasis. The underreporting that persists can be overcome through continuous professional development programs, reinforcing theoretical and practical knowledge in the curricular plans of health courses. As a result, more educated professionals will also allow citizens to recognize the importance of pharmacovigilance. The main objective of this study was to describe and characterize the teaching-learning process of pharmacovigilance in Portugal, analyzing the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of students and health professionals. In total, ninety-three curricular unit forms of the seventeen healthcare courses included were analyzed, among which only three referred to pharmacovigilance as mandatory and thirty-nine did not address any keywords. The questionnaire applied was answered by 650 participants, both students (62%) and professionals (38%). Approximately 84.4% of the students and 54.7% of the professionals affirmed that they had never spontaneously reported an adverse drug reaction. Only 24.6% of the students and 17.8% of professionals referred to the existence of specific course content dedicated to pharmacovigilance in their coursework. In view of these results, it is evident that there is a need for a wider reflection regarding the further training and constant update of practicing professionals as well as in diverse health institutions, investing in the creation of an academic curriculum that integrates pharmacovigilance in healthcare courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Perdigão
- Pharmacovigilance Regional Unit of the Central and North Alentejo, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal.
- School of Nursing S. João de Deus, Department of Nursing, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Afonso
- School of Sciences and Technology, Department of Mathematics, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal
- Research Center for Mathematics and Applications - CIMA, Evora, Portugal
| | - Sofia de Oliveira-Martins
- Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Evora, Portugal
| | - Manuel José Lopes
- Pharmacovigilance Regional Unit of the Central and North Alentejo, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal
- School of Nursing S. João de Deus, Department of Nursing, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal
- CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Evora, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Advinha
- Pharmacovigilance Regional Unit of the Central and North Alentejo, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal
- CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Evora, Portugal
- School of Health and Human Development, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal
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Shenoy AK, Kamath A, Chowta MN, Boloor A, Aravind A, Thakur PB, Kumar S. Knowledge of pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals and the impact of an educational intervention. Med Pharm Rep 2023; 96:406-412. [PMID: 37970197 PMCID: PMC10642735 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the knowledge regarding various aspects of pharmacovigilance among doctors and nurses of a tertiary care teaching hospital and to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors and nurses of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The participants attended a one-hour educational session during which the concept of pharmacovigilance, the Pharmacovigilance Program of India, the need for reporting ADRs, and the method of reporting were explained by a subject expert. A 20-item questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge regarding pharmacovigilance before and after an educational session. The pre-post comparisons were done using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Forty-two doctors and 115 nurses participated in the study. A significant improvement in the participant scores was seen following the educational intervention in both doctors (Z = -5.344, p < 0.001) and nurses (Z = -8.808, p < 0.001). Lack of knowledge/awareness was perceived as the major barrier for ADR reporting among nurses as well as doctors. Conclusion There is need for education and training among doctors and nurses to enhance their knowledge about drug safety and reporting practices. Educational intervention is likely to improve the knowledge regarding pharmacovigilance, and thereby enhance reporting by healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ashwin Kamath
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mukta N Chowta
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Archith Boloor
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ajith Aravind
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Priyamedha Bose Thakur
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Menang O, Kuemmerle A, Maigetter K, Burri C. Strategies and interventions to strengthen pharmacovigilance systems in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071079. [PMID: 37709326 PMCID: PMC10503375 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The slow progress of pharmacovigilance (PV) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) raises questions about core challenges on the growth of PV, and the appropriateness of strategies used so far to develop PV. Therefore, this scoping review aims to describe strategies and interventions to strengthen PV in LMIC and to propose recommendations for future investments in PV capacity building. INCLUSION CRITERIA Publications included were primary studies, articles, policy and guideline papers, describing interventions to strengthen PV in LMIC. METHODS The review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines on conducting scoping reviews. Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PDQ-evidence, CINAHL and other relevant websites from January 1990 to January 2021. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. One reviewer performed data extraction and descriptive analysis, which were reviewed by two other reviewers. RESULTS 10 922 unique titles were screened and 152 were eligible for full text review. Of these, 57 and an additional 13 reports from grey literature fulfilled eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. These were grouped into two categories: (1) Interventions aimed at increasing PV knowledge and adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting (45 papers), primarily education of healthcare professionals (HCP), alone or in combination with other interventions such as mobile and electronic reporting and (2) Interventions aimed at strengthening various components of the national PV system (25 papers), describing strategies or mixed interventions implemented at the national level, targeting different components of the national PV system. CONCLUSIONS Results of this review suggest that educating HCP on ADR reporting is the most common approach to build PV capacity in LMIC. Though important, education alone is insufficient and should ideally be organised within the holistic framework of strengthening national PV systems, with a focus on also building capacity for advanced activities such as signal detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Menang
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Kuemmerle
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Maigetter
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Burri
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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De Las Cuevas C, Sanz EJ, de Leon J. Adverse drug reactions and their fatal outcomes in clozapine patients in VigiBase: Comparing the top four reporting countries (US, UK, Canada and Australia). Schizophr Res 2023:S0920-9964(23)00184-6. [PMID: 37301669 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacovigilance findings and box warnings in the clozapine package inserts have marked the history of clozapine. OBJECTIVE This is the largest review of clozapine adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their associated fatal outcomes. Reports to the World Health Organization's global pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase™, were analyzed, extending from clozapine's introduction to December 31, 2022. METHODS The analysis focused on the top four reporting countries: United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Canada and Australia (83 % of fatal outcomes worldwide). Attempts were made to control for population and clozapine prescription in each country. RESULTS Clozapine ADRs worldwide accounted for 191,557 reports, with the highest number (53,505) in "blood and lymphatic system disorder". Of the 22,596 fatal outcomes reported in clozapine patients, 9587 were from the US, 6567 from the UK, 3623 from Canada and 1484 from Australia. The top category worldwide in fatal outcomes was nonspecifically labeled "death" with 46 % (range 22-62 %). "Pneumonia" was second with 30 % (range 17-45 %). Agranulocytosis was numerically only the 35th top clozapine ADR associated with fatal outcomes. On average, 2.3 clozapine ADRs were reported per fatal outcome. Infections were associated with 24.2 % of the UK fatal outcomes (9.4 %-11.9 % in the 3 other countries). CONCLUSIONS The four countries appeared to report clozapine ADRs in different ways, making comparisons difficult. We estimated higher fatal outcomes in the UK and Canada after controlling for cross-sectional estimations of population and published clozapine use. This last hypothesis is limited by the lack of precise estimation of accumulated clozapine use in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos De Las Cuevas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Emilio J Sanz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain; Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose de Leon
- Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA; Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Net (CIBERSAM), Santiago Apostol Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
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Tang Y, Liu Y, Liao H, Yuan Y, Jiang Q. Current career situations of Chinese pharmacovigilance professionals working for pharmaceutical companies: an exploratory survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:152. [PMID: 36788574 PMCID: PMC9926404 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacovigilance in China has experienced rapid development in the past 30 years. The implementation of Good Pharmacovigilance Practice in China since the end of 2021 heralds a new era of pharmacovigilance affairs, which puts forward higher requirements for the quantity and quality of pharmacovigilance personnel. This study aimed to preliminarily explore the current career situations of pharmacovigilance professionals working in China for pharmaceutical companies. METHODS A questionnaire was adapted from research in the USA and Europe with the help of several pharmacovigilance experts. Snowball sampling was used to conduct an exploratory survey to obtain the frequency of basic demographic information, work status, and career expectations of pharmacovigilance professionals working for pharmaceutical companies. RESULTS The personnel engaged in pharmacovigilance work for pharmaceutical companies were mainly medical or pharmaceutical undergraduates within 3 years of graduation. Their work intensity and pressure were relatively high. The training provided by their universities and enterprises could not well meet their needs to improve their job competence. Although they were optimistic about pharmacovigilance and will not change their career, most of them were planning to change their employers. CONCLUSION There was a gap between the demand and supply of pharmacovigilance personnel. Relevant regulatory authorities and industry associations should guide higher education institutions to collaborate with pharmacovigilance specialists to strengthen pharmacovigilance education for medical or pharmaceutical students, on the basis of which pharmacovigilance certification courses and continuing education courses can be developed. Meanwhile, pharmaceutical enterprises should consider reasonably adjusting work intensity and income to avoid a high turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Tang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555The Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555The Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Liao
- Chongqing Office, Beijing Captain Science Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Yuan
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555The Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qihua Jiang
- The Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Mello VD, Pereira VDP, Rodrigues JPV, Penteado STDS, Pereira LRL, Varallo FR. Eventos adversos no sistema nervoso central potencialmente relacionados aos medicamentos utilizados na COVID-19: revisão de escopo. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e166. [DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo.
Identificar eventos adversos no sistema nervoso central (SNC) potencialmente associados ao uso de medicamentos para profilaxia ou tratamento da COVID-19, bem como caracterizar os indivíduos acometidos.
Métodos.
Desenvolveu-se uma revisão de escopo a partir de estratégia de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram incluídos estudos com indivíduos que utilizaram medicamentos como medida profilática ou curativa para COVID-19 e que apresentaram ao menos um evento adverso no SNC. Foram excluídos os artigos que reportaram eventos adversos no SNC potencialmente associados a medicamentos para outras condições de saúde.
Resultados.
Recuperaram-se 1 547 artigos, dos quais oito atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Em sete estudos, o desenho foi do tipo observacional. Foram analisados 3 035 indivíduos, dos quais 1 701 eram profissionais da saúde e 1 978, mulheres. A terapia mais utilizada foi a curativa (n = 5), com hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir e azitromicina. Os eventos adversos comumente descritos foram dor de cabeça, tontura, distúrbios de humor e sonolência. Suicídio foi o evento grave mais frequente. Seis eventos foram inesperados para hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina e doxiciclina (mioclonias, tremor, distúrbio de marcha, disgeusia, hiperidrose e inquietação).
Conclusão.
Os eventos adversos no SNC foram inespecíficos e, geralmente, potencialmente associados ao uso de hidroxicloroquina em monoterapia ou em associação para tratamento curativo da COVID-19. Os dados corroboram a relação desfavorável de risco/benefício desses medicamentos na prevenção e no manejo dos sinais e sintomas da infecção por SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius de Mello
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Vinícius de Paula Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - João Paulo Vilela Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Fabiana Rossi Varallo
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
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Mwamwitwa KW, Fimbo AM, Bukundi EM, Nkayamba AF, Buma D, Muro EP, Maganda BA, Shewiyo DH, Shearer MC, Smith AD, Kaale EA. Effectiveness of a structured stimulated spontaneous safety monitoring of medicines reporting program in strengthening pharmacovigilance system in Tanzania. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16131. [PMID: 36167960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Under-reporting of adverse drug events (ADEs) is a challenge facing developing countries including Tanzania. Given the high magnitude of under-reporting, it was necessary to develop and assess the effectiveness of a ‘structured stimulated spontaneous safety monitoring’ (SSSSM) reporting program of ADEs which aimed at strengthening pharmacovigilance system in Tanzania. A quasi-experimental design and data mining technique were used to assess the effect of intervention after the introduction of program in seven tertiary hospitals. ADEs reports were collected from a single group and compared for 18 months before (July 2017 to December, 2018) and after the program (January 2019 to June 2020). Out of 16,557 ADEs reports, 98.6% (16,332) were reported after intervention and 0.1% (23) death related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported. Reports increased from 20 to 11,637 after intervention in Dar es salaam, 49 to 316 in Kilimanjaro and 17 to 77 in Mbeya. The population-based reporting ratio per 1,000,000 inhabitants increased from 2 reports per million inhabitants in 2018 to 85 reports in 2019. The SSSSM program can increase the reporting rate of ADEs and was useful in detecting signals from all types of medicines. This was first effective developed spontaneous program to monitor medicine safety in Tanzania.
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Tsuchiya M, Kikuchi D, Hatakeyama S, Tasaka Y, Uchikura T, Funakoshi R, Obara T. Characteristics of hospitals that report adverse drug reactions: Results of a nationwide survey in Japan. J Clin Pharm Ther 2022; 47:1240-1248. [PMID: 35362208 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the primary reasons for hospitalization. The spontaneous reporting of ADRs by healthcare professionals is important for issuing post-marketing drug safety measures. The Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists (JSHP) conducts a nationwide survey annually. Using data from this large-scale survey, we identified the characteristics of hospitals that reported ADRs to regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies. METHODS Data were obtained from annual surveys conducted by JSHP from 2015 to 2020. All variables were expressed as categorical variables and tabulated. The Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to identify significant trends in the proportion of hospitals reporting ADRs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From 2015 to 2020, 22,362 responses were recorded. There was a significant increase in the proportion of hospitals that reported ADRs with an increase in number of beds and pharmacists (p < 0.0001). The proportion of hospitals reporting ADRs to regulatory authorities was also significantly higher in those charging an additional fee for pharmacist-performed ward operations and in those with an ADR data management section than in hospitals without these attributes (p < 0.0001). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Hospitals that submitted ADR reports to the regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies charged an additional fee for pharmacist-performed ward operations, had a central ADR data management section, and had fewer beds per pharmacist. This trend was similar, regardless of the size of the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan.,Fifth Subcommittee, Committee on Academic, the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kikuchi
- Fifth Subcommittee, Committee on Academic, the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiro Hatakeyama
- Fifth Subcommittee, Committee on Academic, the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tasaka
- Fifth Subcommittee, Committee on Academic, the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchikura
- Fifth Subcommittee, Committee on Academic, the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hospital Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohkan Funakoshi
- Fifth Subcommittee, Committee on Academic, the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kameda General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Fifth Subcommittee, Committee on Academic, the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
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Fedalto MB, Tonin FS, Borba HHL, Ferreira VL, Correr CJ, Fernandez-Llimos F, Pontarolo R. Pharmacovigilance: an evaluation on the practice of pharmacists acting in pharmacies and drugstores. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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10
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de Souza Joao Luiz MV, Varallo FR, Melgarejo CRV, de Nadai TR, de Carvalho Mastroianni P. Traditional Lectures Actually Improve the Body of Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Health Care Professional for Health Incident Reporting System. Hosp Pharm 2021; 56:436-443. [PMID: 34720143 DOI: 10.1177/0018578720918553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A solid patient safety culture lies at the core of an effective event reporting system in a health care setting requiring a professional commitment for event reporting identification. Therefore, health care settings should provide strategies in which continuous health care education comes up as a good alternative. Traditional lectures are usually more convenient in terms of costs, and they allow us to disseminate data, information, and knowledge through a large number of people in the same room. Taking in consideration the tight money budgets in Brazil and other countries, it is relevant to investigate the impact of traditional lectures on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to incident reporting system and patient safety culture. Objective: The study aim was to assess the traditional lecture impact on the improvement of health care professional competency dimensions (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) and on the number of health care incident reports for better patient safety culture. Participants and Methods: An open-label, nonrandomized trial was conducted in ninety-nine health care professionals who were assessed in terms of their competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) related to the health incident reporting system, before and after education intervention (traditional lectures given over 3 months). Results: All dimensions of professional competencies were improved after traditional lectures (P < .05, 95% confidence interval). Conclusions: traditional lectures are helpful strategy for the improvement of the competencies for health care incident reporting system and patient safety.
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Ibrahim DM, Shawki MA, Solayman MH, Sabri NA. Pharmacovigilance education to healthcare professionals: Will it affect their performance in reporting adverse drug reactions? Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14731. [PMID: 34387008 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess impact of pharmacovigilance (PV) educational program on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of healthcare professionals (HCPs). METHODS a prospective study was conducted on HCPs at an Egyptian hospital. The study included: pre-education phase; where KAP questionnaire was administered by HCPs to obtain baseline data, intervention phase; where educational sessions were held by clinical pharmacists and Egyptian PV centre, and post-education phase; where the questionnaire was re-administered by participants 9 months post-receiving educational sessions. The questionnaire comprised five sections: participants' demographics, knowledge, attitude and practice sections and two multiple choice questions asking about the importance of establishment of ADRs monitoring centre, and factors hindering ADRs reporting. Pre-education and post-education data were compared. RESULTS From 221 HCPs invited to participate, only 153 filled the pre-education and post-education questionnaires. At baseline, the median (range) of the total KAP score were 1 (0-7), 1 (0-4) and 4 (0-14) for physicians, nurses and pharmacists, respectively. All KAP scores were low for all HCPs at baseline with the pharmacists having significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores compared with physicians, and nurses (P < .001). After education, all scores significantly increased and 13 ADRs were reported by HCPs compared with only 2 at baseline. CONCLUSION It was concluded that educational program had a significant impact on enhancing KAP of HCPs towards PV and ADRs reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - May Ahmed Shawki
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwa Ali Sabri
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Yan Z, Feng Z, Jiao Z, Chen C, Wang G, Feng D. The severity of adverse drug reactions and their influencing factors based on the ADR monitoring center of Henan Province. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20402. [PMID: 34650181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may be a serious public health problem and have received widespread attention in recent years. This study has analyzed the factors leading to the occurrence of serious ADRs (SADRs), determined the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with severe adverse reactions at different levels of medical institutions, and finally made corresponding recommendations for the monitoring, prevention, and treatment of SADRs. We used descriptive analysis and chi-square test to analyze the year, age, gender, proportion of SADRs, and the results of the ADRs in the report. Use the logistic regression to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of SADRs in different levels of medical institutions. A total of 387 642 people’s 394 037 ADRs were collected from the Henan Provincial Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from 2016 to 2020. Among them 35 742 cases of serious ADRs (9.1%), 96.1% were eventually relieved or cured, but 39 cases of SADRs caused death. The main causes of death included hemorrhages, organ failure, and allergies. Age, number of medication and illnesses, level of medical institution, history of adverse reactions, and type and method of medication were all factors that affected the severity of ADR. The prognosis of SADRs is worse than normal ADRs. The ADRs in autumn and winter and new adverse reactions are unique risk factors found in this study. The elderly and patients with multiple diseases or taking multiple drugs should pay attention to their adverse reactions. They should be closely observed within a week after taking the medicine. The supervision of patients with a history of allergies and new adverse reactions should be strengthened by primary medical institutions, and in nonprimary medical institutions should paid attention with past medical histories, and use imported drugs and biological agents with caution to ensure the safety and health of patients.
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Ramos SF, Alvarez NR, Dos Santos Alcântara T, Sanchez JM, da Costa Lima E, de Lyra Júnior DP. Methods for the detection of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized children: a systematic review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:1225-1236. [PMID: 33926346 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1924668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are a problem for healthcare systems worldwide. Pediatric patients constitute a vulnerable group with regard to ADRs. However, although pediatric patients are at increased risk for these reactions, there is little progress on ADR detection methods in this group.Areas covered: In this systematic search, performed according to PRISMA statements, we selected studies, published in PubMed/Medline databases; Scopus; LILACS; Web of Science; Embase and Cochrane Library until April, 2020, on ADRs in hospitalized pediatric patients.Expert opinion: The increase of pediatric drug safety data is essential to the improvement of childcare. Health services must continuously stimulate educational programs focused on ADR detection tools to minimize the barriers and raise awareness among professionals. Therefore, it is necessary to consider that each method has advantages and disadvantages and must be analyzed in detail to be implemented according to the peculiarities of each practice scenario. Triggers tools (active method) correlated with electronic medical notes seems a good strategy for ADR identification, whether pediatric parameters are well checked and adapted with each age group. In any event, combined methods will add data to identification and clearer ADR assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Feitosa Ramos
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS-UFS), Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-graduation, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Thaciana Dos Santos Alcântara
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS-UFS), Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Júlia Mirão Sanchez
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS-UFS), Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Divaldo Pereira de Lyra Júnior
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS-UFS), Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-graduation, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Hussain R, Hassali MA, Rana SM. Evaluation of an educational intervention on physicians’ knowledge about adverse drug reaction reporting system. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 29:159-162. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Andrade PHS, de Almeida ACB, Dos Santos AKS, Lobo IMF, da Silva FA, da Silva WB. Challenges to the consolidation of pharmacovigilance practices in Brazil: limitations of the hospital pharmacist. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2020; 11:2042098620933748. [PMID: 32864089 PMCID: PMC7430076 DOI: 10.1177/2042098620933748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to present the needs of hospital pharmacists in pharmacovigilance practices. Methods: This study has a cross-sectional design and was carried out with hospital pharmacists in Brazil. The sample was obtained by voluntary recruitment. Pharmacists who worked at Brazilian hospitals and were registered in their respective regulatory councils were invited to participate in the present study. A personalized questionnaire was developed by the authors and was electronically filled out by the respondents on the platform ‘Google forms’. The questionnaire was nationally available on the digital platform of the Pharmacy Federal Council, the Brazilian Society of Hospital Pharmacy and Health Services, four Pharmacy regional councils and the social network farmacêuticoclínico®. Quantitative variables were analyzed by mean and standard deviation. The qualitative variables were analyzed by means of absolute and relative frequency. Difficulties related to pharmacovigilance activities are presented in an Ishikawa diagram in the Supplemental Material online. Results: Of the 27 federative units of Brazil, we obtained answers from pharmacists located in 85.2% (n = 23) of them. Among the pharmacovigilance practices developed by Brazilian pharmacists, the adverse drug reaction investigation (55.4%) and notification activities (47.0%) were worthy of note. Numerous difficulties were reported by the pharmacists, highlighting the difficulty in monitoring the medication and imputation of causality (27.7%). After categorizing the difficulties reported, it was observed that the category ‘people involved’ (45.1%) stood out from the others. Conclusion: This study pointed out numerous challenges to pharmacovigilance practices involving pharmacists in Brazil. It is believed that the correction of certain difficulties may impact on the better consolidation of pharmacovigilance activities in the country. However, regulatory agencies at all hierarchical levels of pharmacovigilance must work together to make it possible. Plain language Summary Challenges to the consolidation of pharmacovigilance This is a study that seeks to present the needs of Brazilian hospital pharmacists in relation to pharmacovigilance activities. Through online interviews, pharmacists answered a questionnaire, presented the pharmacovigilance activities they develop and expressed their anxieties and difficulties for the development of these activities. With this study, it was concluded that numerous activities of active search, investigation and notification of adverse drug reaction are developed by Brazilian pharmacists. However, each pharmacist performs a different method of pharmacovigilance. In addition, it was observed that among the interviewees there was a perception of insufficient professional training and a shortage of professionals to assist in pharmacovigilance activities. These were the main difficulties reported. Therefore, the search for models or agile solutions to solve problems involving adverse drug reactions seems necessary for a better consolidation of pharmacovigilance services in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Santos Andrade
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Assistência Farmacêutica (NUPPNAF), Av. Marechal Rondon, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Iza Maria Fraga Lobo
- University Hospital of Sergipe, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Francilene Amaral da Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Care, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Wellington Barros da Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Care, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Alomar M, Tawfiq AM, Hassan N, Palaian S. Post marketing surveillance of suspected adverse drug reactions through spontaneous reporting: current status, challenges and the future. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2020; 11:2042098620938595. [PMID: 32843958 PMCID: PMC7418468 DOI: 10.1177/2042098620938595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To highlight the importance of spontaneous reporting programs in post marketing surveillance of medicines. Authors also aimed at providing various dimensions of spontaneous programs, including the strengths and weakness, and providing an insight on the future prospects of pharmacovigilance systems. METHODS Various literature related to post marketing surveillance and spontaneous reporting programs were reviewed and the relevant ones highlighting the strengths and weaknesses are summarized. A balance of information on strengths and weaknesses is listed. The health professionals' awareness regarding existing spontaneous reporting programs is highlighted. Future prospects of pharmacovigilance are discussed. RESULTS Though beneficial, spontaneous reporting programs encounter several limitations and difficulties in diagnosing adverse drug reaction. Under-reporting and bias are major challenges. Online signal detection tools and innovative methods are needed to strengthen the spontaneous reporting programs. We provide the various issues to be considered while depending on spontaneous reporting programs as a method of post marketing surveillance. CONCLUSION To strengthen the spontaneous reporting programs as an effective post marketing surveillance method, more awareness among health professionals and innovative strategies is needed. Integrating pharmacogenetic data can be a potential aspect of future pharmacovigilance. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Monitoring adverse effects of marketed medicines through reporting by healthcare professionals and its challenges and way forward. INTRODUCTION This article highlights the importance of safety monitoring of medicines after they are launched in the market, mainly through reporting by healthcare professionals. We also highlight the strengths and weaknesses, and provide an insight on the future prospects of pharmacovigilance systems. METHODS Various literature related to the topic were reviewed and the relevant ones highlighting the strengths and weaknesses are summarized. A balance of information on strengths and weaknesses is listed. Health professionals' awareness regarding existing programs on reporting safety of medicines is highlighted. RESULTS Though beneficial, reporting of adverse effects by healthcare professionals who deal with patient lacks clarity in diagnosing the adverse effects. Under-reporting and bias are the major challenges. Online software is needed to strengthen reporting by healthcare professionals. We list the various issues to be considered while depending on healthcare professionals' reporting of adverse effects as a method of post marketing surveillance. CONCLUSION To strengthen medicine safety monitoring and reporting by healthcare professionals, more awareness among health professionals and innovative strategies are needed. Integrating the genetic data of patients can be beneficial in predicting adverse effects, therefore avoiding them and enhancing safe prescribing and dispensing by healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaed Alomar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, AlJarf1, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali M Tawfiq
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nageeb Hassan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Subish Palaian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Bepari A, Assiri RA, AlYahya MA, AlGhamdi SJ, AlGhamdi AM, AlOnazi AA. The comparative assessment of awareness, perspective, and basic practice skills about the Saudi pharmacovigilance system among students of different health-care professionals of a Saudi Female University. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:828-836. [PMID: 32647484 PMCID: PMC7335728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The low reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Saudi Arabia is prevalent among health-care professionals and is responsible for poor ADR signal detection. Therefore, all healthcare institutes connected with patient concern require joint and sustained efforts to strengthen ADR reporting by providing harmless and efficient medication. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The current study was performed to estimate the awareness corresponding to the knowledge, perspective, and basic practice skills about the Saudi pharmacovigilance system among students of different health-care professionals of a Saudi Female University. MATERIAL & METHODS A questionnaire was planned and standardized by a thorough literature review. Questions were classified: Group 1 had ten knowledge-based, group 2 five attitude-based, and group 3 four basic practice skills-based questions of pharmacovigilance (PV). Also, determinants that hindered them from becoming part of the pharmacovigilance program were reported. Such 600 questionnaires were distributed among the interns, final and prefinal year students of different health care professionals of Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh. The participants' awareness and practice skills were graded in 3 categories as unacceptable, inadequate, and adequate, depending upon the mean score along with identification of their type of perception towards PV. The data was interpreted by calculating the frequencies, one-way ANOVA, and by post-hoc Tukey-Kramer HSD multiple comparison test. RESULTS Five hundred ninety-two questionnaires were statistically investigated. Students' awareness and basic practice skills of pharmacovigilance were found to be inadequate, but positive perception towards PV. CONCLUSION Our study showed that awareness and practice skills of PV among students of different health care professionals stand insufficient but favourable perceptions towards PV. Regular educative interventions can increase these parameters of pharmacovigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmatanzeem Bepari
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Assad Assiri
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maya Abdullah AlYahya
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Afrah Asaad AlOnazi
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shrestha S, Sharma S, Bhasima R, Kunwor P, Adhikari B, Sapkota B. Impact of an educational intervention on pharmacovigilance knowledge and attitudes among health professionals in a Nepal cancer hospital. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:179. [PMID: 32493307 PMCID: PMC7268292 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacovigilance (PV) knowledge and attitudes among health care professionals (HCPs) directly affect the practice of PV and reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a hospital. The main aim of the study was to assess the impact of an education intervention on the knowledge and attitude of HCPs attached to the regional PV center in an oncology based hospital of Nepal. METHODS A pre-post intervention questionnaire-based study was conducted amongst HCPs, i.e. nurses and pharmacists of an oncology based hospital of Nepal. A 21-item pretested PV questionnaire (twelve and four statements for assessing knowledge and attitude respectively) was used before and after an educational intervention among 89 HCPs working in the hospital. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze pre- and post-survey data with descriptive and inferential statistics. The knowledge and attitude scores before and after educational intervention were analyzed with Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS After the educational intervention, the mean score for knowledge about PV and ADR increased from [mean ± S.D] 6.90 ± 2.527 (pre-test) to 11.36 ± 1.189 (post-test, p < 0.001). There were significant improvements after an educational intervention in attitude from 1.80 ± 0.932 (pre-test) to 3.61 ± 0.556 (post-test, p < 0.001). Twenty-one (23.6%) of participants responded that they lacked the time to report ADR, while 12 (13.5%) replied that there was no remuneration for reporting ADR. Approximately 24% of them recommended frequent pharmacovigilance awareness programs via continuing medical education or other similar kinds of workshops for improvement of pharmacovigilance. CONCLUSION The preliminary findings of this study showed that knowledge and attitude scores were increased following an educational intervention. They also suggested that training on PV and ADR tends to have a positive impact on knowledge and attitude among nurses and pharmacists working at an oncology based hospital in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- Pharmacy, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Harisidhhi, Lalitpur, Nepal.
| | - Sabina Sharma
- Pharmacy, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Harisidhhi, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Bhasima
- Pharmacy, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Harisidhhi, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Puskar Kunwor
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Harisidhhi, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Baburam Adhikari
- Pharmacy, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Harisidhhi, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Binaya Sapkota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nobel College, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Khalili M, Mesgarpour B, Sharifi H, Daneshvar Dehnavi S, Haghdoost AA. Interventions to improve adverse drug reaction reporting: A scoping review. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2020; 29:965-992. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malahat Khalili
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Bita Mesgarpour
- National Institute for Medical Research Development Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Samira Daneshvar Dehnavi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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Abstract
Considering that marketed drugs are not free from side effects, many countries have initiated pharmacovigilance programs. These initiatives have provided countries with methods of detection and prevention of adverse drug reactions at an earlier stage, thus preventing harm occurring in the larger population. In this review, examples of drug withdrawals due to effective pharmacovigilance programs have been provided with details. In addition, information concerning data mining in pharmacovigilance, an effective method to assess pharmacoepidemiologic data and detecting signals for rare and uncommon side effects, is also examined, which is a method synchronized with information technology and advanced electronic tools. The importance of policy framework in relation to pharmacovigilance is discussed in detail, and country experiences upon implementation of pharmacovigilance policies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaed Alomar
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Subish Palaian
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moawia M Al-Tabakha
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Bepari A, Niazi SK, Al-Otaibi A. The Efficiency of Multi-Faceted Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Perceived Behavior, and Practice Skills towards Pharmacovigilance among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students of India. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:4155-4162. [PMID: 32165969 PMCID: PMC7061373 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary reason for poor adverse drug reaction (ADR) signal detection worldwide is the under-reporting of ADRs by healthcare professionals. Multidisciplinary teams, including pharmacists, may play an essential role in targeting this issue. AIM The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of a multi-faceted educational intervention (MEI) on the knowledge, perception, and practice skills of pharmacovigilance among undergraduate pharmacy students. METHODS A longitudinal, prospective study using a single group before-and-after intervention design was conducted among 100 undergraduate pharmacy students at Togari Veeramallappa Memorial College of Pharmacy, Ballari, India (TVMCP), affiliated to Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Ballari, India. The questionnaire was structured using previous studies and standardized. It had three groups of questions. Group 1 questions evaluated the knowledge (K1-K8), group 2 tested perceptions (A1-A6), and group 3 tested the practice skills of pharmacovigilance (P1-P5) of the participant. The participants were graded in 3 categories as poor, unsatisfactory, and satisfactory, depending upon the mean score. Matched pairs student t-test and The Wilcoxon Signed rank statistical test was used to assess the impact of the MEI on the participants' knowledge, perception, and practice skills score, along with recording different factors preventing them from being actively involved in the pharmacovigilance program. RESULTS The educational intervention improved the pharmacovigilance knowledge, perception, and practice skills scores of our pharmacy students. CONCLUSION Our study showed that knowledge, perception, and practice skills scores increased after MEI highlighting the need for regular educational campaigns to healthcare professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmatanzeem Bepari
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Amal Al-Otaibi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Le TT, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen C, Tran NH, Tran LA, Nguyen TB, Nguyen N, Nguyen HA. Factors associated with spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare professionals in Vietnam. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 45:122-127. [PMID: 31486525 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Under-reporting is a major drawback of a voluntary adverse drug reaction reporting system in pharmacovigilance. However, little is known about facilitators and barriers to ADR reporting by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in developing countries. To investigate factors associated with adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among HCPs in Vietnam. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 2091 HCPs was conducted in 2015 at 10 hospitals throughout Vietnam. The binary outcome was ever reporting ADRs. Healthcare professionals knowledge, attitude and practice about ADR reporting were measured. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined factors significantly associated with ever ADR reporting. RESULTS Overall, 29.3%, 2.2% and 68.4% of the sample were doctors, pharmacists and nurses, respectively. More than half (59.3%) had ever reported any ADR. Facilitators for ADR reporting were educational training (OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.42-2.22) and having better knowledge, such as awareness of ADR reporting regulation (OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.19-2.21), of reporting time (OR = 1.76, 95%CI = 1.35-2.29) and of necessary information in reporting form (OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.53-2.45).Conversely, barriers to non-reporting were unknown of reporting procedure (OR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.22-0.35), unavailability of reporting form (OR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.42-0.68) and lack of time (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.46-0.74). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Given the low ADR reporting rate among HCPs, educational interventions to improve their knowledge and attitude should be prioritized in Vietnam. Additional interventions addressing obstacles (i.e. availability and complexity of reporting form, lack of time) should be considered to improve both the quantity and quality of ADR reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thuy Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thanh Huong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngan Ha Tran
- The National Centre for Drug Information and Adverse Drug Reactions Monitoring, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lan Anh Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Nguyen
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hoang Anh Nguyen
- The National Centre for Drug Information and Adverse Drug Reactions Monitoring, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Castañeda-Hernández G, Sandoval H, Coindreau J, Rodriguez-Davison LF, Pineda C. Barriers towards effective pharmacovigilance systems of biosimilars in rheumatology: A Latin American survey. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2019; 28:1035-1044. [PMID: 31148288 PMCID: PMC6771580 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This review summarises the current status of regulatory guidelines for the approval of biosimilars in Latin America and highlights the main barriers to effective pharmacovigilance in this region. We also report results from a survey of Latin American rheumatologists assessing their understanding of prescribing biosimilars and the pharmacovigilance of these drugs. Methods We reviewed the current guidelines for the regulatory approval of biosimilars and barriers to effective pharmacovigilance in Latin American countries. Rheumatologists attending the II Pan‐American League of Rheumatology Associations PANLAR Review Course (Biosimilars update) in Lima, Peru were asked to complete a short survey to determine their knowledge of biosimilars. Results Many Latin American countries continue to lag behind Europe and the United States in establishing regulatory guidance and effective pharmacovigilance systems for biosimilars. Results from our survey also highlight a lack of awareness regarding the availability of biosimilars, their nomenclature, automatic substitution, and reporting adverse drug reactions because of these drugs. Conclusions The main barriers to effective pharmacovigilance in Latin America are the lack of consensus on the interchangeability of reference biologics and biosimilars, and the need for more suitably trained personnel to carry out effective postmarketing pharmacovigilance of biosimilars. Inconsistencies in biosimilar nomenclature make it difficult to adequately trace drugs and record adverse drug reactions associated with their use, creating a barrier to the global pharmacovigilance of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Castañeda-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Sandoval
- Sociomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carlos Pineda
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Rheumatic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
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Opadeyi AO, Fourrier-Réglat A, Isah AO. Educational intervention to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals regarding pharmacovigilance in South-South Nigeria. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2019; 10:2042098618816279. [PMID: 30719280 PMCID: PMC6348575 DOI: 10.1177/2042098618816279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our aim in this study was to evaluate the effect of a combined educational intervention and year-long monthly text message reinforcements via the Short Messaging System (SMS) on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards pharmacovigilance. Methods Six randomly selected teaching hospitals in the South-South zone of Nigeria were randomized in 1:1 ratio into intervention and control groups. The educational intervention consisted of delivering a seminar followed by sending monthly texts message reinforcements via SMS over 12 months. Then a semi-structured questionnaire regarding the KAP of pharmacovigilance was completed by HCPs working in the hospitals after the intervention. Data was analysed descriptively and inferentially. Results A total of 931 HCPs participated in the post intervention study (596 in the intervention and 335 in the control). The M:F ratio was 1:1.5. According to the KAP questionnaire, a significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups, regarding knowledge of the types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). ADR resulting from pharmacological action of the drug (85.6% versus 77%, p = 0.001), the fact that ADRs can persist for a long time; (60.1% versus 53.4%, p = 0.024) and a higher awareness of the ADR reporting form (48.7% versus 18.8%, p < 0.001). Most respondents in the intervention group (68.5% versus 60.6%, p = 0.001) believed they should report ADRs even if they were unsure an ADR has occurred, a greater proportion of HCPs from the intervention group had significantly observed an ADR (82% versus 73.4%, p = 0.001). Furthermore, of the 188 who had ever reported an ADR, 41% from the intervention group used the national ADR reporting form compared with 19.8% from the controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion This educational intervention and the use of SMS as a reinforcement tool appeared to have positively impacted on the knowledge and practice of pharmacovigilance in South-South Nigeria with a less-than-impressive change in attitude. Continuous medical education may be required to effect long-lasting changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O Opadeyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria
| | - Annie Fourrier-Réglat
- Pharmacoepidemiology, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, INSERM CIC1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ambrose O Isah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria
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Güner MD, Ekmekci PE. Healthcare professionals' pharmacovigilance knowledge and adverse drug reaction reporting behavior and factors determining the reporting rates. J Drug Assess 2019; 8:13-20. [PMID: 30729064 PMCID: PMC6352929 DOI: 10.1080/21556660.2019.1566137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports prepared by healthcare professionals (HCPs) are the backbone of collecting post-marketing safety data. However, underreporting is a global problem creating health, economic, and ethical burden. Objectives: To determine the factors limiting ADR reporting rates from the HCPs’ point of view. Methods: A questionnaire containing 43 questions evaluating sociodemographic characteristics, pharmacovigilance knowledge and activities, and prescription behaviors was prepared on “surveymonkey.com.” The link was distributed mainly by professional organizations. Results: Although this survey aimed to reach all HCPs, most of the respondents were physicians and nurses. Of the 259 (69.6%) participants who encountered ADR at least once, only 105 (40.5%) reported ADR. The term “pharmacovigilance” was heard for the first time in this survey by 35.5% (n = 132) of the participants. Only 34.7% (n = 129) of the participants knew where to find the ADR reporting form, and 25.5% (n = 95) had previously filled the form and/or read it. Only 28.5% (n = 106) of the participants were aware of the ADR reporting and monitoring system of their institutions and related professionals. Almost all the participants agreed that pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting training are necessary. Conclusion: The main reason for underreporting is limited pharmacovigilance knowledge of HCPs. Training activities based on the needs and preferences of HCPs and close follow-up by authorities are the main steps to improve pharmacovigilance activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Perihan Elif Ekmekci
- Department of History of Medicine and Ethics, TOBB ETU Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Varallo FR, Passos AC, Nadai TRD, Mastroianni PDC. Incidents reporting: barriers and strategies to promote safety culture. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2018; 52:e03346. [PMID: 30304197 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2017026403346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to identify the barriers of underreporting, the factors that promote motivation of health professionals to report, and strategies to enhance incidents reporting. METHOD Group conversations were carried out within a hospital multidisciplinary team. A mediator stimulated reflection among the subjects about the theme. Sixty-five health professionals were enrolled. RESULTS Complacency and ambition were barriers exceeded. Lack of responsibility about culture of reporting was the new barrier observed. There is a belief only nurses should report incidents. The strategies related to motivation reported were: feedback; educational intervention with hospital staff; and simplified tools for reporting (electronic or manual), which allow filling critical information and traceability of management risk team to improve the quality of report. CONCLUSION Ordinary and practical strategies should be developed to optimize incidents reporting, to make people aware about their responsibilities about the culture of reporting and to improve the risk communication and the quality of healthcare and patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Rossi Varallo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristina Passos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Tales Rubens de Nadai
- Hospital Estadual Américo Brasiliense, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Damanti S, Brignolo-Ottolini B, Cesari M, Bonini G, Mari D, Pasina L. Apparently trivial but serious mistakes: the underestimated risk of a QT prolongation. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:1247-9. [PMID: 29380266 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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