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Kul E, Stork O. Trehalose consumption ameliorates pathogenesis in an inducible mouse model of the Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37776526 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2261682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a naturally occurring sugar found in various food and pharmaceutical preparations with the ability to enhance cellular proteostasis and reduce the formation of toxic intracellular protein aggregates, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for various neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVES Here, we explored the effectiveness of nutritional trehalose supplementation in ameliorating symptoms in a mouse model of Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), an incurable late onset manifestation of moderately expanded trinucleotide CGG repeat expansion mutations in the 5' untranslated region of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 gene (FMR1). METHODS An inducible mouse model of FXTAS expressing 90 CGG repeats in the brain had been previously developed, which faithfully captures hallmarks of the disorder, the formation of intracellular inclusions, and the disturbance of motor function. Taking advantage of the inducible nature of the model, we investigated the therapeutic potential of orally administered trehalose under two regimens, modelling disease prevention and disease treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Trehalose's effectiveness in combating protein aggregation is frequently attributed to its ability to induce autophagy. Accordingly, trehalose supplementation under the prevention regimen ameliorated the formation of intranuclear inclusions and improved the motor deficiencies resulting from the induced expression of 90 CGG repeats, but it failed to reverse the existing nuclear pathology as a treatment strategy. Given the favorable safety profile of trehalose, it is promising to further explore the potential of this agent for early stage FXTAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Kul
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Sun S, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Li C, Huang D, Ding R, Cao J, Hao J. Role of ROS-mediated PERK/ATF4 signaling activation in extracorporeal tube formation injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by cooking oil fume PM 2.5 exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115332. [PMID: 37611476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cooking oil fume-derived PM2.5 (COF-PM2.5) is a major source of indoor air contamination in China, which has been demonstrated to be a hazard factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of ROS-mediated PERK/ATF4 signaling activation in COF-PM2.5-inhibited extracorporeal tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with 100 μg/mL COF-PM2.5 at different times, with or without 100 nM PERK activity inhibitor GSK2606414 (GSK) or 200 μM antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment. Our results showed that COF-PM2.5 exposure can inhibit extracorporeal tube formation and down-regulate VEGFR2 expression in HUVECs. Furthermore, our data indicated that COF-PM2.5 exposure can activate the PERK/ATF4 signaling in HUVECs. Mechanistically, pretreatment with GSK interdicted PERK/ATF4 signaling, thereby reversing COF-PM2.5-downregulated VEGFR2 protein expression in HUVECs. Furthermore, NAC reversed VEGFR2 expression downregulated induced by COF-PM2.5 by inhibiting the upregulation of intracellular ROS levels and PERK/ATF4 signaling in HUVECs. As above, COF-PM2.5 exposure could induce ROS release from HUVECs, which in turn activate the endoplasmic reticulum PERK/ATF4 signaling and inhibit tube formation of HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Changlian Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 86 Lu'an Road, Hefei 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Zhang S, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Huang C, Lin D. Metabolomic Analysis of Trehalose Alleviating Oxidative Stress in Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13346. [PMID: 37686153 PMCID: PMC10488301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose, a naturally occurring non-toxic disaccharide, has attracted considerable attention for its potential in alleviating oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. In this study, our aim was to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms underlying the protective effects of trehalose against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts. Our results show that both trehalose treatment and pretreatment effectively alleviate the H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability, reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and attenuate lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, using NMR-based metabolomics analysis, we observed that trehalose treatment and pretreatment modulate the metabolic profile of myoblasts, specifically regulating oxidant metabolism and amino acid metabolism, contributing to their protective effects against oxidative stress. Importantly, our results reveal that trehalose treatment and pretreatment upregulate the expression levels of P62 and Nrf2 proteins, thereby activating the Nrf2-NQO1 axis and effectively reducing oxidative stress. These significant findings highlight the potential of trehalose supplementation as a promising and effective strategy for alleviating oxidative stress in skeletal muscle and provide valuable insights into its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
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Zhang Q, Feng R, Miao R, Lin J, Cao L, Ni Y, Li W, Zhao X. Combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of heat tolerance of Le023M, a mutant in Lentinulaedodes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18360. [PMID: 37519752 PMCID: PMC10372740 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentinula edodes, one of the most highly regarded edible mushrooms in China, is susceptible to damage from high temperatures. However, a mutant strain derived from L. edodes, known as Le023M, has shown exceptional thermotolerance. Compared to the original strain Le023, Le023M exhibited accelerated mycelial recovery following heat stress. Through RNA-seq analysis, the majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be associated with functions such as "protein refolding", "protein unfolding", "protein folding", and "response to heat", all of which are closely linked to heat shock proteins. Furthermore, qRT-PCR results revealed significant accumulation of heat shock-related genes in Le023M under heat stress. GC-MS analysis indicated elevated levels of trehalose, aspartate, and glutamate in Le023M when subjected to heat stress. The highly expressed genes involved in these metabolic pathways were predominantly found in Le023M. Collectively, these findings highlight the following: (i) the crucial role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the thermo-resistant mechanisms of Le023M; (ii) the potential of trehalose accumulation in Le023M to enhance mycelium resistance to heat stress; and (iii) the induction of aspartate and glutamate accumulation in response to heat stress. These results shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermotolerance of Le023M, providing valuable insights for further understanding and improving heat stress response in L. edodes. The findings also highlight the potential applications of Le023M in the cultivation and production of L. edodes under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
| | - Rencai Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyun Miao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
| | - Junbin Lin
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
| | - Luping Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yanqing Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
- Facility Agriculture and Equipment Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agri-engineering Technology, Wuwei, 733006, Gansu, China
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Parekh P, Sharma N, Sharma M, Gadepalli A, Sayyed AA, Chatterjee S, Kate A, Khairnar A. AMPK-dependent autophagy activation and alpha-Synuclein clearance: a putative mechanism behind alpha-mangostin's neuroprotection in a rotenone-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2853-2870. [PMID: 36178640 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) accumulation is central to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), hence the quest for finding potential therapeutics that may promote the α-Syn clearance is the need of the hour. To this, activation of the evolutionarily conserved protein and key regulator of the autophagy, 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is well-known to induce autophagy and subsequently the clearance of α-Syn aggregates. Alpha-mangostin (AM) a polyphenolic xanthone obtained from Garcinia Mangostana L. was previously reported to activate AMPK-dependent autophagy in various pre-clinical cancer models. However, no studies evidenced the effect of AM on AMPK-dependent autophagy activation in the PD. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective activity of AM in the chronic rotenone mouse model of PD against rotenone-induced α-Syn accumulation and to dissect molecular mechanisms underlying the observed neuroprotection. The findings showed that AM exerts neuroprotection against rotenone-induced α-Syn accumulation in the striatum and cortex by activating AMPK, upregulating autophagy (LC3II/I, Beclin-1), and lysosomal (TFEB) markers. Of note, an in-vitro study utilizing rat pheochromocytoma cells verified that AM conferred the neuroprotection only through AMPK activation, as the presence of inhibitors of AMPK (dorsomorphin) and autophagy (3-methyl adenine) failed to mitigate rotenone-induced α-Syn accumulation. Moreover, AM also counteracted rotenone-induced behavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and degeneration of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons. In conclusion, AM provided neuroprotection by ameliorating the rotenone-induced α-Syn accumulation through AMPK-dependent autophagy activation and it can be considered as a therapeutic agent which might be having a higher translational value in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathik Parekh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nishant Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anagha Gadepalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Adil Ali Sayyed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sayan Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Abhijeet Kate
- Department of Natural products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India.
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Islam MS, Shin HY, Yoo YJ, Lee EY, Kim R, Jang YJ, Akanda MR, Tae HJ, Kim IS, Ahn D, Park BY. Fermented Mentha arvensis administration provides neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils and SH-SY5Y cells via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:172. [PMID: 35752797 PMCID: PMC9233811 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, ischemic stroke is a major health threat to humans that causes lifelong disability and death. Mentha arvensis (MA) has been used in traditional medicine to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders. In the present study, the neuroprotective properties of fermented MA (FMA) extract were investigated in the gerbil and SH-SY5Y cells. model of transient global cerebral ischemia. Methods Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbil and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated neurotoxic effects in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were investigated. FMA (400 mg/kg) was orally administered for 7 days before induction of ischemic stroke. To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of FMA, we implemented various assays such as cell viability assay (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), histofluorescence, and western blot. Results FMA pretreatment effectively decreased transient ischemia (TI) induced neuronal cell death as well as activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal region. The protective effects of FMA extract against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells were observed by MTT and LDH assay. However, FMA pretreatment significantly increased the expression of the antioxidant marker proteins such as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) in the hippocampus and SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) further activated a cascade of outcomes such as neuroinflammation and apoptosis. FMA pretreatment notably decreased TI and H2O2 induced activation of MAPK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38) proteins in hippocampus and SH-SY5Y cells respectively. Besides, pretreatment with FMA markedly reduced H2O2 mediated Bax/Bcl2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion Thus, these results demonstrated that neuroprotective activities of FMA might contribute to regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03653-7.
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Mo F, Zhou X, Yang M, Chen L, Tang Z, Wang C, Cui Y. Trehalose Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells Subjected to Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36009683 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of trehalose (Tre) on antioxidant capacity, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response and apoptosis of heat-stressed intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). IPEC-J2 cells were cultured at 37 °C until the end of the experiment (control, CON); exposed to heat stress for 2 h (43 °C, HS); or pretreated with 0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 15 mM trehalose at 37 °C for 4 h prior to heat stress exposure for 2 h. The optimum level of trehalose for protecting against HS-induced cell injuries was determined to be 10 mM, as evidenced by the highest cellular viability and lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Based on these, IPEC-J2 cells were divided into three groups: the first group was cultured at 37 °C until the end of the experiment (control, CON); the second group was exposed to heat stress for 2 h (43 °C, HS); the third group was pretreated with 10 mM trehalose for 4 h at 37 °C prior to heat stress exposure for 2 h (Tre + HS). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes, and expressions of the manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), ERS and apoptosis-related proteins were determined. Compared to the CON group, HS significantly increased ROS generation (p < 0.01), decreased SOD activity (p < 0.05), and downregulated protein expression of SOD2 (p < 0.01). Compared to the HS group, Tre supplementation reduced ROS levels and increased SOD activity and SOD2 expression to the levels that were comparable to the control (p < 0.05). The HS-induced ERS response was evidenced by the increased protein expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) (p < 0.01), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eif2α) (p < 0.01), transcription activator 4 (ATF4) (p < 0.01), and the protein expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) (p < 0.01), which were the four hallmarks of ERS. The Tre + HS group showed lower expressions of GRP78 (p < 0.01), p-eif2α (p < 0.01), ATF4 (p < 0.01), and CHOP (p < 0.01) than that of the HS group. Tre pretreatment attenuated HS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells, demonstrated by the increased MMP and decreased proapoptotic proteins active caspase 3, Bax, and cytochrome c (Cyt c). Taken together, trehalose can protect against HS-induced oxidative damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. These data may provide a nutritional strategy for alleviating heat stress in pig production.
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Pupyshev AB, Klyushnik TP, Akopyan AA, Singh SK, Tikhonova MA. Disaccharide Trehalose in Experimental Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Molecular Targets and Translational Potential. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106373. [PMID: 35907433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Induction of autophagy is a prospective approach to the treatment of neurodegeneration. In the recent decade, trehalose attracted special attention. It is an autophagy inducer with negligible adverse effects and is approved for use in humans according to FDA requirements. Trehalose has a therapeutic effect in various experimental models of diseases. This glucose disaccharide with a flexible α-1-1'-glycosidic bond has unique properties: induction of mTOR-independent autophagy (with kinase AMPK as the main target) and a chaperone-like effect on proteins imparting them natural spatial structure. Thus, it can reduce the accumulation of neurotoxic aberrant/misfolded proteins. Trehalose has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits detrimental oxidative stress partially owing to the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defense represented by the Nrf2 protein. The disaccharide activates lysosome and autophagosome biogenesis pathways through the protein factors TFEB and FOXO1. Here we review various mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of trehalose and touch on the possibility of pleiotropic effects. Current knowledge about specific features of trehalose pharmacodynamics is discussed. The neuroprotective effects of trehalose in animal models of major neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are examined too. Attention is given to translational transition to clinical trials of this drug, especially oral and parenteral routes of administration. Besides, the possibility of enhancing the therapeutic benefit via a combination of mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy inducers is analyzed. In general, trehalose appears to be a promising multitarget tool for the inhibition of experimental neurodegeneration and requires thorough investigation of its clinical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Pupyshev
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Klyushnik
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoye shosse 34, Moscow 115522, Russia.
| | - Anna A Akopyan
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Krishna Bhawan, 594 Kha/123, Shahinoor Colony, Nilmatha, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226002, India.
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
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Bourouti KE, Konstantaros C, Gaitanaki C, Aggeli IK. Severe Hyperosmotic Stress Issues an ER Stress-Mediated “Death Sentence” in H9c2 Cells, with p38-MAPK and Autophagy “Coming to the Rescue”. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061421. [PMID: 35740442 PMCID: PMC9219732 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With several cardiovascular pathologies associated with osmotic perturbations, researchers are in pursuit of identifying the signaling sensors, mediators and effectors involved, aiming at formulating novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the present study, H9c2 cells were treated with 0.5 M sorbitol to elicit hyperosmotic stress. Immunoblotting as well as cell viability analyses revealed the simultaneous but independent triggering of multiple signaling pathways. In particular, our findings demonstrated the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) and upregulation of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein (BiP) expression, indicating the onset of the Integrated Stress Response (IRS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), respectively. In addition, autophagy was also induced, evidenced by the enhancement of Beclin-1 protein expression and of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) and Raptor phosphorylation levels. The involvement of a Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE-1) as well as NADPH oxidase (Nox) in 0.5 M sorbitol-induced eIF2α phosphorylation was also indicated. Of note, while inhibition of ERS partially alleviated the detrimental effect of 0.5 M sorbitol on H9c2 cellular viability, attenuation of p38-MAPK activity and late phase autophagy further mitigated it. Deciphering the mode of these pathways’ potential interactions and of their complications may contribute to the quest for effective clinical interventions against associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Shu B, Wan J, Li X, Liu R, Xu C, An Y, Chen J. Preconditioning with Trehalose Protects the Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Oxidative Stress and Enhances the Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:118-131. [PMID: 35647904 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has emerged as a potential treatment for ischemic stroke. Preconditioning with pharmacological agents before cell transplantation has been shown to increase the efficiency of cell therapy. In this study, trehalose (Tre), an autophagy inducer, was used as a pharmacological agent to treat BMSCs, and the neuroprotective effect of BMSCs preconditioned with Tre on cerebral ischemia was assessed. BMSCs were treated in vitro with different concentrations of Tre. Immunofluorescence staining of LC3B was performed to detect autophagy, and Western blotting for LC3, Beclin1, p-AMPK, and p-mTOR was performed. Flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis were performed to measure cell apoptosis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the secretion levels of neurotrophic factors. An in vivo ischemia/reperfusion model was generated by middle cerebral artery occlusion in male Sprague Dawley rats, and Tre-preconditioned BMSCs were administered intralesionally 24 hours after ischemic injury. Histopathological examination and neurological function studies were conducted. In vitro, Tre promotes autophagy of BMSCs through the activation of the AMPK signal pathway. Tre protected BMSCs from H2O2-induced cell viability reduction and apoptosis. Moreover, Tre pretreatment increased the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hepatocyte growth factor. In vivo, preconditioning with Tre could further enhance the survival of BMSCs, reduce infarct size, alleviate cell apoptosis, abate vessel decrease, and ultimately improve functional recovery. Our study indicates that Tre can enhance the survival of BMSCs under oxidative stress and enhance BMSC-based treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Raynald Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihua An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingcao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Moon SH, Kwon Y, Huh YE, Choi HJ. Trehalose ameliorates prodromal non-motor deficits and aberrant protein accumulation in a rotenone-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:417-432. [PMID: 35618982 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose has been recently revealed as an attractive candidate to prevent and modify Parkinson's disease (PD) progression by regulating autophagy; however, studies have only focused on the reduction of motor symptoms rather than the modulation of disease course from prodromal stage. This study aimed to evaluate whether trehalose has a disease-modifying effect at the prodromal stage before the onset of a motor deficit in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice exposed to rotenone. We found significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and motor dysfunction after 2 weeks rotenone treatment. Mice exposed to rotenone for a week showed an accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain and prodromal non-motor deficits, such as depression and olfactory dysfunction, prior to motor deficits. Trehalose significantly improved olfactory dysfunction and depressive-like behaviors and markedly reduced α-synuclein and p62 deposition in the brain. Trehalose further ameliorated motor impairment and loss of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in rotenone-treated mice. We demonstrated that prodromal non-motor signs in a rotenone-induced PD mouse model are associated with protein aggregate accumulation in the brain and that an autophagy inducer could be valuable to prevent PD progression from prodromal stage by regulating abnormal protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Hee Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Huh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Abu-Khudir R, Ibrahim WM, Shams ME, Salama AF. Trehalose alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Swiss albino mice by suppression of oxidative stress and autophagy. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22859. [PMID: 34328254 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, the use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). The current study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of trehalose (TRE) against DIC in a female Swiss albino mouse model. Mice were divided into five experimental groups: Gp. I: saline control group (200 μl/mouse saline three times per week for 3 weeks day after day), Gp. II: DOX-treated group (2 mg/kg body weight three times per week for 3 weeks day after day), Gp. III: TRE group (200 μg/mouse three times per week for 3 weeks day after day), Gp. IV: DOX + TRE cotreatment group (animals were coadministered with DOX and TRE as in Gp. II and III, respectively), and Gp. V: DOX + TRE posttreatment group (animals were treated with DOX as in Gp. II followed by treatment with TRE as in Gp. III). DOX-treated mice showed significant elevation in cardiac injury biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, and cardiac troponin I), cardiac oxidative stress (OS) markers (malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase), and cardiac levels of autophagy-related protein 5. Moreover, DOX significantly reduced the levels of total antioxidant capacity and activities of catalase and glutathione S-transferase. In contrast, TRE treatment of DOX-administered mice significantly improved almost all of the above-mentioned assessed parameters. Furthermore, histopathological changes of cardiac tissues observed in mice treated with TRE in combination with DOX were significantly improved as compared to DOX-treated animals. Taken together, the present study provides evidence that TRE has cardioprotective effects against DIC, which is likely mediated via suppression of OS and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Shams
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Afrah F Salama
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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13
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Li T, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Liu H. Lycopene prevents oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced autophagic death in SH-SY5Y cells via inhibition of the oxidative stress-activated AMPK/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:594. [PMID: 34165166 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene has been reported to exert a protective effect on the brain against transient ischemia‑induced damage; however, whether it could regulate autophagic neuronal death remains elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy in the protective effects of lycopene against neuronal damage and its underlying mechanism. Oxygen‑glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to simulate neuronal ischemic injury in human SH‑SY5Y cells. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay revealed that OGD induced SH‑SY5Y cell death. Western blotting demonstrated that OGD upregulated the expression levels of the autophagy marker proteins autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) and LC3II, but downregulated the autophagy substrate p62 in a time‑dependent manner. By contrast, OGD‑induced cell death was significantly inhibited by the autophagy inhibitors 3‑methyladenine or bafilomycin A1 or by knockdown of ATG5, indicating that OGD may induce autophagic death in SH‑SY5Y cells. Notably, lycopene was shown not only to prevent OGD‑induced SH‑SY5Y cell death, but was also able to effectively inhibit OGD‑induced upregulation of ATG5 and LC3II, and downregulation of p62 in a dose‑dependent manner. Mechanistically, it was suggested that lycopene inhibited OGD‑induced activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway via attenuation of oxidative stress by maintaining the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, the inhibitory role of lycopene in GSH depletion was found to be associated with the prevention of OGD‑induced depletion of intracellular cysteine and downregulation of xCT. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that lycopene protected SH‑SY5Y cells against OGD‑induced autophagic death by inhibiting oxidative stress‑dependent activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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14
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Yan ZY, Zhao MR, Huang CY, Zhang LJ, Zhang JX. Trehalose alleviates high-temperature stress in Pleurotus ostreatus by affecting central carbon metabolism. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:82. [PMID: 33827585 PMCID: PMC8028756 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trehalose, an intracellular protective agent reported to mediate defense against many stresses, can alleviate high-temperature-induced damage in Pleurotus ostreatus. In this study, the mechanism by which trehalose relieves heat stress was explored by the addition of exogenous trehalose and the use of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (tps1) overexpression transformants. Results The results suggested that treatment with exogenous trehalose or overexpression of tps1 alleviated the accumulation of lactic acid under heat stress and downregulated the expression of the phosphofructokinase (pfk) and pyruvate kinase (pk) genes, suggesting an ameliorative effect of trehalose on the enhanced glycolysis in P. ostreatus under heat stress. However, the upregulation of hexokinase (hk) gene expression by trehalose indicated the involvement of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in heat stress resistance. Moreover, treatment with exogenous trehalose or overexpression of tps1 increased the gene expression level and enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) and increased the production of both the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione (GSH), confirming the effect of trehalose on alleviating oxidative damage by enhancing PPP in P. ostreatus under heat stress. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous trehalose or overexpression of tps1 ameliorated the decrease in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) caused by heat stress, suggesting a relationship between trehalose and mitochondrial function under heat stress. Conclusions Trehalose alleviates high-temperature stress in P. ostreatus by inhibiting glycolysis and stimulating PPP activity. This study may provide further insights into the heat stress defense mechanism of trehalose in edible fungi from the perspective of intracellular metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01572-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meng-Ran Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chen-Yang Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li-Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin-Xia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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15
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Bastin AR, Nazari-Robati M, Sadeghi H, Doustimotlagh AH, Sadeghi A. Trehalose and N-Acetyl Cysteine Alleviate Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:963-979. [PMID: 33632046 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1891095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidence has shown that inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in the development of a great number of human diseases. Trehalose possesses various biological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is little data on the effects of trehalose on human cells including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Here, we aimed to investigate whether trehalose could attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in PBMCs.Methods: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR were used to assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines. To investigate the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB, western blot analysis was utilized. Oxidant-antioxidant markers were assessed using ELISA and colorimetric procedures.Results: The results revealed that trehalose significantly mitigated the effect of LPS on the phosphorylation of JNK and NF-κB-P65 (p < .00). This mitigation was associated with significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P < .05). The antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) also showed similar effects on JNK and NF-κB-P65 phosphorylation and inflammatory cytokines (p < .00). Furthermore, trehalose alleviated oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated PBMCs as it reversed the altered levels of malondialdehyde and total thiols (p ≤ .05) and restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and manganese superoxide dismutase (p < .001).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that trehalose prevented inflammation and oxidative stress in the LPS-stimulated PBMCs, providing evidence for the benefits of trehalose as a potential therapeutic agent in inflammatory conditions.Abbreviations: LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; NAC: N-Acetyl cysteine; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Bastin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Center "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nazari-Robati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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16
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S N Chaitanya N, Devi A, Sahu S, Alugoju P. Molecular mechanisms of action of Trehalose in cancer: A comprehensive review. Life Sci 2021; 269:118968. [PMID: 33417959 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis maintained by several cellular processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, aging, and neurodegeneration, contribute to cell growth and development. Cancer cells undergo aberrant changes from a normal cell that show abnormal behaviour such as reduced apoptosis and autophagy, increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Various pharmacological and genetic inhibitors have been reported as drug candidates to control cancer cells, but the use of natural molecules as anti-cancer agents are limited. There is an emerging need for the development of alternative natural therapeutic agents that maintain cellular homeostasis without affecting cell viability and physiology. This review highlights the multifunctional roles of Trehalose, a natural disaccharide that can target various cellular processes in the cancer. Trehalose possessing an antioxidant activity also has effect on cancer, which is explained through targeting cell progression, angiogenesis and metastasis pathways at molecular level targeting EGFR, PI3K, Akt, VEGF and MMP 9 proteins inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyshadham S N Chaitanya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Telangana State 500046, India
| | - Arpita Devi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Sibani Sahu
- Department of Human Genetics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530001, India
| | - Phaniendra Alugoju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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17
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Dong Y, Bi W, Zheng K, Zhu E, Wang S, Xiong Y, Chang J, Jiang J, Liu B, Lu Z, Cheng Y. Nicotine Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Injury Through α7-nAChR/Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:557647. [PMID: 33328880 PMCID: PMC7717967 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.557647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage has been implicated to play a dominant role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nicotine, a principal additive compound for tobacco users, is thought as a candidate to attenuate amyloid-β-mediated neurotoxicity and NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Previous studies demonstrated that nicotine exerted this neuroprotective action on oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms underlying how nicotine contributes on oxidative injury in immortalized hippocampal HT-22 cells remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study we investigated that the potential effects of nicotine on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury and underlying mechanisms in HT-22 cells. We found that pretreatment with nicotine at low concentrations markedly recovered the cell cycle that was arrested at the G2/M phase in the presence of H2O2 through reduced intracellular ROS generation. Moreover, nicotine attenuated H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions. Mechanistically, the application of nicotine significantly upregulated the levels of phosphorylated Erk1/2. The neuroprotective effects of nicotine, in turn, were abolished by PD0325901, a selective Erk1/2 inhibitor. Further obtained investigation showed that nicotine exerted its neuroprotective effects via specifically activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs). A selective inhibitor of α7-nAChRs, methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA), not only completely prevented nicotine-mediated antioxidation but also abolished expression of p-Erk1/2. Taken together, our findings suggest that nicotine suppresses H2O2-induced HT-22 cell injury through activating the α7-nAChR/Erk1/2 signaling pathway, which indicates that nicotine may be a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchuan Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enni Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiping Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongxian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Yu W, Zha W, Peng H, Wang Q, Zhang S, Ren J. Trehalose Protects against Insulin Resistance-Induced Tissue Injury and Excessive Autophagy in Skeletal Muscles and Kidney. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2077-2085. [PMID: 31538882 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708221539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance refers to a pathological state of compromised sensitivity of insulin to promote glucose uptake and utilization, resulting in compensatory excessive insulin secretion and hyperinsulinemia in an effort to maintain glucose homeostasis. Akt2 represents an important member of the Akt family and plays an essential role in the maintenance of insulin signaling. METHODS This study was designed to examine the effects of trehalose on kidney and skeletal muscle (rectus femoris muscle) injury in an Akt2 knockout-induced model of insulin resistance. Akt2 knockout (Akt2-/-) and adult WT mice were treated with trehalose (1 mg/g/d) intraperitoneally for 2 days, followed by providing 2% trehalose in drinking water for 2 months. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), protein carbonyl content and mitochondrial function (aconitase activity) were examined. Apoptosis and autophagy protein markers were monitored using western blot analysis. RESULTS Akt2 ablation impaired glucose tolerance, promoted protein carbonyl formation and decreased aconitase activity in kidney and skeletal muscles, associated with pronounced apoptosis and overt autophagy, the effects of which, with the exception of IPGTT, were greatly ameliorated or negated by trehalose treatment. Moreover, phosphorylation of mTOR was downregulated in both kidney and skeletal muscles from Akt2-/- mice, the effect of which was attenuated by trehalose. Levels of Akt (pan and Akt2) were much lower in Akt2-/- mice, the effect of which was unaffected by trehalose treatment although trehalose itself upregulated Akt levels. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the autophagy inducer trehalose rescued against insulin resistance-induced kidney and skeletal muscle injury, apoptosis and excessive autophagy, possibly in association with restored mTOR phosphorylation without affecting Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Wenliang Zha
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, United States.,Department of Surgery, Clinic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiurong Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Moon JE, Heo W, Lee SH, Lee SH, Lee HG, Lee JH, Kim YJ. Trehalose Protects the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:54-61. [PMID: 31546305 PMCID: PMC9728326 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1906.06041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii is the only probiotic yeast with US Food and Drug Administration approval. It is routinely used to prevent or treat acute diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders, including the antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile infections. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically H2O2 during normal aerobic metabolism, contributes to programmed cell death and represents a risk to the viability of the probiotic microbe. Moreover, a loss of viability reduces the efficacy of the probiotic treatment. Therefore, inhibiting the accumulation of ROS in the oxidant environment could improve the viability of the probiotic yeast and lead to more efficacious treatment. Here, we provide evidence that supplementation with a non-reducing disaccharide, namely trehalose, enhanced the viability of S. boulardii exposed to an oxidative environment by preventing metacaspase YCA1-mediated programmed cell death through inhibition of intracellular ROS production. Our results suggest that supplementation with S. boulardii together with trehalose could increase the viability of the organism, and thus improve its effectiveness as a probiotic and as a treatment for acute diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Moon
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 3009, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Heo
- Institutes of Natural Sciences, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 3009, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Taegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 3009, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.H.L. Phone: +82-44-860-1764 Fax: +82-44-860-1430 E-mail:
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 3009, Republic of Korea,Y.J.K. Phone: +82-44-860-1435 Fax: +82-44-860-1780 E-mail:
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20
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Tian W, Zhao J, Lee JH, Akanda MR, Cho JH, Kim SK, Choi YJ, Park BY. Neuroprotective Effects of Cornus officinalis on Stress-Induced Hippocampal Deficits in Rats and H 2O 2-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:E27. [PMID: 31888114 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a vital role in neurodegenerative diseases. Cornus officinalis (CC) has a wide range of pharmacological activities (e.g., antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory). The present study was undertaken to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of CC and fermented CC (FCC) on stress and H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage in rats and SH-SY5Y cells. A dose of 100 mg/kg CC or FCC was orally administered to rats 1 h prior to immobilization 2 h per day for 14 days. CC, especially FCC administration decreased immobility time in forced swim test (FST), effectively alleviated the oxidative stress, and remarkably decreased corticosterone, β-endorphin and increased serotonin levels, respectively. In cells, CC and FCC significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and significantly increased the genes expression of antioxidant and neuronal markers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, the pro-apoptotic factor Bax and anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio was regulated by CC and FCC pretreatment. Both in rats and cells, CC and FCC downregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that CC and particularly FCC ameliorated oxidative stress and may be used on the neuroprotection.
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21
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Liu K, Jing M, Liu C, Yan D, Ma Z, Wang C, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu B. Effect of trehalose on manganese‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell damage in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:536-547. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Meng‐Jiao Jing
- Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Dong‐Ying Yan
- Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China
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Zhou XL, Liu ZB, Zhu RR, Huang H, Xu QR, Xu H, Zeng L, Li YY, Huang CH, Wu QC, Liu JC. NSD2 silencing alleviates pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting trehalose metabolism and autophagy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1085-96. [PMID: 31040165 DOI: 10.1042/CS20190142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor binding SET domain 2 (NSD2)-mediated metabolic reprogramming has been demonstrated to regulate oncogenesis via catalyzing the methylation of histones. The present study aimed to investigate the role of NSD2-mediated metabolic abnormality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model was established and infected with adeno-associated virus carrying short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting NSD2. Hemodynamic parameters, ventricular function, and pathology were evaluated by microcatheter, echocardiography, and histological analysis. Metabolomics changes in lung tissue were analyzed by LC-MS. The results showed that silencing of NSD2 effectively ameliorated MCT-induced PAH and right ventricle dysfunction, and partially reversed pathological remodeling of pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, the silencing of NSD2 markedly reduced the di-methylation level of H3K36 (H3K36me2 level) and inhibited autophagy in pulmonary artery. Non-targeted LC-MS based metabolomics analysis indicated that trehalose showed the most significant change in lung tissue. NSD2-regulated trehalose mainly affected ABC transporters, mineral absorption, protein digestion and absorption, metabolic pathways, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. In conclusion, we reveal a new role of NSD2 in the pathogenesis of PAH related to the regulation of trehalose metabolism and autophagy via increasing the H3K36me2 level. NSD2 is a promising target for PAH therapy.
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Howson PA, Johnston TH, Ravenscroft P, Hill MP, Su J, Brotchie JM, Koprich JB. Beneficial Effects of Trehalose on Striatal Dopaminergic Deficits in Rodent and Primate Models of Synucleinopathy in Parkinson's Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:364-374. [PMID: 30918068 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease modification in Parkinson's disease (PD) is an unmet medical need. In the current study, we evaluated trehalose, a safe and well-tolerated disaccharide that has previously demonstrated efficacy in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In a rat model of PD, based on delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 1/2 containing the mutated human A53T α-synuclein gene (AAV1/2-hourA53T-aSyn) to the substantia nigra (SN), we showed that rats administered trehalose (2.67 g/kg per day, by mouth) for 6 weeks had less forelimb asymmetry (93% reduction) and higher striatal dopamine (54% increase) compared with rats receiving vehicle. In a pharmacokinetic study, we determined that efficacy was associated with plasma C max of 8900 ng/ml and area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-inf) of 11,136 hour⋅ng/ml. We then showed, in macaques, that oral administration of trehalose (2.67 g/kg per day) produced plasma exposures of similar magnitude, with plasma C max of 10,918 ng/ml and AUC0-inf of 27,445 hour⋅ng/ml. In a macaque model of PD, also based on delivery of AAV1/2-hourA53T-aSyn to the SN, trehalose (2.67 g/kg per day, by mouth), administered for 142 days, produced higher striatal dopamine (by 39%) and dopamine transporter levels (by 50%), compared with macaques receiving vehicle. In neither model did trehalose treatment prevent loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive (TH+ve) cells in the SN or alter α-synuclein levels in the striatum. These studies demonstrated that trehalose reduces striatal dopaminergic deficits in a rodent and macaque model of synucleinopathy in PD. Furthermore, we have determined the pharmacokinetic parameters associated with efficacy, and thus defined exposures to target in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Howson
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Tom H Johnston
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Paula Ravenscroft
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Michael P Hill
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Jin Su
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - James B Koprich
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
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Liang X, Yao Y, Lin Y, Kong L, Xiao H, Shi Y, Yang J. Panaxadiol inhibits synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and targets the Fyn protein in APP/PS1 mice and APP-SH-SY5Y cells. Life Sci 2019; 221:35-46. [PMID: 30735733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by memory loss and synaptic damage. Up to now, there are limited drugs to cure or delay the state of this illness. Recently, the Fyn tyrosine kinase is implicated in AD pathology triggered by synaptic damage. Thus, Fyn inhibition may prevent or delay the AD progression. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated whether Panaxadiol could decrease synaptic damage in AD and the underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS The ability of learning and memory of mice has detected by Morris Water Maze. The pathological changes detected by H&E staining and Nissl staining. The percentage of cell apoptosis and the calcium concentration were detected by Flow Cytometry in vitro. The amount of synaptic protein and related proteins in the Fyn/GluN2B/CaMKIIα signaling pathway were detected by Western Blot. KEY FINDINGS In the present article, Panaxadiol could significantly improve the ability of learning and memory of mice and reduce its synaptic dysfunction. Panaxadiol could down-regulate GluN2B's phosphorylation level by inhibition Fyn kinase activity, Subsequently, decrease Ca2+-mediated synaptic damage, reducing LDH leakage, inhibiting apoptosis in AD, resulting in facilitating the cells survival. For the underlying molecular mechanism, we used PP2 to block the Fyn/GluN2B/CaMKIIα signaling pathway. The results from WB showed that the expression of related proteins in the Fyn signaling pathway decreased with PP2 treated. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that Panaxadiol could decrease synaptic damage, which will cause AD via inhibition of the Fyn/GluN2B/CaMKIIα signaling pathway. Thus, the Panaxadiol is a best promising candidate to test as a potential therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicai Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yingjia Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Honghe Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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