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Wallace JL, Pollen AA. Human neuronal maturation comes of age: cellular mechanisms and species differences. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:7-29. [PMID: 37996703 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The delayed and prolonged postmitotic maturation of human neurons, compared with neurons from other species, may contribute to human-specific cognitive abilities and neurological disorders. Here we review the mechanisms of neuronal maturation, applying lessons from model systems to understand the specific features of protracted human cortical maturation and species differences. We cover cell-intrinsic features of neuronal maturation, including transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms, as well as cell-extrinsic features, including the roles of activity and synapses, the actions of glial cells and the contribution of the extracellular matrix. We discuss evidence for species differences in biochemical reaction rates, the proposed existence of an epigenetic maturation clock and the contributions of both general and modular mechanisms to species-specific maturation timing. Finally, we suggest approaches to measure, improve and accelerate the maturation of human neurons in culture, examine crosstalk and interactions among these different aspects of maturation and propose conceptual models to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenelle L Wallace
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Toudji I, Toumi A, Chamberland É, Rossignol E. Interneuron odyssey: molecular mechanisms of tangential migration. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1256455. [PMID: 37779671 PMCID: PMC10538647 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1256455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical GABAergic interneurons are critical components of neural networks. They provide local and long-range inhibition and help coordinate network activities involved in various brain functions, including signal processing, learning, memory and adaptative responses. Disruption of cortical GABAergic interneuron migration thus induces profound deficits in neural network organization and function, and results in a variety of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. It is thus of paramount importance to elucidate the specific mechanisms that govern the migration of interneurons to clarify some of the underlying disease mechanisms. GABAergic interneurons destined to populate the cortex arise from multipotent ventral progenitor cells located in the ganglionic eminences and pre-optic area. Post-mitotic interneurons exit their place of origin in the ventral forebrain and migrate dorsally using defined migratory streams to reach the cortical plate, which they enter through radial migration before dispersing to settle in their final laminar allocation. While migrating, cortical interneurons constantly change their morphology through the dynamic remodeling of actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeleton as they detect and integrate extracellular guidance cues generated by neuronal and non-neuronal sources distributed along their migratory routes. These processes ensure proper distribution of GABAergic interneurons across cortical areas and lamina, supporting the development of adequate network connectivity and brain function. This short review summarizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling cortical GABAergic interneuron migration, with a focus on tangential migration, and addresses potential avenues for cell-based interneuron progenitor transplants in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Toudji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Asmaa Toumi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Émile Chamberland
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Rossignol
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Alkon N, Assen FP, Arnoldner T, Bauer WM, Medjimorec MA, Shaw LE, Rindler K, Holzer G, Weber P, Weninger W, Freystätter C, Chennareddy S, Kinaciyan T, Farlik M, Jonak C, Griss J, Bangert C, Brunner PM. Single-cell RNA sequencing defines disease-specific differences between chronic nodular prurigo and atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:420-435. [PMID: 37210042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic nodular prurigo (CNPG) is an inflammatory skin disease that is maintained by a chronic itch-scratch cycle likely rooted in neuroimmunological dysregulation. This condition may be associated with atopy in some patients, and there are now promising therapeutic results from blocking type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to improve the understanding of pathomechanisms underlying CNPG as well as molecular relationships between CNPG and atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS We profiled skin lesions from patients with CNPG in comparison with AD and healthy control individuals using single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T-cell receptor sequencing. RESULTS We found type 2 immune skewing in both CNPG and AD, as evidenced by CD4+ helper T cells expressing IL13. However, only AD harbored an additional, oligoclonally expanded CD8A+IL9R+IL13+ cytotoxic T-cell population, and immune activation pathways were highly upregulated in AD, but less so in CNPG. Conversely, CNPG showed signatures of extracellular matrix organization, collagen synthesis, and fibrosis, including a unique population of CXCL14-IL24+ secretory papillary fibroblasts. Besides known itch mediators such as IL31 and oncostatin M, we also detected increased levels of neuromedin B in fibroblasts of CNPG lesions compared with AD and HC, with neuromedin B receptors detectable on some nerve endings. CONCLUSIONS These data show that CNPG does not harbor the strong disease-specific immune activation pathways that are typically found in AD but is rather characterized by upregulated stromal remodeling mechanisms that might have a direct impact on itch fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alkon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank P Assen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Arnoldner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang M Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco A Medjimorec
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa E Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Rindler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Holzer
- Department of Dermatology, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Weber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Freystätter
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sumanth Chennareddy
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick M Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Chen X, Wang J. hapln1a + cells guide coronary growth during heart morphogenesis and regeneration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3505. [PMID: 37311876 PMCID: PMC10264374 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several tissues and chemokines orchestrate coronary formation, the guidance cues for coronary growth remain unclear. Here, we profile the juvenile zebrafish epicardium during coronary vascularization and identify hapln1a+ cells enriched with vascular-regulating genes. hapln1a+ cells not only envelop vessels but also form linear structures ahead of coronary sprouts. Live-imaging demonstrates that coronary growth occurs along these pre-formed structures, with depletion of hapln1a+ cells blocking this growth. hapln1a+ cells also pre-lead coronary sprouts during regeneration and hapln1a+ cell loss inhibits revascularization. Further, we identify serpine1 expression in hapln1a+ cells adjacent to coronary sprouts, and serpine1 inhibition blocks vascularization and revascularization. Moreover, we observe the hapln1a substrate, hyaluronan, forming linear structures along and preceding coronary vessels. Depletion of hapln1a+ cells or serpine1 activity inhibition disrupts hyaluronan structure. Our studies reveal that hapln1a+ cells and serpine1 are required for coronary production by establishing a microenvironment to facilitate guided coronary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Li X, Zhou L, Zhang X, Jin Y, Zhao B, Zhang D, Xi C, Ruan J, Zhu Z, Jia JM. Proteins secreted by brain arteriolar smooth muscle cells are instructive for neural development. Mol Brain 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 36451193 PMCID: PMC9710182 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication between vascular and nerve cells mediated by diffusible proteins has recently emerged as a critical intrinsic program for neural development. However, whether the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) secretome regulates the connectivity of neural circuits remains unknown. Here, we show that conditioned medium from brain VSMC cultures enhances multiple neuronal functions, such as neuritogenesis, neuronal maturation, and survival, thereby improving circuit connectivity. However, protein denaturation by heating compromised these effects. Combined omics analyses of donor VSMC secretomes and recipient neuron transcriptomes revealed that overlapping pathways of extracellular matrix receptor signaling and adhesion molecule integrin binding mediate VSMC-dependent neuronal development. Furthermore, we found that human arterial VSMCs promote neuronal development in multiple ways, including expanding the time window for nascent neurite initiation, increasing neuronal density, and promoting synchronized firing, whereas human umbilical vein VSMCs lack this capability. These in vitro data indicate that brain arteriolar VSMCs may carry direct instructive information for neural development through intercellular communication in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhao Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024 China
| | - Lili Zhou
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024 China
| | - Yuxiao Jin
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Bingrui Zhao
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024 China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024 China
| | - Chengjie Xi
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Biotechnology Master’s Program, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Jiayu Ruan
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024 China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024 China
| | - Jie-Min Jia
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024 China
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Ikeda-Yorifuji I, Tsujioka H, Sakata Y, Yamashita T. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing identified cells with ependymal cell-like features enriched in neonatal mice after spinal cord injury. Neurosci Res 2022; 181:22-38. [PMID: 35452717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian central nervous system has limited regenerative ability, and spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes lifelong motor disability. While regeneration is limited in adults, injured spinal cord tissue can be regenerated and neural function can be almost completely restored in neonates. However, difference of cellular composition in lesion has not been well characterized. To gain insight into the age-dependent cellular reaction after SCI, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing, analyzing 4,076 nuclei from sham and injured spinal cords from adult and neonatal mice. Clustering analysis identified 18 cell populations. We identified previously undescribed cells with ependymal cell-like gene expression profile, the number of which was increased in neonates after SCI. Histological analysis revealed that these cells line the central canal under physiological conditions in both adults and neonates. We confirmed that they were enriched in the lesion only in neonates. We further showed that these cells were positive for the cellular markers of ependymal cells, astrocytes and radial glial cells. This study provides a deeper understanding of neonate-specific cellular responses after SCI, which may determine regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyo Ikeda-Yorifuji
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsujioka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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