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Marco-Benedí V, Cenarro A, Laclaustra M, Calmarza P, Bea AM, Vila À, Morillas-Ariño C, Puzo J, Mediavilla Garcia JD, Fernández Alamán AI, Suárez Tembra M, Civeira F. Influence of triglyceride concentration in lipoprotein (a) as a function of dyslipidemia. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2024; 36:71-77. [PMID: 38161102 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, an inverse relationship between the blood concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and triglycerides (TG) has been demonstrated. The larger the VLDL particle size, the greater the presence of VLDL rich in apoliprotein E and in subjects with the apoE2/E2 genotype, the lower Lp(a) concentration. The mechanism of this inverse association is unknown. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the Lp(a)-TG association in patients treated at the lipid units included in the registry of the Spanish Society of Atherosclerosis (SEA) by comparing the different dyslipidemias. PATIENTS AND METHODS Five thousand two hundred and seventy-five subjects ≥18 years of age registered in the registry before March 31, 2023, with Lp(a) concentration data and complete lipid profile information without treatment were included. RESULTS The mean age was 53.0 ± 14.0 years, with 48% women. The 9.5% of subjects (n = 502) had diabetes and the 22.4% (n = 1184) were obese. The median TG level was 130 mg/dL (IQR 88.0-210) and Lp(a) 55.0 nmol/L (IQR 17.9-156). Lp(a) concentration showed a negative association with TG concentration when TG values exceeded 300 mg/dL. Subjects with TG > 1000 mg/dL showed the lowest level of Lp(a), 17.9 nmol/L, and subjects with TG < 300 mg/dL had a mean Lp(a) concentration of 60.1 nmol/L. In subjects without diabetes or obesity, the inverse association of Lp(a)-TG was especially important (p < 0.001). The median Lp(a) was 58.3 nmol/L in those with TG < 300 mg/dL and 22.0 nmol/L if TG > 1000 mg/dL. No association was found between TG and Lp(a) in subjects with diabetes and obesity, nor in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia. In subjects with multifactorial combined hyperlipemia with TG < 300 mg/dL, Lp(a) was 64.6 nmol/L; in the range of 300-399 mg/dL of TG, Lp(a) decreased to 38. 8 nmol/L, and up to 22.3 nmol/L when TG > 1000 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS Our results show an inverse Lp(a)-TG relationship in TG concentrations > 300 mg/dL in subjects without diabetes, obesity and without familial hypercholesterolemia. Our results suggest that, in those hypertriglyceridemias due to hepatic overproduction of VLDL, the formation of Lp(a) is reduced, unlike those in which the peripheral catabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Marco-Benedí
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, España; Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, España; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, España
| | - Martín Laclaustra
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, España; Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Pilar Calmarza
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, España
| | - Ana M Bea
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, España
| | - Àlex Vila
- Unidad de Lípidos, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Figueres, Figueres, España
| | - Carlos Morillas-Ariño
- Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - José Puzo
- Unidad de Lípidos, Servicio de Análisis y Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, España
| | | | | | - Manuel Suárez Tembra
- Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Rafael, A Coruña, España
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, España; Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
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Vila À, Pons E, García PT, Vidal D, López S, Grau A. Observational study of patients from a Lipid Unit on lipid-modifying therapy for primary and secondary prevention: ULFI Study. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2023; 35:272-279. [PMID: 37479646 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) goals established by the 2019 European Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemias and 2021 Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Guidelines, describe the lipid-lowering treatment received, analyze the achievement of goals according to the lipid-lowering treatment received and study the factors associated with therapeutic success. DESIGN Observational study that included 185 patients of both sexes aged 18 or over undergoing lipid-lowering treatment for primary or secondary prevention, attended at the Lipid Unit. RESULTS 62.1% of the patients had a very high cardiovascular risk (CVR) according to the 2019 guidelines, and 60.5% according to the 2021 guidelines. Of the total cases, 22.7% achieved adequate control of LDLc according to the 2019 guidelines and 20% according to the 2021 guidelines. 47.6% of the patients received very high intensity lipid-lowering treatment, and 14.1% received extremely high intensity lipid-lowering treatment. 76% of subjects with very high CVR on extremely high intensity lipid-lowering treatment achieved the therapeutic objectives of both guides. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with therapeutic success were the presence of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the intensity of lipid-lowering treatment, diabetes mellitus, and low to moderate alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidemia control is improvable. High or extremely high intensity lipid-lowering treatments can contribute to optimizing control of patients with higher CVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àlex Vila
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueres, España; Unidad de Lípidos, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueres, España.
| | - Estel Pons
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueres, España
| | | | - Daniel Vidal
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueres, España
| | - Sara López
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueres, España; Unidad de Lípidos, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueres, España
| | - Armand Grau
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueres, España
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Marco-Benedí V, Cenarro A, Vila À, Real JT, Tamarit JJ, Walther LAAS, Diaz-Diaz JL, Perea V, Civeira F, Vaz AJV. Impact of conducting a genetic study on the management of familial hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:717-731. [PMID: 37813710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically diagnosed familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may require a genetic test (GT) to confirm diagnosis. GT availability/accessibility is resource-dependent and usually restricted to specialized clinics. While GT has a diagnostic value, it has not yet defined its impact on long-term management and prognosis of FH. OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify the clinical characteristics associated with the request for a GT in suspected heterozygous FH. METHODS Retrospective study including adult patients with clinically suspected to be FH. Positive GT (GT+) was defined as having a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant. Patients were stratified based on whether they had a genetic study conducted, and among those with a genetic study, according to those who did or did not have a GT+. RESULTS From 4854 patients included, 3090 were performed a GT (GT+: 2113). Median follow-up: 6.2 years. A younger age, FH-related physical signs, premature coronary disease, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and lower body mass index and triglycerides, associated higher odds of being conducted a genetic study. These patients had higher baseline LDLc (252 mg/dL vs. 211 mg/dL among clinically diagnosed patients) and experienced larger reductions over the follow-up (157.7 mg/dL vs. 113.5 mg/dL, respectively). A similar pattern was observed among patients with GT+ (vs. negative GT). LDLc target attainment was low but increased to 66-95% when a triple combination with statin/ezetimibe/proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9-inhibitor was used. Cardiovascular events occurred in 3.2% and 3.1% of patients who conducted/not conducted a genetic study. Patients conducted a genetic analysis and those with GT+ tended to present the events earlier. CONCLUSIONS Genetic study, vs. having a clinical-only diagnosis, impacts the management of FH. Cardiovascular prognosis was similar in both groups, perhaps as a result of the more intensive management of patients with a genetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Marco-Benedí
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain (Drs Marco-Benedí, Cenarro, Civeira); Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Drs Marco-Benedí, Civeira).
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain (Drs Marco-Benedí, Cenarro, Civeira); Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain (Dr Cenarro)
| | - Àlex Vila
- Unidad de Lípidos, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Figueres, Figueres, Spain (Dr Vila)
| | - José T Real
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Departamento de Medicina, Universitat de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain (Dr Real)
| | - Juan J Tamarit
- Consorcio Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain (Dr Tamarit)
| | | | - José Luis Diaz-Diaz
- Unidad de Lípidos, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Spain (Dr Diaz-Diaz)
| | - Verónica Perea
- Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (Dr Perea)
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain (Drs Marco-Benedí, Cenarro, Civeira); Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Drs Marco-Benedí, Civeira)
| | - Antonio J Vallejo Vaz
- Departmento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain (Dr Vaz); Clinical Epidemiology and Vascular Risk, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC, Seville, Spain (Dr Vaz)
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Climent E, Marco-Benedí V, Benaiges D, Pintó X, Suárez-Tembra M, Plana N, Lafuente H, Ortega-Martínez de Victoria E, Brea-Hernando Á, Vila À, Civeira F, Pedro-Botet J. Impact of statin therapy on LDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels in subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1594-1603. [PMID: 33744038 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular risk in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) is driven by LDL cholesterol levels. Since lipid response to statin therapy presents individual variation, this study aimed to compare mean LDL and non-HDL cholesterol reductions and their variability achieved with different types and doses of the most frequently prescribed statins. METHODS AND RESULTS Among primary hypercholesterolaemia cases on the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society registry, 2894 with probable/definite HeFH and complete information on drug therapy and lipid profile were included. LDL cholesterol reduction ranged from 30.2 ± 17.0% with simvastatin 10 mg to 48.2 ± 14.7% with rosuvastatin 40 mg. After the addition of ezetimibe, an additional 26, 24, 21 and 24% reduction in LDL cholesterol levels was obtained for rosuvastatin, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg, respectively. Subjects with definite HeFH and a confirmed genetic mutation had a more discrete LDL cholesterol reduction compared to definite HeFH subjects with no genetic mutation. A suboptimal response (<15% or <30% reduction in LDL cholesterol levels, respectively with low-/moderate-intensity and high-intensity statin therapy) was observed in 13.5% and, respectively, 20.3% of the subjects. CONCLUSION According to the LDL cholesterol reduction in HeFH patients, the ranking for more to less potent statins was rosuvastatin, atorvastatin and simvastatin; however, at maximum dosage, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin were nearly equivalent. HeFH subjects with positive genetic diagnosis had a lower lipid-lowering response. Approximately 1 in 5 patients on high-intensity statin therapy presented a suboptimal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Climent
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Hospital Del Mar; Paseo Marítimo, 25-29; E-08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Campus Universitari Mar; Dr. Aiguader, 80; E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Marco-Benedí
- Lipid Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David Benaiges
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Hospital Del Mar; Paseo Marítimo, 25-29; E-08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Campus Universitari Mar; Dr. Aiguader, 80; E-08003, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital Del Mar D'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 80; E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Lipid and Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Bellvitge, CIBEROBN, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Plana
- Unitat de Medicina Vascular i Metabolisme, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan. IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Hannia Lafuente
- Lipid and Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Bellvitge, CIBEROBN, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Brea-Hernando
- Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - Àlex Vila
- Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Figueres, Figueres, Girona, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Lipid Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Hospital Del Mar; Paseo Marítimo, 25-29; E-08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Campus Universitari Mar; Dr. Aiguader, 80; E-08003, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital Del Mar D'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 80; E-08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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Morales C, Plana N, Arnau A, Matas L, Mauri M, Vila À, Vila L, Soler C, Montesinos J, Masana L, Pedro-Botet J. Causes of failure to achieve the low density lipoprotein cholesterol therapeutic target in patients with high and very high vascular risk controlled in Lipid and Vascular Risk Units. EROMOT study. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2017; 30:1-9. [PMID: 28916128 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determination of the level of achievement of the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) therapeutic target in patients with high and very high vascular risk treated in Lipid Units, as well as the causes of non-achievement. PATIENTS AND METHOD Multicentre retrospective observational study that included patients over 18 years with high and very high vascular risk, according to the criteria of the 2012 European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, referred consecutively to Lipid Units between January and June 2012 and with follow-up two years after the first visit. RESULTS The study included a total of 243 patients from 16 lipid units. The mean age was 52.2 years (SD 13.7), of whom 62.6% were males, and 40.3% of them were very high risk. At the first visit, 86.8% (25.1% in combination) and 95.0% (47.3% in combination) in the second visit (P<.001) were treated with lipid-lowering treatment. The therapeutic target was achieved by 28% (95 CI: 22.4-34.1). As regards the causes of non-achievement, 24.6% were related to the medication (10.3% maximum tolerated dose and 10.9% due to the appearance of adverse effects), 43.4% due to the physician (19.4% by inertia, 13.7% considering that target already reached), and 46.9% due to the patient, highlighting the therapeutic non-compliance (31,4%). CONCLUSIONS LDL-C targets were achieved in about one-third of patients. The low adherence of the patient, followed by medical inertia are the most frequent causes that can explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Morales
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Unitat de Lípids i Risc Vascular, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Barcelona, España.
| | - Núria Plana
- Unitat de Medicina Vascular i Metabolisme (UVASMET), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili de Reus, Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Anna Arnau
- Unitat de Recerca i Innovació, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Barcelona, España
| | - Laia Matas
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Unitat de Risc Vascular i Lípids, Hospital de Sant Pau de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Marta Mauri
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Unitat de Lípids, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa-Hospital de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, España
| | - Àlex Vila
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Unitat de Lípids, Hospital de Figueres, Figueres, Girona, España
| | - Lluís Vila
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Unitat de Lípids, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Consorci Sanitari Integral, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España
| | - Cristina Soler
- Hospital de Santa Caterina de Salt, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Salt, Girona, España
| | - Jesús Montesinos
- Unitat de Recerca i Innovació, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Barcelona, España
| | - Lluís Masana
- Unitat de Medicina Vascular i Metabolisme (UVASMET), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili de Reus, Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Unitat de Lípids i Risc Vascular, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Zamora A, Masana L, Comas-Cufí M, Vila À, Plana N, García-Gil M, Alves-Cabratosa L, Marrugat J, Roman I, Ramos R. Familial hypercholesterolemia in a European Mediterranean population-Prevalence and clinical data from 2.5 million primary care patients. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1013-1022. [PMID: 28826564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the most frequent hereditary cause of premature coronary heart disease (CHD), is underdiagnosed and insufficiently treated. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of the FH phenotype (FH-P) and to describe its clinical characteristics in a Mediterranean population. METHODS Data were obtained from the Catalan primary care system's clinical records database (Catalan acronym: SIDIAP). Patients aged >7 years with at least 1 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement recorded between 2006 and 2014 (n = 2,554,644) were included. Heterozygous FH-P and homozygous FH-P were defined by untreated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma concentrations. The presence of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors was defined by coded medical records from primary care and hospital discharge databases. RESULTS The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of heterozygous FH-P and homozygous FH-P were 1/192 individuals and 1/425,774 individuals, respectively. In the group aged 8 to 18 years, 0.46% (95% confidence interval: 0.41-0.52) had FH-P; overall prevalence was 0.58% (95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.60). Among patients with FH-P aged >18 years, cardiovascular disease prevalence was 3.5 times higher than in general population, and CHD prevalence in those aged 35 to 59 years was 4.5 times higher than in those without FH-P. Lipid-lowering therapy was lacking in 13.5% of patients with FH-P, and only 31.6% of men and 22.7 of women were receiving high or very high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy. CONCLUSION Prevalence of FH-P was higher than expected, but underdiagnosed and suboptimally treated, especially in women. Moreover, treatment started late considering the high CHD incidence associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zamora
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus Salut, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Laboratory of Translational Medicine (Translab), School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Xarxa de Unitats de Lipids de Catalunya (XULA), Girona, Spain; Lipids and Arteriosclerosis Unit, Blanes Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Luís Masana
- Xarxa de Unitats de Lipids de Catalunya (XULA), Girona, Spain; Lipids and Arteriosclerosis Research Unit, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, and Internal Medicine Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Marc Comas-Cufí
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalunya, Spain; ISV Research Group, Research Unit in Primary Care, Girona, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Àlex Vila
- Lipids and Arteriosclerosis Unit, Figueres Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Plana
- Xarxa de Unitats de Lipids de Catalunya (XULA), Girona, Spain; Lipids and Arteriosclerosis Research Unit, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, and Internal Medicine Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria García-Gil
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalunya, Spain; ISV Research Group, Research Unit in Primary Care, Girona, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lia Alves-Cabratosa
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalunya, Spain; ISV Research Group, Research Unit in Primary Care, Girona, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Roman
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafel Ramos
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus Salut, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalunya, Spain; ISV Research Group, Research Unit in Primary Care, Girona, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute, Girona (IdIBGi), ICS, Catalunya, Spain.
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Martín-Campos J, Julve J, Plana N, Figueras R, Esteve E, Mauri M, Bueno M, Caixàs A, Llargués E, Vila À, Morales C, Soler C, Argimón J, Mayos J, Grau J, Zamora A, Matas L, Vila L, Masana L, Blanco-Vaca F. Low-density lipoprotein gene score to identify polygenic forms of familial hypercholesterolemia in a Spanish population. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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