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Sánchez-Ledesma E, Vásquez-Vera H, Sagarra N, Peralta A, Porthé V, Díez È. Perceived pathways between tourism gentrification and health: A participatory Photovoice study in the Gòtic neighborhood in Barcelona. Soc Sci Med 2020; 258:113095. [PMID: 32559574 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tourism gentrification is as process of urban change and neighborhoods transformation, according to the needs of affluent visitors, increasing in some global cities. However, the link between tourism gentrification and resident's health is still an understudied topic. Using Photovoice, a participatory action research method, the aim of this study was to identify the perceived pathways that underlie the relationship between tourism gentrification and health among residents of Gòtic neighborhood, in Barcelona. The study was conducted between January 2018 and January 2019. Thirteen residents, recruited from two neighborhood organizations, took photographs of how tourism gentrification of the neighborhood was affecting their health. Participants analyzed and critically discussed their photographs in small group sessions. Through a consensus-building process, participants categorized 35 photographs and identified 7 emerging categories acknowledged as possible pathways between tourism gentrification and health, in Gòtic neighborhood: 1) decline of social networks; 2) loss of identity; 3) environmental changes; 4) pollution; 5) changes in services and stores; 6) property speculation/eviction and; 7) activism by residents. This Photovoice study recognizes important pathways underlying the relationship between tourism gentrification in the Gòtic neighborhood and the health of its residents, by altering the built environment, the social environment or psychological factors. Among them, six pathways were related to negative health outcomes, both physical and mental (respiratory diseases; worse nutrition habits; sleep deprivation; stress, anxiety and depression). 'Activism by residents' was perceived to buffer the negative health effects of living in a touristic area. The study also provides recommendations to tackle this serious urban health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo Vásquez-Vera
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain; CEES-Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad de La Frontera, Carrera 228, Temuco, Chile; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IBB-Sant Pau), C.de Sant Quintí, 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Sagarra
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Peralta
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Porthé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 (Pabellón 11. Planta 0), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Èlia Díez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain; Departament of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Edificio PRBB (Campus del Mar), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 (Pabellón 11. Planta 0), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IBB-Sant Pau), C.de Sant Quintí, 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
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Puig-Barrachina V, Malmusi D, Artazcoz L, Bartoll X, Clotet E, Cortès-Franch I, Ventura L, Daban F, Díez È, Borrell C. How does a targeted active labour market program impact on the well-being of the unemployed? A concept mapping study on Barcelona "Employment in the Neighbourhoods". BMC Public Health 2020; 20:345. [PMID: 32183755 PMCID: PMC7076971 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The “Employment in the neighbourhoods” program is an innovative, tailor-made Active Labour Market Program that has been implemented in 12 neighbourhoods in Barcelona (Spain). Its goal is to get people from deprived, high-unemployment neighbourhoods back to work. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of the program on participants’ quality of life, and identify the mechanisms underlying these effects, according to their own perception and the perception of technical staff who assisted them. Methods We used Concept Mapping, a mixed methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, to develop a conceptual map of the participants’ and technical staffs’ perceptions about changes in the participants’ quality of life. Data collection occurred within the generation and structuring steps where participants brainstormed answers to a focus question, and then rated and sorted the responses. To create maps, we used Concept Systems Incorporated software, which conducted two main forms of analysis, a multidimensional scaling analysis, and a hierarchical cluster analysis. Results Study participants reported several positive effects on mental health and emotional wellbeing, including self-esteem and empowerment, and considered that this was achieved through strengthened social networks, skills acquisition, emotional coaching, and personalized technical assistance. They also described some negative impacts, mainly related to the labour market situation. We observed marked gender differences in the discourses of program participants. Conclusions The results obtained have allowed us to identify different perceived effects and mechanisms by which the “Employment in the Neighbourhoods” Active Labour Market Programme can influence quality of life of participants from the most deprived areas of Barcelona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Puig-Barrachina
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Davide Malmusi
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Artazcoz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bartoll
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Imma Cortès-Franch
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Methodology of Biomedical Research and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Daban
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Biomedicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Èlia Díez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Mehdipanah R, Novoa AM, León-Gómez BB, López MJ, Palència L, Vasquez H, Díez È, Borrell C, Pérez K. Effects of Superblocks on health and health inequities: a proposed evaluation framework. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:585-588. [PMID: 30936190 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-211738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The following essay outlines the intervention and presents a framework that will serve as a guide in the evaluation of the different effects of the Superblocks. Superblocks consist of amalgamations of blocks throughout the city, with the goal of improving the habitability of public spaces, advancing sustainable mobility, increasing urban green, and promoting residents' participation and coresponsibility, while ultimately influencing residents' health and health inequities. The evaluation framework considers the following aspects: the interventions implemented in the Superblock strategy, the changes that occur at neighbourhood and individual level and the population turnover as intermediate factors and finally the health outcomes. Inequity dimensions are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Mehdipanah
- Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ana M Novoa
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria José López
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Palència
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Vasquez
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Èlia Díez
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katherine Pérez
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Daban F, Pérez A, García I, Vázquez N, Sánchez E, Díez È. Barcelona Health in the Neighbourhoods: an urban Health in All Policies strategy. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Daban
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona - IIB Sant Pau - Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Pérez
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona - IIB Sant Pau - Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I García
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona - IIB Sant Pau - Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Vázquez
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona - IIB Sant Pau - Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Sánchez
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona - IIB Sant Pau - Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - È Díez
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona - IIB Sant Pau - Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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Marí-Dell'Olmo M, Gotsens M, Palència L, Burström B, Corman D, Costa G, Deboosere P, Díez È, Domínguez-Berjón F, Dzúrová D, Gandarillas A, Hoffmann R, Kovács K, Martikainen P, Demaria M, Pikhart H, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Saez M, Santana P, Schwierz C, Tarkiainen L, Borrell C. Socioeconomic inequalities in cause-specific mortality in 15 European cities. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:432-41. [PMID: 25631857 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities are increasingly recognised as an important public health issue, although their role in the leading causes of mortality in urban areas in Europe has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we used data from the INEQ-CITIES study to analyse inequalities in cause-specific mortality in 15 European cities at the beginning of the 21st century. METHODS A cross-sectional ecological study was carried out to analyse 9 of the leading specific causes of death in small areas from 15 European cities. Using a hierarchical Bayesian spatial model, we estimated smoothed Standardized Mortality Ratios, relative risks and 95% credible intervals for cause-specific mortality in relation to a socioeconomic deprivation index, separately for men and women. RESULTS We detected spatial socioeconomic inequalities for most causes of mortality studied, although these inequalities differed markedly between cities, being more pronounced in Northern and Central-Eastern Europe. In the majority of cities, most of these causes of death were positively associated with deprivation among men, with the exception of prostatic cancer. Among women, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, chronic liver diseases and respiratory diseases were also positively associated with deprivation in most cities. Lung cancer mortality was positively associated with deprivation in Northern European cities and in Kosice, but this association was non-existent or even negative in Southern European cities. Finally, breast cancer risk was inversely associated with deprivation in three Southern European cities. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the existence of socioeconomic inequalities in many of the main causes of mortality, and reveal variations in their magnitude between different European cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Gotsens
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Palència
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bo Burström
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Corman
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Costa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrick Deboosere
- Department of Social Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Èlia Díez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dagmar Dzúrová
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Gandarillas
- Subdirección de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rasmus Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pekka Martikainen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Moreno Demaria
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Piedmont, Italy
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maica Rodríguez-Sanz
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Saez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Paula Santana
- Centro de Estudos de Geografia e de Ordenamento do Territorio (CEGOT), Departamento de Geografia, Colégio de S. Jerónimo, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Lasse Tarkiainen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carme Borrell
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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Camprubí L, Díez È, Morrison J, Borrell C. El proyecto Ineq-Cities de investigación en desigualdades urbanas en salud: diseminación y transferencia de conocimiento en España. Gaceta Sanitaria 2014; 28:166-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Borrell C, Marí-Dell'olmo M, Palència L, Gotsens M, Burström BO, Domínguez-Berjón F, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Dzúrová D, Gandarillas A, Hoffmann R, Kovacs K, Marinacci C, Martikainen P, Pikhart H, Corman D, Rosicova K, Saez M, Santana P, Tarkiainen L, Puigpinós R, Morrison J, Pasarín MI, Díez È. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in 16 European cities. Scand J Public Health 2014; 42:245-54. [PMID: 24567425 DOI: 10.1177/1403494814522556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore inequalities in total mortality between small areas of 16 European cities for men and women, as well as to analyse the relationship between these geographical inequalities and their socioeconomic indicators. METHODS A cross-sectional ecological design was used to analyse small areas in 16 European cities (26,229,104 inhabitants). Most cities had mortality data for a period between 2000 and 2008 and population size data for the same period. Socioeconomic indicators included an index of socioeconomic deprivation, unemployment, and educational level. We estimated standardised mortality ratios and controlled for their variability using Bayesian models. We estimated relative risk of mortality and excess number of deaths according to socioeconomic indicators. RESULTS We observed a consistent pattern of inequality in mortality in almost all cities, with mortality increasing in parallel with socioeconomic deprivation. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality were more pronounced for men than women, and relative inequalities were greater in Eastern and Northern European cities, and lower in some Western (men) and Southern (women) European cities. The pattern of excess number of deaths was slightly different, with greater inequality in some Western and Northern European cities and also in Budapest, and lower among women in Madrid and Barcelona. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we report a consistent pattern of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in 16 European cities. Future studies should further explore specific causes of death, in order to determine whether the general pattern observed is consistent for each cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Borrell
- 1Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Fuertes C, Pasarín MI, Borrell C, Artazcoz L, Díez È. Feasibility of a community action model oriented to reduce inequalities in health. Health Policy 2012; 107:289-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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