Synthesis, Biological Activity Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Imidazole Derivatives Possessing Hydrazone Moiety

In an attempt to identify potential active anticancer agents with low cytotoxic properties and CA inhibitors, a new series of hybrid compounds incorporating imidazole ring and hydrazone moiety as part of their structure were synthesized by aza-Michael addition reaction followed by intramolecular cyclization. The structure of synthesized compounds was elucidated using various spectral techniques. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer (prostate cell lines; PC3) and CA inhibitory (hCA I and hCA II) activity. Among them, some compound displayed remarkable anticancer activity and CA inhibitory activity with Ki values in range of 17.53±7.19-150.50±68.87 nM against cytosolic hCA I isoform associated with epilepsy, and 28.82±14.26-153.27±55.80 nM against dominant cytosolic hCA II isoforms associated with glaucoma. Furthermore, the theoretical parameters of the bioactive molecules were calculated to establish their drug-likeness qualities. The proteins used for the calculations are prostate cancer protein (PDB ID: 3RUK and 6XXP). ADME/T analysis was carried out to examine the drug properties of the studied molecules.

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from benzimidazolium salts. Detailed and generalized protocols are also presented for testing the catalytic activity of such complexes in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Representative results are shown for the catalytic activity of the four complexes in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura type reactions. For each of the reactions investigated, at least one of the four complexes successfully catalyzed the reaction, qualifying them as promising candidates for catalysis of many carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The protocols presented are general enough to be adapted for the synthesis, purification and catalytic activity testing of new palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes.

Crystal structure of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, C17H16O2

C17H16O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.6963(12) Å, b = 11.1187(8) Å, c = 11.6902(10) Å, β = 115.545(7)°, V = 1371.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0350, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0865, T = 293 K.

Crystal structure and computational studies of (3Z)-4-benzoyl-3-[(2,4-di-nitro-phen-yl)hydrazinyl-idene]-5-phenyl-furan-2(3H)-one

In the mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C₂₃H₁₄N₄O₇, the furan, di-nitro-phenyl and phenyl rings are almost in the same plane (r.m.s. deviation = 0.127 Å), with the benzoyl ring inclined by a dihedral angle of 56.4 (1)° to the three-ring system. A bifurcated intra-molecular N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bond is present. In the crystal, adjacent mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains parallel to [001]. A π-π stacking inter-action between the benzoyl and di-nitro-phenyl moieties contributes to the crystal packing. Theoretical calculations using DFT(B3YLP) methods were used to confirm the mol-ecular structure.

N-Methylphthalimide-substituted benzimidazolium salts and PEPPSI Pd-NHC complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions

A series of novel benzimidazolium salts (1–4) and their pyridine enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI) themed palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes [PdCl₂(NHC)(Py)] (5–8), where NHC = 1-(N-methylphthalimide)-3-alkylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene and Py = 3-chloropyridine, were synthesized and characterized by means of ¹H and ¹³C{¹H} NMR, UV–vis (for 5–8), ESI-FTICR-MS (for 2, 4, 6–8) and FTIR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling (for 1–8) and arylation (for 5–8) reactions. As catalysts, they demonstrated a highly efficient route for the formation of asymmetric biaryl compounds even though they were used in very low loading. For example, all compounds displayed good catalytic activity for the C–C bond formation of 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid with 4-chlorotoluene.

Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic evaluations and nonlinear optical properties of 3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioic O-acid

In this study, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on 3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioic O-acid (C18H18N2O3S) molecule. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3 with a=b=27.7151(12) Å, c=12.4866(6) Å, α=β=90.0°, γ=120.0° and Z=18. The crystal packing is stabilized by O-H⋯O and O-H⋯S intermolecular hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bond interactions are also proved by NBO analysis. A detailed spectroscopic investigation is performed by the application of FT-IR and FT-NMR in addition to the theoretical approaches. Small energy gap between the frontier molecular orbitals is responsible for the nonlinear optical activity of the title molecule.

Crystal structure of 1,3-bis-(4-methyl-benz-yl)-1H-1,3-benzimidazol-3-ium bromide monohydrate

In the title hydrated symetrically substituted 1,3-bis­(4-methyl­benz­yl)benzimidazolium salt, C₂₃H₂₃N₂⁺·Br⁻·H₂O, the dihedral angles between the benzimidazole ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å) and the pendant benzene rings are 73.18 (16) and 77.52 (16)°. Both benzene rings lie to the same side of the benzimidazole ring system, giving the cation an overall U-shape. In the crystal, the cation is linked to the water mol­ecule by a short C—H⋯O hydrogen bond and the water mol­ecule forms O—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds. Together, these inter­actions lead to [010] chains. The packing is consolidated by C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds and aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.5401 (17) and 3.8815 (18) Å], generating a three-dimensional network.

Vibrational and theoretical analysis of pentyl-4-benzoyl-1-[2,4-dinitrophenyl]-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Infrared spectrum of the compound, pentyl-4-benzoyl-1-[2,4-dinitrophenyl]-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (PBDPPC) has been measured. Conformational search through relaxed scan has been carried out to find the most stable conformational isomer. After the full geometry optimization for the most stable conformer using B3LYP and BLYP hybrid functionals of Density Functional Theory (DFT), vibrational normal modes have been calculated at the same theoretical levels. Potential Energy Distribution (PED) of each normal mode has been calculated by means of VEDA4 to obtain contributions of internal coordinates to the normal modes. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis has been performed to get insights into the possible hydrogen bonding sites for all the conformational isomers.