Synthesis, Biological Activity Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Imidazole Derivatives Possessing Hydrazone Moiety

In an attempt to identify potential active anticancer agents with low cytotoxic properties and CA inhibitors, a new series of hybrid compounds incorporating imidazole ring and hydrazone moiety as part of their structure were synthesized by aza-Michael addition reaction followed by intramolecular cyclization. The structure of synthesized compounds was elucidated using various spectral techniques. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer (prostate cell lines; PC3) and CA inhibitory (hCA I and hCA II) activity. Among them, some compound displayed remarkable anticancer activity and CA inhibitory activity with Ki values in range of 17.53±7.19-150.50±68.87 nM against cytosolic hCA I isoform associated with epilepsy, and 28.82±14.26-153.27±55.80 nM against dominant cytosolic hCA II isoforms associated with glaucoma. Furthermore, the theoretical parameters of the bioactive molecules were calculated to establish their drug-likeness qualities. The proteins used for the calculations are prostate cancer protein (PDB ID: 3RUK and 6XXP). ADME/T analysis was carried out to examine the drug properties of the studied molecules.

Chalcones Bearing Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclics as Multi-Targeted Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies

In this work, a series of chalcones (1a-d, 2a-d, 3a-d, 4a-d and 5a-d) was designed and synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Also, their chemical structures were elucidated using UV-Vis, FT IR, ¹ H NMR, ¹³ C NMR, MS spectral data and Elemental analyses. Subsequently, anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease inhibitory activities and antioxidant activities of all chalcones were evaluated. The inhibitory potential of all chalcones in terms of IC₅₀ value was observed ranging from 7.18 ± 0.43 to 29.62 ± 0.30 μM against BChE by comparing with Galantamine (IC₅₀ 46.06 ± 0.10 μM) as a reference drug. Also compounds 2c, 3c, 4c, 4b and 4d exhibited high anticholinesterase activity against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity results revealed that three compounds (IC₅₀ 1.75 ± 0.83 μM for 2b, IC₅₀ 2.24 ± 0.11 μM for 3b and IC₅₀ 1.90 ± 0.64 μM for 4b) displayed good inhibitory activity against tyrosinase compared to kojic acid (IC₅₀ 0.64 ± 0.12 μM). In addition, other different three chalcones (IC₅₀ 22.34 ± 0.25 μM for 2c, IC₅₀ 20.98 ± 0.08 μM for 3c and IC₅₀ 18.26 ± 0.13 μM for 4c) showed excellent inhibitory activity against the urease by comparing with thiourea (IC₅₀ 23.08 ± 0.19 μM). Compounds 3c and 4c showed the best potency in all antioxidant activity tests. In the light of these findings, the structure-activity relationship for compounds was also described. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies including molecular docking, ADMET and pharmacophore analyses of compounds gave important information about the interactions and drug likeness properties. As a result, all chalcones exhibited suitable ADMET findings predicting good oral bioavailability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The crystal structure of (E)-amino(2-(4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazineyl)methaniminium 4-methylbenzoate, C9H13N4 + C8H7O2 −

Monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.187(15) Å, b = 10.585(11) Å, c = 11.952(13) Å, β = 113.851(16)∘, V = 1642(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0479, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1408, T = 296(2) K.